Tone Correction Research Articles

Color consistency method for cameras with unknown model

Modern methods of computational photography make it possible to bring the quality of images obtained by mobile cameras closer to the quality of professional cameras. One of the most important tasks is that of ensuring the consistency of colors from different cameras. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient way to bring the colors of one camera to another, based on the approximation of the required transformation by a tone correction spline and a color transformation matrix. An experimental study was carried out in a rather complicated case, in which it was required to match colors of the images obtained from two fundamentally different sensors, as well as using diffractive optics. The results of the experiments showed that the proposed method allows one to obtain a higher accuracy of color matching between cameras than existing analogues.

Study on picometer-level laser interferometer readout system in TianQin project

As a central payload of TianQin space-borne gravitational wave detector, inter satellite laser interferometer allows to measure distance variance with extremely high precision. The readout system, or phasemeter, is often based on all digital phase locked loop in an FPGA. However, sampling jitter is one of the main inevitable noise sources during digitization. Here we use the pilot tone correction to suppress sampling jitter noise. To obtain accurate correction coefficient rather than preset values by normal pilot tone (NPT) correction, a least squares method (LSM) is presented. The experimental results show that the noise floor after pilot tone correction reaches 5 µrad/Hz1/2, which meets the TianQin project displacement noise requirement of 1 pm/Hz1/2. Besides, the correlation between the signal corrected before and after by LSM method is less than half of that by NPT method.

DD-GAN: pedestrian image inpainting with simultaneous tone correction

DD-GAN: pedestrian image inpainting with simultaneous tone correction

Fuzzy C-means Clustering and Pseudo-coloring-based Pest detection of Ripe-Fruit Health Monitoring System using 2-D Aggrotech Images

Fruits are the gift of almighty to nature. Fresh fruit promote good health and having rich source of micronutrients, vitamins and fiber value. But due to its high sugar level on ripping stage different type of pest are attracted by its smell and effects on harvesting. This paper focuses on identification of the pest on ripe fruits using Fuzzy C Means (FCM) clustering for segmentation and simultaneously highlights the segmented insects with Pseudo-coloring using Pseudo-color image processing techniques. IoT integrated Drone based images are inputted as the dataset to perform detection of pest on fruit monitoring system. Before clustering-based segmentation the images undergo preprocessing stage for tone correction and noise removal. Hybrid FCM with Pseudo-color image processing method supersedes many segmentation algorithms by performance.

Correction of Psycho-Emotional Status Using Neuromuscular Relaxation of the Face.

This article is relevant, as most healthy women face the problem of increased facial muscle tone. The purpose of the study was to investigate current problems of the relationship between tonic activity of the facial muscles and psycho-emotional states. The study included a group of 151 women subjected to psychological testing. According to its results, they were randomized into five study groups depending on sex and age. The frequency and severity of psycho-emotional states and parameters of tonic activity of the facial muscles were studied. Currently accepted methods for the correction of psycho-emotional states based on the feedback mechanism were analyzed. The efficacy of myofascial facial massage as an instrument for psychological status correction was evaluated. The long-term effects of various massage techniques aimed at facial muscle relaxation on the psycho-emotional state were established. The most effective tools for muscle tone correction were proposed for psycho-emotional status correction.

A low-noise analog frontend design for the Taiji phasemeter prototype.

The Taiji program plans to utilize the laser interferometer to measure the movement at the picometer level between free-floating test masses. As the phase readout equipment, the phasemeter needs to obtain the beat note with an accuracy of μrad/Hz. The main source of noise in the phasemeter is the analog frontend of the analog to digital converter. A self-designed phasemeter prototype with a low-noise analog frontend, which includes the theme of the pilot tone correction, has been developed and tested for the Taiji program in this Note. The experimental results show that the performance of the developed phasemeter can satisfy the Taiji sensitivity requirement in the whole frequency range. The sensitivity of the board can reach 0.5 μrad/Hz in the frequency range of 0.1-1Hz. Therefore, the prototype gives us a good model for the fully functional Taiji phasemeter.

The Application of Intelligent Speech Recognition Technology in the Tone Correction of College Piano Teaching

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of college teaching reform and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the teaching methods used in college classrooms have been greatly different from traditional ones. The original teaching programs and teaching methods need to be changed with the development of the times. The main purpose of this article is to improve the correction rate of intelligent voice recognition technology for college piano timbre without violating the safety of artificial intelligence. This article mainly conducts experiments by consulting relevant domestic and foreign literature, using observation and comparison methods, and using some neural network algorithms (BP neural network algorithm and convolutional neural network algorithm) to obtain experimental results, and finally complete our experimental goal-research intelligence The application of speech recognition technology in the tone correction of piano teaching in colleges. The test results show that the use of multiple algorithms can improve the application of intelligent speech recognition technology in the tone correction of piano teaching in colleges and universities, mainly to improve the correction rate and enhance the ability of guiding teaching.

Resurface, Retone and Reboost: A Multi-Modality Approach for Prejuvenation of Millennial Patients

Background: Millennials represent a growing segment of the population that requires aesthetic treatments. Commonly, these individuals seek to undergo minimally invasive procedures to achieve ‘prejuvenation’ in order to delay the signs of aging because these procedures offer good aesthetic outcomes without the downtime and cost associated with more invasive options. Objective: Agents used for resurfacing, skin tone correction, and biorevitalising have been shown individually to address skin quality, melanogenesis, and rejuvenation, respectively. In this case report, the aim was to evaluate the overall prejuvenation effects of the combination of these agents in millennial subjects. Case description: Two patients with hyperpigmentation were evaluated prior to and after the prescribed regimen. Apparent improvements in skin quality and tone were documented after treatment. Conclusion: The combination of agents for prejuvenation was found to improve the overall quality of the skin and objectively reduced hypermelanosis in both male and female subjects.

Spot color watermarking: the use of the IWT-SVD and tone correction model

Watermarking has long been a necessary technology in the package printing industry for copyright protection and counterfeit prevention. However, A large number of spot colors are used in the industry, which poses a challenge for the watermarking application. In light of the integer wavelet transform (IWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD), we herein present a robust watermarking algorithm for spot color printing based on the color space transformation principle. First, a spot color channel was separated from the original image using the Neugebauer model. The image of the spot color channel was then transformed with the IWT, and the watermark was embedded in singular values of the 1-level IWT decomposed sub-bands. To enhance the security, Arnold scrambling and encryption were adopted, and a digital signature was embedded in the watermarked images. Hence, the extraction of the digital signature is required prior to the extraction of the watermark information. In the extraction stage, the watermark was extracted from the scanned grayscale image. The spot color scale was designed, and the tone correction model was established for the scanned grayscale image. A series of tests were conducted, and the results showed that the method is effective in resisting spot color distortion attacks in the print-scanning process, and the imperceptibility, capacity as well as security in the spot color are also favorable.

An Underwater Image Enhancement Method for Different Illumination Conditions Based on Color Tone Correction and Fusion-Based Descattering.

In the shallow-water environment, underwater images often present problems like color deviation and low contrast due to light absorption and scattering in the water body, but for deep-sea images, additional problems like uneven brightness and regional color shift can also exist, due to the use of chromatic and inhomogeneous artificial lighting devices. Since the latter situation is rarely studied in the field of underwater image enhancement, we propose a new model to include it in the analysis of underwater image degradation. Based on the theoretical study of the new model, a comprehensive method for enhancing underwater images under different illumination conditions is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is composed of two modules: color-tone correction and fusion-based descattering. In the first module, the regional or full-extent color deviation caused by different types of incident light is corrected via frequency-based color-tone estimation. And in the second module, the residual low contrast and pixel-wise color shift problems are handled by combining the descattering results under the assumption of different states of the image. The proposed method is experimented on laboratory and open-water images of different depths and illumination states. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms many other methods in enhancing the quality of different types of underwater images, and is especially effective in improving the color accuracy and information content in badly-illuminated regions of underwater images with non-uniform illumination, such as deep-sea images.

Motion Picture Color Learning System

Color knowledge is necessary for creating moving image contents. In order to realize more detailed learning than the conventional moving image color learning system, we developed the new functions. First, we added a three-dimensional display function that logs of beginners’ answer using the system and can compare the answer history with the correct answer according to the question. Second, we added a color tone correction function according to the specified scene and brightness. Third, we added an advisory function to display the difference between the answer’s value and the correct answer value for hue, saturation, and lightness. From the evaluation experiments, it was confirmed that learning effect and continued motivation by using the system can be expected.

On the assessment of subjective response to tonal content of contemporary aircraft noise

The Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) is the primary metric used for assessing subjective response to aircraft noise. The EPNL comprises calculation of the Perceived Noise Level (in PNdB), and takes into account flyover duration and the presence of pure tones to arrive at an adjusted EPNL value. With the presence of a single significant tone, EPNL has been found to be reasonably effective for the assessment of aircraft noise annoyance. Several authors have, however, suggested that EPNL is not capable of quantifying the subjective response to aircraft noise that contains multiple complex tones. The noise source referred to as “Buzz-saw” noise is a typical example of complex tonal content in aircraft noise with an important effect on both cabin and community noise impact. This paper presents the results of a series of listening tests where a number of participants were exposed to samples of aircraft noise with six variants of aircraft engines, assumed representative of the contemporary twin engine aircraft fleet. On the basis of the findings of these listening tests, the Aures tonality method significantly outperforms the EPNL tone correction method when assessing the subjective response to aircraft noise during take-off with the presence of multiple complex tones. The participants reported ‘high pitch’ as one of the least preferable aircraft noise characteristics, and consequently, the psychoacoustics metric Sharpness was found to be another important contributor to subjective response to the noise of two specific aircraft engine groups (out of the six considered). The limitations of Aures tonality are discussed, in particular for aircraft noise with both a series of complex tones spaced evenly across the frequency spectrum with relatively even sound levels and less subjectively dominant single frequency tones (compared to broadband noise). In line with these limitations, further work is proposed for more effective assessment of subjective response to aircraft noise containing significant tonal content in the form of numerous closely spaced or other complex tones.

71‐3: Curved Kawara‐type Multidisplay with OLED Devices for BT.2020 Color Gamut

A curved Kawara‐type multidisplay is capable of displaying a seamless image with few visible joints. Organic light‐emitting diode devices that achieve an area ratio of 106% to the BT.2020 color gamut in theu ‘v’ chromaticity diagram are used. Tone correction using machine learning enables the joints to be less visible.

Optical testbed for the LISA phasemeter

The planned spaceborne gravitational wave detector LISA will allow the detection of gravitational waves at frequencies between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz. A breadboard model for the metrology system aka the phasemeter was developed in the scope of an ESA technology development project by a collaboration between the Albert Einstein Institute, the Technical University of Denmark and the Danish industry partner Axcon Aps. It in particular provides the electronic readout of the main interferometer phases besides auxiliary functions. These include clock noise transfer, ADC pilot tone correction, inter-satellite ranging and data transfer. Besides in LISA, the phasemeter can also be applied in future satellite geodesy missions. Here we show the planning and advances in the implementation of an optical testbed for the full metrology chain. It is based on an ultra-stable hexagonal optical bench. This bench allows the generation of three unequal heterodyne beatnotes with a zero phase combination, thus providing the possibility to probe the phase readout for non-linearities in an optical three signal test. Additionally, the utilization of three independent phasemeters will allow the testing of the auxiliary functions. Once working, components can individually be replaced with flight-qualified hardware in this setup.

Morphological features of structure of aorta, coronal arteries and myocardium at chronic kidneys disease

The most important functions of endothelium are: hemostasis regulation, inflammation modulation, vascular tone correction, vascular permeability regulation. Chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) breaks this balance and predisposes vessels to vasoconstriction, leukocyte adhesion, platelet activation, mitogenesis, inflammation. The aim of the work was to study morphological changes of the cardiovascular walls and aorta in patients with CPD and to assess the possibilities of its endothelium to reparation. Materials and methods. There was studied an autopsy material of 18 died persons 45-55 years old. All died persons had the signs of chronic pulmonary disease (CPD). For detection of the immune cellular reaction features in zone of inflammation process there were used the primary homogenous antibodies (HGAB) of DAKO (Denmark), Rady-to-Use. The studies were carried out on microscope Primo Star (Carl Zeiss) using AxioCam (ERc 5s). Results and discussion: The changes of endothelium of coronary vessels of heart and aorta were demonstrated with the different degree of disorganization. These pathologic processes were familiar to the immune inflammation. The weak expression of the growth factor of VEGF and bcl-2 vessels endothelium can be the indirect sign of the low ability of the vascular wool structure and endothelium lining to reconstruction because an activation of apoptosis takes place at its deficiency. Conclusions. The changes of coronary arteries and aorta construction at CPD are characterized with unidirectional nature with the different intensity of pathologic process in all layers of the vascular wall and vascular transformation that is typical for immune inflammation. The detected disorders of vascular morphology and immunoinflammatory reaction activity can be the one of the main causes of cardiovascular complications development

Noise Model Analysis on Image Sensor Arrays

This paper presents a new noise model and its application to Bayer color filter array (CFA). We investigate the effect of various noise models. In addition, we study three possible Bayer patterns. For example, current Bayer CFA utilizes RGGB pattern. However, one may consider other color combinations such as RRGB or RGBB patterns. To prove RGGB pattern’s superiority, we investigate each pattern in various noise model and noise level. We also studied the method how to generate noisy image from noisy free image. Traditional noise models do not take into account white balance, gamma and tone correction issues. Simulation results indicate that the new noise model is more reasonable than the conventional models.

An overview of issues in quantification of the tonalness of sounds

Audible pitches in noise increase annoyance, and tone corrections to noise level metrics have been used in noise impact quantification for over 50 years. These corrections are a function of the prominence of the tone relative to the nearby spectral components. Frequency masking, the width of the tonal feature, and the frequency may also be taken into account. All measures are derived from spectral estimates. When a single or well isolated tonal components are present in noise, sounds are stationary and sufficient data is available for good spectral estimation, many tonalness metrics (Prominence Ratio, Tone to Noise Ratio, Tone Audibility, and Aures Tonality) work well. More challenging is quantification of tonalness when: the frequency is varying with time, either slowly or quickly; there is a harmonic series that is predominantly heard holistically not as a series of individual pitches; or there is beating because of the presence of multiple tones within a critical band. In music, the characteristics of harmonic families help us identify different instruments and manipulation of harmonic series in machinery noise can make tonal sounds more or less pleasant. The challenges of quantifying tonal contributions and their impact in these more complicated cases will be described

Chinese Tone and Vowel Processing Exhibits Distinctive Temporal Characteristics: An Electrophysiological Perspective from Classical Chinese Poem Processing

Classical Chinese poems have strict regulations on the acoustic pattern of each syllable and are semantically meaningless. Using such poems, this study characterized the temporal order of tone and vowel processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). The target syllable of the poem was either correct or deviated from the correct syllable at tone, vowel or both levels. Vowel violation elicited a negative effect between 300 and 500 ms regardless of the tone correctness, while tone violation elicited a positive effect between 600 and 1000 ms. The results suggest that the vowel information was available earlier than the tone information. Moreover, there was an interaction between the effect of vowel and tone violations between 600 and 1000 ms, showing that the vowel violation produced a positive effect only when the tone was correct. This indicates that vowel and tone processing interacts in the later processing stage, which involves both error detection and reanalysis of the spoken input. Implications of the present results for models of speech perception are discussed.

Generalized Equalization Model for Image Enhancement

In this paper, we propose a generalized equalization model for image enhancement. Based on our analysis on the relationships between image histogram and contrast enhancement/white balancing, we first establish a generalized equalization model integrating contrast enhancement and white balancing into a unified framework of convex programming of image histogram. We show that many image enhancement tasks can be accomplished by the proposed model using different configurations of parameters. With two defining properties of histogram transform, namely contrast gain and nonlinearity, the model parameters for different enhancement applications can be optimized. We then derive an optimal image enhancement algorithm that theoretically achieves the best joint contrast enhancement and white balancing result with trading-off between contrast enhancement and tonal distortion. Subjective and objective experimental results show favorable performances of the proposed algorithm in applications of image enhancement, white balancing and tone correction. Computational complexity of the proposed method is also analyzed.

멜로디 비교 시각화를 통한 음정 교정 시스템 구현

With the proliferation of digital music, public‘s interest in music and desire to sing well are increasing. This paper presents the implementation of a tone correction system through a visualization of comparison between music and humming data. For this we extract MIDI note from music and humming data and then design a matching engine using DTW algorithm which is for robust matching results against local timing variation and inaccurate tempo. This system is expected to correct the user’s wrong tone by visualization and feedback from the result.