Tolerance For Uncertainty Research Articles

Casing Wear Log Using a Prewear Ellipse Shape from Ultrasonic Logging Data

Summary The inspection of casing integrity is an important field of study regarding well safety assessment. In casing design, casing wear prediction is usually performed with a torque and drag model calibrated with laboratory simulation results. The availability of ultrasonic logging data makes it possible to calibrate these models, correlating actual conditions with similar equipment, operations, and trajectory. This work presents an accurate methodology that quantifies casing wear under a certain uncertainty level using data from ultrasonic logging tools. An ellipse equation is adopted to estimate the prewear condition of the cross section, and then it is applied to calculate wear. Also, a methodology to generate synthetic tube cross sections with prescribed ovality, eccentricity, and groove wear, with any intensities and locations, is presented. A model error analysis is carried out to compare the accuracy of the proposed strategy with others found in the literature. A statistical error analysis shows how the measurement noise is related to the estimated wear. This provides the level of uncertainty of the response, which can improve the right interpretation of data. Results demonstrate that the strategy successfully achieves an adequate quantification and can be applied to estimate casing wear profiles, under an admissible uncertainty tolerance.

Anxiety sensitivity, uncertainty and recursive thinking: A continuum on Cyberchondria conditions during the Covid Outbreak

Background. Cyberchondria is a term used to refer to excessive surfing the web looking for health care information, excessive checking behavior being related to health-related anxiety. This period of quarantine for the Covid-19 pandemic is increasing the pathological use of the internet, and the excessive surfing the web looking for health care information. Another dimension related to the Covid-19 outbreak refers to uncertainty intolerance, for this reason being necessary for the healthcare professionals to provide clear and linear information. Aim. The aim of this review is to identify the psychological correlations connected to cyberchondria in the quarantine period. Methods. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a systematic review of the literature on PubMed. The terms used for the search were “Cyberchondria” OR “Anxiety” AND “Quarantine”. Results. As resulting from the reviewed literature, there is a relationship between anxiety for one’s own state of health and cyberchondria, with negative psychological effects of quarantine, including post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety, low mood, irritability, insomnia, uncertainty, emotional exhaustion, this condition being associated with hypervigilance, and catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily signs. Conclusion. In the light of this and according to the literature, it would be desirable that research can further explore the factors influencing the increase in cyberchondria in the future.

Perceptions and tolerance of uncertainty: relationship to trust in COVID-19 health information and vaccine hesitancy.

The COVID-19 crisis has exposed the public to considerable scientific uncertainty, which may promote vaccine hesitancy among individuals with lower tolerance of uncertainty. In a national sample of US adults in May–June 2020, we examined how both perceptions of uncertainty about COVID-19 and trait-level differences in tolerance of uncertainty arising from various sources (risk, ambiguity, and complexity) are related to vaccine hesitancy-related outcomes, including trust in COVID-19 information, COVID-19 vaccine intentions, and beliefs that COVID-19 vaccines should undergo a longer testing period before being released to the public. Overall, perceptions of COVID-19 uncertainty were not associated with trust in information, vaccine intentions, or beliefs about vaccine testing. However, higher tolerance of risk was associated with lower intentions to get vaccinated, and lower tolerance of ambiguity was associated with lower intentions to get vaccinated and preferring a longer period of vaccine testing. Critically, perceptions of COVID-19 uncertainty and trait-level tolerance for uncertainty also interacted as predicted, such that greater perceived COVID-19 uncertainty was more negatively associated with trust in COVID-19 information among individuals with lower tolerance for risk and ambiguity. Thus, although perceptions of uncertainty regarding COVID-19 may not reduce trust and vaccine hesitancy for all individuals, trait-level tolerance of uncertainty arising from various sources may have both direct and moderating effects on these outcomes. These findings can inform public health communication or other interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10865-022-00302-9.

The effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment therapy on experiential avoidance, uncertainty intolerance and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment therapy on experiential avoidance, uncertainty intolerance and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Why do people seek information? The role of personality traits and situation perception.

The opportunity to learn new knowledge is ever present. How do people decide if information has sufficient value to counteract the cost of obtaining it? We proposed a conceptual model of information seeking that emphasizes how personality traits and perceptions of situations may influence motivations to seek information to explore (related to trait curiosity and openness/intellect, and situations evoking more positive emotions and opportunities for intellectual engagement) or feel safe (related to trait uncertainty intolerance and neuroticism, and situations that evoke more negative emotions). Across two studies (N = 436; N = 316), information seeking was assessed with two widely used paradigms (advance knowledge of a reward outcome and answers to trivia questions), as well as two variations of the trivia paradigm in Study 1. In all contexts, the available information was noninstrumental, having no practical utility within the context of the task. Consistent with our proposed exploration pathway, curiosity and openness/intellect predicted the choice to seek information for trivia and related stimuli, but not reward-outcome stimuli, and trivia stimuli were generally rated as more intellectually engaging, more positive, and less negative than reward-outcome stimuli. However, evidence for the safety pathway was only partially in line with predictions, with uncertainty intolerance predicting reward-outcome information seeking in Study 2 only. We consider possible modifications to our initial model and implications for information-seeking research. These studies provide a proof of concept that people display both trait- and context-dependent preferences for noninstrumental information, both of which are commonly overlooked in studies of information seeking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Creativity as a Way to Overcome Uncertainty

Creativity is seen as a way to overcome uncertainty - an integral feature of the modern world on the way to its knowledge. The attitude towards uncertainty is one of the personality traits, the versatility of the phenomenology of which determines the interdisciplinary status of the problem. Overcoming uncertainty by cognition, the creation of a new one, the courage of creativity become milestones of modernity and need scientific justification and reflection. The results of a study of the peculiarities of the attitude towards uncertainty of people capable of creativity, and people with different levels of intelligence, whose activities are externally stimulated, where cognitive motivation is not leading, are presented. Statistically significant differences were revealed between groups of people with different levels of performance according to the "Creative Field" method in terms of uncertainty tolerance tests. People who have shown the ability to be creative are significantly more tolerant of uncertainty, prefer the new to the familiar, as well as complex tasks compared to people of the stimulus-productive level. They are not limited to the perceived reality, they do not stop at uncertainty and the unknown, but, driven by a cognitive need, they are aimed at an in-depth understanding of the situation, due to which they advance in the knowledge and awareness of reality. People who can only solve the set tasks are helpless in the face of a situation of uncertainty. Achievement motivation limits the development of the thinking process even in the presence of high mental abilities, as well as a low level of intelligence development, i.e. lack of educational resources. This affects the negative perception of the situation of uncertainty and the inability to cope with it. The development of activity on one's own initiative as a unit of creativity is thus the way that allows one to overcome situations of uncertainty. Such people, despite the uncertainty, are able to continue their activities, to delve into the situation. Cognitive motivation helps to follow the path of cognition in new, complex, contradictory and unpredictable situations. The study of creativity as a way to overcome uncertainty reveals the mechanism of pre-adaptation.

Examining the relationship between fear of COVID-19, intolerance for uncertainty, and cyberloafing: A mediational model

After the COVID-19 pandemic began, organizations had to pivot and move to online remote work. As companies moved to digital platforms and technologies for remote working, a key concern was the increase in workplace withdrawal behaviors during the pandemic, including cyberloafing, a form of workplace deviance. Cyberloafing can be described as the action of using the internet for non-work-related activities or personal use during working hours. Given its effect on organizational effectiveness and efficiency, organizations must take measures to minimize cyberloafing. We examined how two factors—fear of COVID-19 and intolerance for uncertainty—were related to cyberloafing during the third lockdown in Israel. A sample of 322 adults who were enrolled in professional courses at a university in Israel were surveyed. Based on Conservation of Resources Theory, our findings suggest that distress significantly mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19, intolerance for uncertainty, and cyberloafing. In an attempt to deal with the stress and depletion of personal resources during the COVID-19 lockdown, individuals engaged in cyberloafing as a way to handle the stress. Our results suggest that organizations should take measures to reduce fear and uncertainty in order to decrease distress, which, in turn, will reduce cyberloafing.

The dialogic approach. An effective model for mental health services.

The quality and effectiveness of therapeutic rehabilitative interventions represent a landmark in the field of mental health. The respect of human rights is strictly linked to health in general, and these two aspects depend on how mental health services guarantee the treatment pathway.The focus of this study is on the international success of Open Dialogue (OD), once designed for those affected by schizophrenia, since it questions the traditional structure of mental health services. From the study of theoretical principles and the scientific evidences of the benefits of dialogic approach on Services, the core of this contribution consists of how much dialogue can be found inside Services themselves. The field of work was characterised by the operators of two MHCs: Modena Polo Est and Pavullo.The inquiry focused on operators’ behaviours and dispositions towards OD, regardless of the occupation of the workers, but selecting those with direct experience of Open Dialogue.Results highlight that dialogic approach is, in most cases, already adopted by operators, and that it positively affects their dispositions. Despite arduous to undertake, it can be inferred that tolerating uncertainty in its practical application and the reject of a medical-centred approach are extremely necessary. Indeed, not only are they coherent with the dialogic approach, but they also bring improvement aside from the selected approach.

The dialogic approach. An effective model for mental health services.

Background: The quality and effectiveness of therapeutic rehabilitative interventions represent a landmark in the field of mental health. The respect of human rights is strictly linked to health in general, and these two aspects depend on how mental health services guarantee the treatment pathway. Methods: The focus of this study is on the international success of Open Dialogue (OD), once designed for those affected by schizophrenia, since it questions the traditional structure of mental health services. From the study of theoretical principles and the scientific evidences of the benefits of dialogic approach on Services, the core of this contribution consists of how much dialogue can be found inside Services themselves. The field of work was characterised by the operators of two MHCs: Modena Polo Est and Pavullo. The inquiry focused on operators’ behaviours and dispositions towards OD, regardless of the occupation of the workers, but selecting those with direct experience of Open Dialogue. Results: Results highlight that dialogic approach is, in most cases, already adopted by operators, and that it positively affects their dispositions. Conclusion: Despite arduous to undertake, it can be inferred that tolerating uncertainty in its practical application and the reject of a medical-centred approach are extremely necessary. Indeed, not only are they coherent with the dialogic approach, but they also bring improvement aside from the selected approach.

Reliability of Uncertainty Tolerance Scales Implemented Among Physicians and Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Uncertainty tolerance (UT) is a construct describing individuals' perceptions of, and responses to, uncertainty across their cognition, emotion, and behavior. Various UT scales have been designed for physician and medical student populations. However, links between UT and other variables (e.g., training stages) are inconsistent, raising concerns about scale reliability and validity. As reliability is a precondition for validity, a necessary first step in assessing UT scales' efficacy is evaluating their reliability. Accordingly, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the reliability of UT scales designed for, and implemented among, physician and medical student populations. In 2020, the authors searched 4 electronic databases alongside a citation search of previously identified UT scales. They included English-language, peer-reviewed studies that implemented UT scales in physician and/or medical student populations and reported reliability evidence. A meta-analysis of studies' Cronbach's alphas evaluated aggregated internal consistency across studies; subgroup analyses evaluated UT scales by named scale, population, and item characteristics. Among 4,124 records screened, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting 75 Cronbach's alphas. Four UT scales appeared in at least 3 included studies: Physicians' Reactions to Uncertainty scale 1990 (PRU1990) and 1995 (PRU1995) versions, Tolerance for Ambiguity scale (TFA), and Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale (TAMSAD). The scores from these scales ranged in reliability from very good (PRU1990: 0.832, PRU1995: 0.818) to respectable (TFA: 0.761, TAMSAD: 0.711). Aggregated internal consistency was significantly higher ( P < .001) among physicians (0.797) than medical students (0.711). UT scales generally demonstrated respectable internal consistency when administered among physicians and medical students, yet the reliability among medical students was significantly lower. The authors caution against using UT scores for decision-making purposes (e.g., applicant selection, program evaluation), especially among medical student populations. Future research should explore the reasons underlying these observed population differences.

Effect of Lack of Endurance for Uncertainty on Health Promotion of People with Physical Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lack of tolerance for uncertainty in people with physical disabilities on health promotion. Data were collected from 250 people with physical disabilities living in five regions: Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang. Of these, the final 170 copies were used for the final analysis, excluding 80 copies with inconsistent responses or omissions. The survey tool was used by modifying and supplementing the questionnaire about lack of tolerance for uncertainty and health promotion used in previous studies. For the collected data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were used using SPSS and AMOS analysis programs. The derived research results are as follows. First, mental pain and work-life dissatisfaction due to uncertainty, which are sub-factors of the disabled

Fostering uncertainty tolerance in anatomy education: Lessons learned from how humanities, arts and social science (HASS) educators develop learners' uncertainty tolerance.

Uncertainty tolerance, individuals' perceptions/responses to uncertain stimuli, is increasingly recognized as critical to effective healthcare practice. While the Covid-19 pandemic generated collective uncertainty, healthcare-related uncertainty is omnipresent. Correspondingly, there is increasing focus on uncertainty tolerance as a health professional graduate "competency," and a concomitant interest in identifying pedagogy fostering learners' uncertainty tolerance. Despite these calls, practical guidelines for educators are lacking. There is some initial evidence that anatomy education can foster medical students' uncertainty tolerance (e.g., anatomical variation and dissection novelty), however, there remains a knowledge gap regarding robust curriculum-wide uncertainty tolerance teaching strategies. Drawing upon humanities, arts and social sciences (HASS) educators' established uncertainty tolerance pedagogies, this study sought to learn from HASS academics' experiences with, and teaching practices related to, uncertainty pedagogy using a qualitative, exploratory study design. Framework analysis was undertaken using an abductive approach, wherein researchers oscillate between inductive and deductive coding (comparing to the uncertainty tolerance conceptual model). During this analysis, the authors analyzed ~386min of data from purposively sampled HASS academics' (n=14) discussions to address the following research questions: (1) What teaching practices do HASS academics' perceive as impacting learners' uncertainty tolerance, and (2) How do HASS academics execute these teaching practices? The results extend current understanding of the moderating effects of education on uncertainty tolerance and supports prior findings that the anatomy learning environment is ripe for supporting learner uncertainty tolerance development. This study adds to growing literature on the powerful moderating effect education has on uncertainty tolerance and proposes translation of HASS uncertainty tolerance teaching practices to enhance anatomy education.

Coping With Students' Stress and Burnout: Learners' Ambiguity of Tolerance.

In the learning milieu, academic stress is deemed as the most general mental condition that learners encounter throughout their educational process, and it has been viewed as one of the most central issues not only in general education but also specifically in language learning. Likewise, burnout has been the main point in this situation. The comprehensive sources of stress and the reasons for burnout are pinpointed in the literature so realizing their association with other aspects such as coping strategies, namely tolerance of uncertainty, are at the center of attention as it may help reduce burnout and decrease the level of stress. To this end, the goal of the present study is to prove the influence of the tolerance of ambiguity in explaining the role of stress and burnout. Briefly, some implications are set forth for the educational stakeholders.

'A whole lot of uncertainty': A qualitative study exploring clinical medical students' experiences of uncertainty stimuli.

IntroductionUncertainty tolerance (UT) describes how individuals respond to stimuli of uncertainty, with low UT among medical doctors and students linked to negative outcomes such as burnout. UT research in medical education has focused on measuring the construct, with little research seeking to understand how medical students experience uncertainty. Hence, knowledge on how education may shape students' UT development is lacking. As a first step to understanding students' UT, we asked ‘How do medical students, in their clinical years, experience uncertainty stimuli?’MethodsUtilising a social constructionist approach, we undertook a qualitative study with 41 clinical years medical students. Data were collected during the 2020 academic year employing in‐semester reflective diary entries (n = 230 entries), and semi‐structured interviews at the end of semesters (n = 40 interviews). Data were analysed by framework analysis.ResultsStudents described three major themes of uncertainty stimuli: (i) educational uncertainty, (ii) professional uncertainty and (iii) clinical uncertainty. Educational uncertainty was the dominant stimulus described by students and represents unknowns related to what students needed to learn and how to learn within the context of clinical placements. Professional uncertainty encompassed questions about who students are as developing professionals and who they would be as doctors. Clinical uncertainty was the least represented stimulus and concerned aspects of patient care where the body of medical knowledge is unable to provide clear answers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that clinical learners experience wide reaching uncertainties and suggest that students' stimuli may differ from those of clinicians with more established knowledge and careers. This work now paves the way forward in developing educational interventions to foster UT, such as modifying uncertainties not integral to learning, and purposefully introducing clinical uncertainties relevant to students' learning stage.

Improvisation in the Time of a Pandemic: Field Notes on Resilience.

Improvisation in the Time of a Pandemic: Field Notes on Resilience.

2021 AAPM&amp;R Presidential address: Tolerance for uncertainty

2021 AAPM&amp;R Presidential address: Tolerance for uncertainty

Women's Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

PurposeWomen are experiencing greater unemployment and increased stress from childcare responsibilities than men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with these experiences may be at particular risk for mental illness and increased substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to assess women's substance use, mental health, and experiences of COVID-19 pandemic impacts.MethodsA national online survey was administered to adult women from September to November 2020. The survey included questionnaires assessing mental health, loneliness, intolerance for uncertainty, social support, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).ResultsA total of 499 women responded; most were White, college educated, and in their mid-30s. Of the 20.24% who acknowledged at least one IPV problem, 29.7% stated that their IPV problems have gotten worse since the pandemic began, and 16.83% said that they have increased their drug or alcohol use to cope with their relationship problems. Anxiety, perceived daily impact of COVID-19, and lower self-efficacy were significant predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. Those with risky alcohol use had significantly higher anxiety (p = .028) and depression (p = .032) than those with low-risk alcohol use.ConclusionsGreater anxiety about COVID-19, greater reported changes in daily life due to the pandemic, and high-risk alcohol use are related to greater mental health–related distress among women. For some, IPV has gotten worse during the pandemic and drug or alcohol use is a coping mechanism.

Predictors of successful professional activity of Ukrainian civil service specialists in emergency situations

The article presents the results of an empirical study to establish predictors of successful (effective) professional activity of emergencies specialists. The study was conducted in several stages. At the first stage, its participants were 25 ordinary citizens aged 18 to 65 and 15 professionals with experience in emergencies and representing the age group 22-45. Two focus groups were conducted: the first – with ordinary citizens (90 minutes), the second – with specialists (120 minutes). As a result, a list of professional competencies of a specialist in the extreme field of activity was formed. This list also contained competencies (as some respondents did not distinguish between competencies and competencies due to low level of awareness) and consisted of 27 items. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each expert (20 minutes). The group of experts consisted of 12 people (police, military, rescuers, psychologists). The selection of experts was carried out taking into account the following criteria: experience of at least five years, participation in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies (floods, fires, hostilities, accidents). In the end, erroneously included competencies were removed from the list, and some were combined into competencies. Subsequently, the experts were asked to identify the essential competencies for predicting successful professional activity. Each professional competence had to be assessed on a five-point scale. The frequency of representation of a certain competence was calculated based on the obtained data. This made it possible to determine the predictors of successful professional activity of emergencies specialists, in particular, such competencies as tolerance for uncertainty and risk competence. The article also presents the results of a review of theoretical and empirical research on the phenomena of «tolerance for uncertainty» and «risk-taking». It offers psychological tools for studying these phenomena. The main conclusion of our analysis is that attempts to understand better the phenomena of tolerance for uncertainty and risk-taking are not currently effective enough to achieve a single conceptual definition or an adequate empirical measure covering the full range of tolerances and uncertainties. This significantly complicates the practical acquisition of competencies necessary for the successful (effective) professional activity of emergencies specialists. And questionnaires, which are the main psychological tools, are too subjective

Extrapolation as a Default Strategy in Pediatric Drug Development.

Pediatric drug development lags adult development by about 8years (Mulugeta et al. in Pediatr Clin 64(6):1185-1196, 2017). In such context, many incentives, regulations, and innovative techniques have been proposed to address the disparity for pediatric patients. One such strategy is extrapolation of efficacy from a reference population. Extrapolation is currently justified by providing evidence in support of the effective use of drugs in children when the course of the disease and the expected treatment response would be sufficiently similar in the pediatric and reference population. This paper's position is that, despite uncertainties, pediatric drug development programs should initially assume some degree of extrapolation. The degree to which extrapolation can be used lies along a continuum representing the uncertainties to be addressed through generation of new pediatric evidence. In addressing these uncertainties, the extrapolation strategy should reflect the level of tolerable uncertainty concerning the decision to expose a child to the risks of a new drug. This judgment about the level of tolerable uncertainty should vary with the context (e.g., disease severity, existing therapeutic options) and can be embedded into pediatric drug development archetypes to ascertain the extent of studies needed and whether simultaneous development for adults and adolescents be considered.

Refugee posttraumatic growth: A grounded theory study.

In response to the unprecedented refugee crisis around the world, a growing body of research has focused on psychological distress among individuals and families forced to flee their homelands. Less attention has been directed toward understanding resilience, adaptation, and growth among this population. This grounded theory study explored the posttraumatic growth experiences of Middle Eastern and Afghan refugees resettled in the United States. The principal researcher conducted 23 interviews with seven couples and 16 individuals aged 25 to 67 years, from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. This study aimed to explore how refugees understand, process, overcome, and grow from the trauma and adversity they have experienced. Findings were used to delineate a model of the process through which refugees experience posttraumatic growth. The overarching theme of moving forward had five specific growth themes: increased awareness of context; tolerating uncertainty; spiritual/religious attunement; consideration of others; and integrating into society. Findings shed light on the complex process of growth and adaptation in the aftermath of war and forced migration. The model can serve as a tool for clinicians to facilitate more empowering posttraumatic narratives with refugee clients rooted in growth experiences.