Tone Color Research Articles

The time series pattern study of classical guitar tone color

The time series pattern study of classical guitar tone color

Observations of in vivo laser tissue ablation in animal models with different chromophores on the skin and modulating duration per laser exposure

Characteristics such as skin tone and pigmentation color vary among patients, but most researches on laser irradiation in laser ablation have revolved around minimizing damage to reduce pain. Chromophores are the most important factors in photon energy absorption, a key principle of laser ablation. We investigated the influences on ablation depth by different chromophores on the target and modulating duration per laser exposure using an Nd:YVO4 nanosecond 532-nm laser. We used a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT) system combined with a 532-nm Nd:YVO4 laser to observe the ablation process. In addition, an external customized shutter and water-based color pens (red, green, blue, black) were used to determine the effects of modulating the duration per laser exposure and coloring chromophores on porcine skin and hairless mouse models. Experiments with modulating duration per laser exposure demonstrated that shorter duration generated shallower craters than longer one. Painted experimental group showed damaged region as craters in the experiments with coloring various chromophores. In this research, we investigated the effects of modulating duration per laser exposure and different chromophores on the target. Coloring chromophores with water-based dyes using pens increased tissue damage without dyeing cells or tissue.

Harmonicity: Behavioral and Neural Evidence for Functionality in Auditory Scene Analysis

ABSTRACTThis study examines sound perception and tests the functionality of harmonicity as a metric of auditory preference and regional brain activity. Most salient sounds contain harmonic overtones, a reliable acoustic natural regularity, which we model to computationally define harmonicity. In Experiment 1, listeners rated pairwise similarity of 20 intensity- and f0-matched diverse acoustic stimuli. A multidimensional scaling solution revealed two principal timbre dimensions: tone color and harmonicity. These dimensions, respectively, correlated with the computational measures of spectral-envelope slope (r = 0.51) and RMSE deviation from a harmonic series (r = 0.78). The harmonicity dimension also correlated with rated preference (r = 0.48). This enabled creation of an ordered stimulus-preference continuum that ranged from positive (piano) to negative (hawk screech), used for fMRI tests in Experiment 2. Those results revealed a bilateral primary auditory cortical network for all sounds, but with inharmonic exemplars only producing activation in a fronto-insular cortical network, possibly associated with oddball detection. The results are consistent with dissonant sounds violating the regularity of acoustic-object harmonicity, thereby engaging brain regions associated with unexpected stimuli and attentional focus. The findings confirm harmonicity is an important auditory dimension related to preference, with promise to elicit systematic patterns of cortical network activation.

Sound quality metrics applied to road noise evaluation

Road noise monitoring systems typically measure sound levels in specific time periods. The more insightful approach suggests to measure also the nature of noise. Sound quality of sounds such as car noise can be objectively evaluated by several parameters. One of them is psychoacoustic annoyance, described by loudness, tone color, and the temporal structure of sound. In this paper the assessment of several sound quality parameters, such as: loudness of time-varying noise, sharpness, fluctuation strength, and roughness, as well some additional parameters borrowed from the Music Information Retrieval area are presented. Then a comparison between parameter values obtained by means of the professional measurement system and a tool working in the Matlab environment is performed. The conducted investigations are carried out using recorded samples of an individual vehicle pass-by in close proximity of the road, organized as a database of road traffic noise recordings. [This research was partly supported by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development within the Grant No. OT4-4B/AGH-PG-WSTKT.]

Relacije muzičkih sposobnosti i uspešnosti u ritmičkoj gimnastici kod osoba različitog pola

The success in rhythmic gymnastics (RG) performance depends on a number of factors, including musical factors. Music plays an important role in all sports with an esthetic component, especially in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between some musical abilities and rhythmic gymnastics performance success with respect to both genders. The sample consisted of 58 students of the Faculty of sport and physical education, 29 female and 29 male. Seashore test was used to estimate musical abilities, in which were considered differentiations of the Tone height, Tone volume, Rhythmic structures, Tone length and Tone color, as well as Memory of the melody. Rhythmic gymnastics program contests (routine without apparatus, rope routine and ball routine) were realized in the regular teaching course of Theory and Methodology of RG. Adoption of rhythmic gymnastics program contests was evaluated by an expert score obtained as the mean of the three judge grades, given independently. The results showed that correlation between RG expert score and musical abilities in the subsamples of males and females existed, but there were differences in some variables depending on gender. In the male subsample, there was a correlation between the expert score and the Total score on the Seashore test (r = .40, p <.05), as well as between the expert score and Tone volume (r = .42, p <.05), phythm (r=.44, p <.05) and Tone length (r = .40, p <.05), while the in female subsample, there was correlation between the expert score and tope color (r = .42, p <05).

Dark timbre: the aesthetics of tone colour in goth music

AbstractTimbre is a key aspect of musical practice and aesthetics. Artists use instrumentation, vocal technique, and production technology to create precise tone colours; listeners are able to identify genres, artists and connotations through timbre. However, critical assessment of its ephemeral musical agency is scarce. This article develops a theory of timbre. Goth music, which privileges tone colour in production, performance, and aesthetic, is a case in point for the ungraspable agency of this musical parameter. Timbral analyses of two goth tracks, Veil of Light's ‘Cold skin’ and Sopor Aeternus and the Ensemble of Shadows's ‘Dreamland’, will assess tone colour's relation to identity and difference (Walser), signification and corporeality (Barthes, Ihde), and the surplus of meaning and embodiment (Dolar). The article will argue that timbral aesthetics are characterised by the paradox of present absence: it indicates corporeality and meaning but simultaneously exceeds both. Tangible but also disembodied, immersive but also meaningless, it is no wonder that goth exploits timbre's dark agency.

色の濃淡、鮮やかさの違いによるイメージの差違比較 : ビビット、ペール、ダークの三色調に対する台湾、日本、韓国および中国での調査

色の濃淡、鮮やかさの違いによるイメージの差違比較 : ビビット、ペール、ダークの三色調に対する台湾、日本、韓国および中国での調査

Drastic Allure: Timbre Between the Sublime and the Grain

This article analyses the binarism that pervades critical assessments of tone colour. In musicology, sound studies, and aesthetics alike, timbre is either considered in a materialist way as the manipulation of sound waves and instruments, or, in idealist fashion, as a sublime and unapproachable Thing that defies description. Exploring the timbral sublime and its friction with timbral materiality, I argue that a theorisation of tone colour must start with the acknowledgement of the timbral paradox: timbre undeniably has material as well as immaterial components. Timbre’s paradoxical im/materiality engenders a sublime aesthetic experience that can be described as the aporia of being drawn into a void which appears to be real but which—the closer you get to it—flickers in and out of earshot and comprehension. The paradox of tone colour, thus, is precisely its allure.

Mothers Consistently Alter Their Unique Vocal Fingerprints When Communicating with Infants

The voice is the most direct link we have to others' minds, allowing us to communicate using a rich variety of speech cues [1, 2]. This link is particularly critical early in life as parents draw infants into the structure of their environment using infant-directed speech (IDS), a communicative code with unique pitch and rhythmic characteristics relative to adult-directed speech (ADS) [3, 4]. To begin breaking into language, infants must discern subtle statistical differences about people and voices in order to direct their attention toward the most relevant signals. Here, we uncover a new defining feature of IDS: mothers significantly alter statistical properties of vocal timbre when speaking to their infants. Timbre, the tone color or unique quality of a sound, is a spectral fingerprint that helps us instantly identify and classify sound sources, such as individual people and musical instruments [5-7]. We recorded 24 mothers' naturalistic speech while they interacted with their infants and with adult experimenters in their native language. Half of the participants were English speakers, and half were not. Using a support vector machine classifier, we found that mothers consistently shifted their timbre between ADS and IDS. Importantly, this shift was similar across languages, suggesting that such alterations of timbre may be universal. These findings have theoretical implications for understanding how infants tune in to their local communicative environments. Moreover, our classification algorithm for identifying infant-directed timbre has direct translational implications for speech recognition technology.

On the authenticity of individual dynamic binaural synthesis.

A simulation that is perceptually indistinguishable from the corresponding real sound field could be termed authentic. Using binaural technology, such a simulation would theoretically be achieved by reconstructing the sound pressure at a listener's ears. However, inevitable errors in the measurement, rendering, and reproduction introduce audible degradations, as it has been demonstrated in previous studies for anechoic environments and static binaural simulations (fixed head orientation). The current study investigated the authenticity of individual dynamic binaural simulations for three different acoustic environments (anechoic, dry, wet) using a highly sensitive listening test design. The results show that about half of the participants failed to reliably detect any differences for a speech stimulus, whereas all participants were able to do so for pulsed pink noise. Higher detection rates were observed in the anechoic condition, compared to the reverberant spaces, while the source position had no significant effect. It is concluded that the authenticity mainly depends on how comprehensive the spectral cues are provided by the audio content, and the amount of reverberation, whereas the source position plays a minor role. This is confirmed by a broad qualitative evaluation, suggesting that remaining differences mainly affect the tone color rather than the spatial, temporal or dynamical qualities.

The Ideas and Concepts of Overture Music Composition: One of the Opera Music Compositions of Kehidupan Dua Zaman Hikayat Siboru Deakparujar on the Creation of New Mode and Rhythm of Ogung Instrument

The main problem in the composition idea of Overture is the studying of Opera itself but very few works of opera compositions that combine Western music with the traditional music of the Batak Toba Indonesia. Second, in the traditional opera of Batak Toba, it is often performed musical themes taken from the social life story of Batak Toba society and it is extremely rare, especially among the people of Batak Toba. Third, in the Batak opera, the music is used only as an entertainment and separated from the content of the story and often does not have the music score. The Overture created uses Atonality scale inspired by the pentatonic music of Batak Toba by using music score. Fourth, collecting information related to the influence of Western music, in this case, Atonality and pentatonic music of Batak Toba. Fifth, The use of the musical elements such as melody, rhythm pattern, tone color, harmony, form, texture and orchestra. With the above description, the writer created an opera based on the employment elements of Western music and Batak Toba music. The author made the employment of methods with the use of a rhythmic pattern on traditional musical instruments ogung and sulim combined with Western musical instrument without changing each ton of each musical instrument of the traditional Batak Toba. Sixth, the mode of pentatonic (five pitch) in which five pitch is the texture of taganing mode in the ensemble of gondang hasapi (an ensemble of the traditional music of the Batak Toba, North Sumatra in Indonesia) that are customized according to the tuning system of twelve of Western music pitch in order to generate new modes used in the above employment of opera.

Understanding and Playing on the Tone Colour of the Violin

Timbre is one of violin playing a very critical factor, in this paper, through lists a number of works for violin playing style to express the relationship between the timbre and playing, and play the role of. That is to say, importance of the timbre of violin playing in.

Perception of a virtual violin radiation in a wave field synthesis system

A method to synthesize the sound radiation characteristics of musical instruments in a wave front synthesis system is proposed and tested. Radiation patterns of a violin are measured with a circular microphone array which consists of 128 pressure receivers. For each critical frequency band one exemplary radiation pattern is decomposed to circular harmonics of order 0 to 64. So the radiation characteristic of the violin is represented by 25 complex radiation patterns. On the reproduction side, these circular harmonics are approximated by 128 densely spaced monopoles by means of 128 broadband impulses. An anechoic violin recording is convolved with these impulses, yielding 128 filtered versions of the recording. These are then synthesized as 128 monopole sources in a wave front synthesis system and compared to a virtual monopole playing the unfiltered recording. The subjects perceive the tone color of the recreated virtual violin as being dependent on the listening position and report that the two source ty...

Semi-automatic mapping for identifying complex geobodies in seismic images

Seismic images are composed of positive and negative seismic wave traces with different amplitudes (Robein 2010 Seismic Imaging: A Review of the Techniques, their Principles, Merits and Limitations (Houten: EAGE)). The association of these amplitudes together with a color palette forms complex visual patterns. The color intensity of such patterns is directly related to impedance contrasts: the higher the contrast, the higher the color intensity. Generally speaking, low impedance contrasts are depicted with low tone colors, creating zones with different patterns whose features are not evident for a 3D automated mapping option available on commercial software. In this work, a workflow for a semi-automatic mapping of seismic images focused on those areas with low-intensity colored zones that may be associated with geobodies of petroleum interest is proposed. The CIE L*A*B* color space was used to perform the seismic image processing, which helped find small but significant differences between pixel tones. This process generated binary masks that bound color regions to low-intensity colors. The three-dimensional-mask projection allowed the construction of 3D structures for such zones (geobodies). The proposed method was applied to a set of digital images from a seismic cube and tested on four representative study cases. The obtained results are encouraging because interesting geobodies are obtained with a minimum of information.

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE EXPRESSIONS WITH COLOR TERMS IN THE NOVEL N. HAWTHORNE "THE SCARLET LETTER"

Article is devoted to lexical-semantic classification of word-combinations with the color names in fiction. aim of the article is a lexical characteristic of the language and speech means with the color names in the novel N. Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter. In particular, in article the analysis of color symbols, emotionally expressive and grammatical features of expression of color is carried out. It is known that the functions of color terms in prose and color symbolism are connected with national specifics of the language, language is closely connected with culture. Feature of the lexical filling of N. Hawthorne's novel is a huge variety of words and expressions, representing generally adjectives in combination with nouns (a black shadow); separate adjectives (so black and dense); compound nouns, expressing the shades of the color names ( this rose-bush); tint color terms, which are represented by two adjectives (dark and abundant hair); tone color terms presented in the form of a combination with pronouns (other darksome) ; tint color terms expressed by a noun (the darker); color terms expressed by two nouns (the Scarlet Letter); color terms in combination with a participial phrase. Color naming in the novel mainly contain red, white and black colors and their shades. semantic contrast of the color names gives an indication of the opposites: love and hate, passion and indifference, life and death. Along with the metaphors the author uses comparisons between phenomena. With the help of conjunctions like and as the author manages to create visual images that allow a better understanding of a certain shade of the compared colors. As a result of the analysis it was revealed that the lexical filling of colors is represented in the novel mainly by adjectives in combination with nouns or separate adjectives, compound nouns, two adjectives, combined with pronouns, nouns, two nouns, combined with a participial phrase, idiomatic and metaphorical expressions.

해외 소셜 미디어에 나타난 시니어 패션과 심리적 특성

This study aims to examine the formative characteristics of seniors' fashion in overseas social media, and look into the psychological characteristics of seniors by analyzing the emotions and the characteristics of psychological mechanism in seniors' fashion. The study methods include statistical analysis and content analysis for literary study and data analysis. For data analysis, statistical and content analyses were conducted to analyze 992 data collected from Advanced style, Facebook, and Instagram for 4 years from 2013 to 2016. In formative features shown at overseas social media, circle and square silhouette, achromatic color and warm color, showy tone color, soft material, horizontal details, plain and natural patterns, cap and sunglasses production, and sophisticated elegance styles appeared high. The emotional characteristics in senior's fashion had a silhouette that expressed stability, color that expressed passion, love, happiness, joy, hope and comfort. Materials were expressed by the emotions of dependence and attachment, details were expressed by stable, maternal, calm, comfortable and harmonious emotions. Patterns were expressed by the images of beauty, love, fruit and psychological stability. Accessories were expressed by young and characterful images. Style expressed the emotions of trust, pride, longing, intoxication and ecstasy. The characteristics of psychological mechanism used such shapes and patterns as flower, heart and lips to symbolize the emotions of love, humor, and fun. Young and trendy fashion were expressed in compensation for aging. Kitsch and kidult style was expressed by regression. Elegance fashion was expressed by the sublimation of pride, trust and intoxication.

Are Instructions to Manipulate Specific Parameters of Laryngeal Function Associated with Auditory-Perceptual Ratings of Voice Quality in Nondisordered Speakers?

This preliminary study investigated whether auditory-perceptual judgments of voice quality by experienced speech language pathologists were associated with instructions given to speakers to manipulate specific laryngeal postures. Experimental, within-subject design. Nine speakers were instructed and trained to manipulate three vocal parameters implicated in functional voice disorders-false vocal fold constriction, vocal fold mass, and larynx height-while reading a standard passage. Experienced judges rated these standard passages in terms of the widely used perceptual voice qualities breathiness, roughness, vocal strain, glottal fry, tone onset, tone color, loudness, and pitch. Between-subject factorial analysis of variance, controlling for judge unreliability, revealed some evidence that perceptual judgments are strongly associated with underlying laryngeal muscle activity that can then serve clinical planning of goals for intervention. Eta2 effect sizes were large for all dependent measures, ranging from 0.39 for pitch to 0.77 for strained. Although these results are encouraging, they were obtained under ideal conditions. Further research is warranted.

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Pidobenzone 4% as Adjuvant Treatment for Solar Lentigines: Result of a Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial

Background/Objective: This study aims at the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy based on pidobenzone 4% and fractional CO₂ laser or cryotherapy in the treatment of solar lentigines and the prevention of eventual posttreatment hyperchromia. Methods: Efficacy was clinically evaluated by grading the pigmentation level with the Skin Tone Color Scale (STCS), and by grading patients' impression through a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Our study shows that the associated treatment was safe and that it improves the therapeutic results on solar lentigines and prevents postiatrogenic hyperpigmentation compared with physical therapy alone. Conclusion: The combination of cryotherapy and pidobenzone 4% has been found to be the most useful treatment.

Forest as Place in the Album "Canopy": Culturalising Nature or Naturalising Culture?

Forest as Place in the Album "Canopy": Culturalising Nature or Naturalising Culture?

Relationships between preferences of sensibility expression factors for utilized fabrics and preferences of fashion images

This study investigated the preference of sensibility expression factors regarding fashion materials, such as the color, pattern and texture of fabric. Moreover, this study analyzed the relationship between the preference of sensibility expression factors and the preference of fashion images by identifying the preference of fashion images. The survey subjects were 312 women ranging in age from 20 to 40 years old. This study utilized a questionnaire as a measurement tool. First, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials. In regards to color preference, this study considered color depth such as light tone color, moderate tone color, dark tone color and vivid tone color. In regards to pattern preference, this study examined: geometric pattern, floral pattern, animal skins pattern, check pattern and symbolical pattern. In regard to preference of the texture, this study assessed: roughness, luster, flatness and lightness. Second, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of fashion images. This study examined five factors: dignity, uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Third, this study analyzed the effects of the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials on the preference of fashion images. As a result, the color preference was related to the image preference associated with dignity, femininity and simplicity, whereas the pattern preference was related to the images of uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Moreover, the preference of texture image was related to the images of dignity, uniqueness, femininity and activity.