Tolerance For Uncertainty Research Articles

FMRI Brain Response in Patients with Depression at the Time of Control of the Severity of Positive Social Emotions and Analysis of Behavioral Factors.

The study presents functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on the brain activity in depression and psycho-diagnostic indicators that characterize cognitive activity strategies of positive social emotion regulation. It was shown that fMRI activity of the brain during viewing of emotionally neutral and moderately positive images and searching for an optimal self-regulation strategy was associated with changes in activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Analysis of behavioral factors showed that strategies of searching for the optimal way of emotional self-regulation were closely related to the general style of behavior, level of uncertainty tolerance, and commitment. The integration of psycho-diagnostic and neuroimaging data allows deeper understanding of the mechanisms of emotions regulation that contributes to the optimization of protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders.

Moderators uncertainty tolerance (UT) in healthcare: a systematic review

Uncertainty tolerance (UT) is integral to healthcare. Providers’ responses to medical uncertainty has ramifications on the healthcare system, the healthcare provider and the patient. Understanding healthcare providers’ UT, is important for improving patient-care outcomes. Understanding whether and to what extent it is possible to modulate individuals’ perceptions and responses to medical uncertainty, can provide insights into mechanisms for support for training and education. The objectives of this review were to further characterize moderators of healthcare UT and explore moderator influences on the perceptions and responses to uncertainty experienced by healthcare professionals. Framework analysis of qualitative primary literature was conducted on 17 articles, focusing on the impacts of UT on healthcare providers. Three domains of moderators were identified and characterized relating to the healthcare provider’s personal attributes, patient-derived uncertainty and the healthcare system. These domains were further categorized into themes and subthemes. Results suggest these moderators influence perceptions and responses to healthcare uncertainty across a spectrum ranging from positive to negative to uncertain. In this way, UT could be a state-based construct within healthcare settings and is contextually determined. Our findings further characterize the integrative model of uncertainty tolerance (IMUT) (Hillen Social Science and Medicine 180, 62–75, 2017) and provide evidence for the relationship between moderators and their influences on cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses to uncertainty. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the complex nature of the UT construct, add to theory development, and provide groundwork for future research exploring appropriate support for training and education in healthcare fields.

INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY AND WORRY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 is the year when people all over the world are facing the covid 19 pandemic, during the pandemic all work activities, education and entertainment must stop to control people's movements so they don't have many activities outside the home. Lockdown requires all activities to be carried out at home, work, school as well as from home. The large number of people who died during the pandemic, and the absence of the best medicine that can cure people have added to a sense of uncertainty in society which has resulted in a level of concern for the community. This study aims to determine the impact of uncertainty intolerance on the level of anxiety that occurs during a pandemic. Worry is a logical consequence of the low ability to adapt with intolerance to uncertainty. Statistical tests show that there is a strong relationship between intolerance and uncertainty towards worry. These findings are discussed in relation to understanding the concerns.

Coping with uncertainty in clinical practice: a narrative review

Clinicians must make decisions amid the uncertainty that is ubiquitous to clinical practice. Uncertainty in clinical practice can assume many forms depending on its source, such as insufficient personal knowledge or scientific evidence, limited practical understanding or competence, challenging interpersonal relationships, and complexity and ambiguity in clinical encounters. The level and experience of uncertainty varies according to personal traits, clinical context, affective factors and sociocultural norms. Clinicians vary in their tolerance of uncertainty, and maladaptive responses may adversely affect patient care and clinician wellbeing. Various strategies can be used to minimise and manage, but not eliminate, uncertainty and to share uncertainty with patients without compromising the clinician-patient relationship or clinician credibility.

Выбор риска: намерение против действия

<p>In decision-making research, the most common point of view is the synonymous similarity of intentions and actions. Most experimental procedures “reduce” them into a single act. Understanding the conventionality of separating these concepts, we distinguish two types of tasks. The first one involves only the intention and the second one also involves its subsequent behavioral implementation. The purpose of our study is to compare the risky choice as an intention and as an action. The hypothesis of various manifestations of risk-related personality traits in choice as an intention and as an action was tested. 462 students from 17 to 46 years old (M=21.20, SD=3.09) became participants in the study, including 80 male (17.3%) and 382 female (82.7%). To measure risk as intention, the participants were offered a case describing a hypothetical gambling game. To measure risk as an action, it was proposed to play a computer game of similar content. The results of one-way ANOVA (between group measures) showed that the choice of risk at the level of intention did not allow to fix the personal correlates of the decision making, however, at the level of real actions, its correlations with the Dark Triad and Uncertainty Tolerance appeared. These empirical facts were interpreted in the logic of cognitive, motivational and socio-psychological approaches. The results obtained can be used in the field of forecasting economic risks.</p>

Making way for design thinking in the public sector: a taxonomy of strategies

Public organizations are increasingly turning to design thinking to address wicked societal issues, enhance innovation, and improve services. However, in general, public organizations do not provide the most receptive context for design thinking. To be applied effectively, design thinking requires sufficient tolerance for uncertainty, capacity for risk-taking, receptiveness to new ideas, and flexibility to learn and adapt. Public organizations, instead, favor rationality, stability, and accountability, and are therefore generally characterized as rigid and risk-averse. Additional efforts are thus required to make way for design thinking within this context. Until now, research on strategies to support the application of design thinking in a public sector context is limited. In this paper, 14 design thinking projects in the public sector were analyzed to identify these strategies, resulting in a practical framework of strategic actions to build confidence, form an alliance, generate support, enhance compatibility, and thereby enable design thinking in the public sector. Accordingly, this study contributes to the theory and practice of design thinking for public issues.

Purpose in Life and Uncertainty Tolerance in Transport University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

In a situation of ambiguity and global crisis, uncertainty tolerance, purpose or meaning in life and life values have become important factors of psychological health and adaptability of the Transport University students. The purpose of this study is to survey the levels of students’ uncertainty tolerance, purpose in life and life values.Sixty students of Saint-Petersburg State Transport University aged 18–22 participated in the survey. The following methods were used in the research: Crumbaugh and Maholic’s PIL (Purpose-in-Life Test) adapted by D. Leontyev; V.F. Sopov and L.V. Karpushina’s Morphological Test of Life Values; E.N. Osin’s adaptation of the McLane Uncertainty Tolerance Scale.The Purpose-in-Life Test have revealed average scores; at the same time, high scores have prevailed on the “Locus of Control – Life” scale. The students’ material and spiritual values proved to be in a good balance. The students’ Uncertainty Tolerance turned out to be at an average level, but the “Uncertainty Tolerance” scale have revealed either high-level or low-level scores.Uncertainty tolerance is related to life values in both males and females. A higher purpose in life tends to promote greater psychological adaptability to ambiguous situations and boosts uncertainty tolerance in general. The females’ uncertainty tolerance is connected to spiritual values, maintaining individuality, creativity, and hobbies. The males’ attitude to novelty is linked to their prestige and achievement.According to the survey, the Transport University students have an average level of uncertainty tolerance, purpose in life, and well-balanced material and spiritual values. Purpose in life is related to higher uncertainty tolerance and adaptability to ambiguous situation. There is some gender specific correlation between life values and uncertainty tolerance among males and females. Females’ attitude is more related to spiritual values whereas males are more oriented to social success.

Agency and reward across development and in autism: A free-choice paradigm.

Our ability to perform voluntary actions and make choices is shaped by the motivation from control over the resulting effects (agency) and from positive outcomes (reward). The underlying action-outcome binding mechanisms rely on sensorimotor abilities that specialise through child development and undergo different trajectories in autism. The study aimed at disentangling the role of agency and reward in driving action selection of autistic and non-autistic children and adults, who were asked to freely select one of three candies and feed the animals appearing on a tablet. The candies were associated with different probabilities of delivering a neutral vs no effect (agency task), or a positive vs neutral effect (reward task). Choices and reaction times (RT) were measured to understand whether participants preferred and were faster at selecting options with higher probability of producing a neutral vs. no effect (agency) or a positive vs. neutral effect (reward). Participants' choices and RT were not affected by agency, whereas a more frequent selection of the option with higher probability of a positive vs. neutral effect emerged across groups, thus suggesting a reward effect. Autistic participants selected less frequently the option with chance level of receiving a neutral or no effect, which could be interpreted as a sign of reduced tolerance of uncertainty. Across tasks, conditions and age groups, autistic participants presented shorter RT, which is a marker of reduced action planning and control. Future research should deepen how tolerance of uncertainty, action planning and control impact the way autistic individuals make choices in everyday life situations, potentially contributing to restricted and repetitive behaviours.

Educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty and its relationship with psychological health in wartime conditions

Introduction. Uncertainty experienced by Ukrainians as a result of the war unleashed by the Russian Federation against Ukraine necessitates the development of tolerance for uncertainty among the staff of various types of organizations, including educational institutions. Aim: to analyze the level of educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty and its relationship with their psychological health in wartime conditions. Methods. The research was carried out using a set of instruments called "Mental Health in Conditions of War", which included assessment tools and a questionnaire, which were aimed at studying various aspects of mental health of the staff of educational organizations. Results. Indicators of educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty in wartime conditions were analyzed. It was found that the most pronounced components of educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty in wartime conditions were "attitude to difficult tasks" and "preference for uncertainty". More than a quarter of the respondents had a high general index of tolerance for uncertainty. Among the components of educational staff's psychological health, the reflective-personal, emotional, and operational-functional components ("internal control") had the most significant relationship with the indicators of educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty in wartime conditions. Conclusions. In wartime conditions, the general index as well as the components of educational staff's tolerance for uncertainty (attitude to complex tasks, preference for uncertainty, and attitude to uncertain situations) have relationship with the main components of educational staff's psychological health.

Intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive fusion, coping self-efficacy and self-perceived burden in patients diagnosed with cancer.

As the proportion of older people worldwide increases, cancer cases and deaths from cancer are rising. Suffering from cancer has a profound impact on the daily lives of patients and their families. Cancer patients often perceive themselves as a burden, which affects their quality of life; therefore, this study investigated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive fusion, and self-perception as burdens and the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in patients diagnosed with cancer. In this descriptive, correlational, and structural equation modeling study, 400 patient diagnosed with cancer who were hospitalized in the oncology ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil in the first half of 2022 were selected as the sample and answered Casino etal. self-perceived burden questionnaire, Gillanders etal. cognitive fusion questionnaire, Carleton etal. uncertainty intolerance scale, and Merleau etal. cancer behavior scale. Based on the results, the fitting indices of the research conceptual model were confirmed. Intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive fusion, and coping self-efficacy had a direct and significant relationship with self-perceived burden in patients diagnosed with cancer (p<0.01); also, intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive fusion through coping self-efficacy had an indirect effect on self-perceived burden in patients diagnosed with cancer (p<0.05). Therefore, intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive fusion, and coping self-efficacy plays a substantial role in the incidence of self-perceived burden in patients diagnosed with cancer and targeting these three components by psychological therapies can reduce the perception of self-perception as burden which is effective in patients diagnosed with cancer.

An Investigation of Uncertainty Intolerance and Uncertainty Management Research in Educational Institutions: Meta-Analysis Study

Purpose: In this meta-analysis study, it was aimed to analyze uncertainty intolerance and uncertainty management researches in educational institutions using meta-analysis method.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was carried out as a type of group comparison meta-analysis, which is one of the types of meta-analysis. In the meta-evaluation, eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were reached. By combining these studies, a study was conducted on 2704 sample groups. In determining the meta-analysis model type of the research, first a funnel plot diagram was drawn for a general impression of publication bias, and then statistical calculations were carried out to reach a real conclusion. As a result of the diagram and statistical calculations, it was decided that there was no publication bias in the studies included in the meta-analysis. After determining that there was no publication bias, heterogeneity test was performed for model selection.&#x0D; Findings: As a result of the analysis, it was decided to interpret the meta-analysis according to the random effects model. Title and publication type were determined as moderators for heterogeneity. As a result of the meta-analysis, it was found that research into intolerance of uncertainty and uncertainty management in educational institutions had an average effect, the moderator effect of the theses was higher in the calculations regarding the moderator effect, and the titles of teachers and education administrators did not have any moderator effect in the title variable.&#x0D; Highlights: It was seen that the number of empirical studies on uncertainty intolerance and uncertainty management in educational institutions was few. It was determined that the studies could not provide the big picture of uncertainty management, even the effect sizes of the studies were not calculated in any of the studies, and a statistical conclusion could not be reached on whether the teachers' intolerance of uncertainty and uncertainty management perceptions work in practice. Therefore, the need to synthesize results on the effectiveness of intolerance of uncertainty and uncertainty management research emerged.

An examination of distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance of uncertainty in adults in routine psychiatric care

AimA person's ability to tolerate negative emotional states (Distress Tolerance - DT), uncertainty in their everyday lives (Intolerance of Uncertainty - IU), and a tendency to appraise their own feelings of anxiety as harmful (Anxiety Sensitivity - AS) have all been identified as vulnerability factors for anxiety and depressive disorders. However, the relationship between these variables and broader aspects of psychiatric symptom severity in participants recruited from routine care remains unclear. MethodThe Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Anxiety Sensitivity Scale-3 (ASI-3), and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Short Form (IUS-12) were administered to 91 patients receiving treatment at the Lund Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic. Data was collected from their medical records about their psychiatric history and scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The relationship between total scores on the DTS, ASI-3, IUS-12 and BSI were evaluated via correlations and regression analyses. ResultsDTS, ASI-3, and IUS-12 total scores correlated in the moderate to large range, and consistent with previous literature, were moderately to strongly correlated with the severity of self-reported depression, anxiety and overall symptoms (BSI). Regression analyses indicated that together, scores on the DTS, ASI-3 and IUS-12 explained moderate levels of variance in BSI symptom scores, with DTS scores showing the strongest associations. These findings suggest that further studies are needed to examine the construct and criterion validity of the three scales. Further validation of these Swedish-language are also warranted.

Predicting burnout in Australian mental health professionals: uncertainty tolerance, impostorism and psychological inflexibility

ABSTRACT Objective A high proportion of mental healthcare professionals experience burnout, which can impair wellbeing, lead to job withdrawal, and negatively impact client care. This study investigated the role of uncertainty tolerance, impostorism and psychological inflexibility in burnout in mental health clinicians. Method The sample consisted of 252 Australian mental health professionals, aged between 23 and 70 years (M = 38.87, SD = 10.65) and comprised primarily of psychologists (71.4.%). Participants completed a cross-sectional survey measuring burnout, dispositional intolerance of uncertainty, client care intolerance of uncertainty, psychological flexibility and impostorism. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict burnout. Results The regression model was significant and explained 47% of the variance in burnout. The predictor variables that contributed significantly to the model were dispositional intolerance of uncertainty, client care intolerance of uncertainty and psychological inflexibility. Gender, age, years of experience and impostorism did not contribute significantly to the model. Conclusions Intervention programs that specifically target dispositional intolerance of uncertainty, client care intolerance of uncertainty and psychological inflexibility may offer the potential to decrease burnout in mental health professionals.

Keep thinking about unanswered questions in primary care: Cultivating negative capability.

Negative capability or tolerance for uncertainty is important for primary care physicians. The 2022 edition of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education also states that the content of professionalism is to "keep thinking about unanswerable questions."

A Moderating Role of Social Intelligence and Creativity During Primary Career Exploration in Late Adolescence

IntroductionCareer self-exploration activities can be defined as orienting oneself in one’s own vocational interests, skills, job, and organizational characteristics and as an important career pre-decision stage (Stumpf et al., 1983). Effective career exploratory behaviors are associated with less anxiety regarding uncertainty and difficulties during first career decision-making (Storme, Celik, 2017; Xu et al., 2014). In Study 1, we showed that productive career self-exploration in adolescence is associated with a high level of tolerance for uncertainty (TU) (Chesnokova, Churbanova et al., 2022).ObjectivesThe aim of Study 2 was to compare the social intelligence (SI) and creativity (Cr) of students with high and low level career adapt-abilities applied to present and prospective future career decisions.MethodsParticipants were 67 students (15-17 years old). SI was assessed by O’Sullivan &amp; Guilford’s Tests (1966), Cr was measured by CAP consisted of Test of Divergent Thinking and Test of Divergent Feeling (Williams, 1980). Career adapt-abilities were estimated by CAAS (Savickas &amp; Porfeli, 2012; Pryazhnikov, 2016).ResultsTwo contrast clusters based on SI and Cr mediated by TU level were analysed. One cluster included students with high pragmatic motivation concerning career path choice. There were students with high TU, high SI and cognitive Cr and low level of Divergent Feeling who focusing on nearest obstacles like entrance exams and distant professional future (professional revenues, social status and on task-oriented content). They are open to new career experiences and flexible in career choice (at r .56, p .001), but they lack social intelligence’s diplomatic techniques and cognitively complicated interpersonal situational awareness. They mostly rely on academic aptitude and self-efficacy. The second cluster of students was made up of those with low TU, average to low SI, and high levels of divergent feelings. They exhibited less pragmatist motivation and active career exploratory behaviors regarding both immediate and long-term professional paths, professional values, the human aspects of potential careers, the social structure of professional society, and the need to use emotional intelligence when interacting with clients and working in teams. They rely on social support from professional representatives and teachers during their career decision making.ConclusionsIn sum, SI and Divergent feelings may be significant mediators in the development of career adaptability and realistic self-perceived confidence in task-oriented content as well as interpersonal specificity of professional social environments. To reduce stress and anxiety of prospective students, the development of self-efficacy and motivation should be given priority over just academic readiness for exams and narrow professional skills.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Abstract P6-05-11: Active surveillance versus conventional treatment in low-risk DCIS; women’s preferences in the LORD trial

Abstract Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a potential precursor to breast cancer. Its incidence has increased multifold with the introduction of breast cancer screening and makes for 20% of all malignant breast lesions in women. DCIS has the potential to progress into invasive breast cancer. However, the majority of DCIS lesions are indolent and will never progress during the patient’s lifetime. Consequently, there is a growing concern of overdiagnosis and overtreatment for women with DCIS. The LORD trial is a non-randomized, patient preference trial comparing active surveillance to conventional treatment (i.e., breast conserving surgery with or without radiotherapy or mastectomy). The primary outcome of this trial is the percentage of women without an occurrence of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer after 10 years of follow up. Within the patient preference design, women are free to opt for either treatment arm. In addition to active surveillance of the DCIS, quality of life (QOL) of women included in the LORD trial is also actively monitored. The aims of this study were to: a) describe the distribution of participants within the treatment arms, b) identify women’s motives to opt for their preferred treatment arm, and c) assess factors associated with a preference for either treatment arm. Methods: Data from the baseline patient QOL questionnaire was collected. This questionnaire was completed after the women’s diagnosis and first consultation with their physician. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the distribution in both treatment arms. Thematic analyses were used to describe self-reported reasons for treatment selection derived from the open-ended question about treatment preference. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between the patient characteristics and their preferred treatment arm. Results: In total 384 women completed the baseline questionnaire, of which 376 entered their final treatment decision. Of these women, 287 (76%) opted for active surveillance and 89 (24%) for conventional treatment. Most frequently cited reason for opting for active surveillance was that treatment was not yet necessary (55%). Also, patients’ reasons for preferring active surveillance alluded to a high level of trust in the active surveillance plan (24%) and that disease progression could be picked up and treated in a timely manner (14%). Furthermore, 11% of patients cited the advice of their healthcare professional as a reason for opting for active surveillance and 8% cited reasons relating to altruism. Most reported reasons for opting for the conventional treatment arm were avoiding unnecessary risks (26%), avoiding cancer worry (18%), the notion that what doesn’t belong, should be removed from the body (18%) and a need for closure (13%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, high level of education (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.09-4.38) and higher knowledge score (OR 1.8; 95%CI 1.07-3.02) were associated with a preference for conventional treatment. Furthermore, women opting for active surveillance more often reported the decision to be a shared decision between them and their healthcare professional (OR 2.30; 95%CI 1.18-4.47) compared to women who chose conventional treatment, who more often reported decision-making to be patient-driven. Age and tolerance of uncertainty were not significantly associated with treatment preference. Conclusion: The LORD trial is the first to actively offer women with low-risk DCIS a choice between conventional treatment and active surveillance. Within this trial, most women opt for active surveillance, even though clinical guidelines still recommend treatment for all women with DCIS. Women with low-risk DCIS report high levels of trust in their physicians and the safety of active surveillance. Their preferences also highlight the necessity to proof that de-escalating treatment of low-risk DCIS is safe. Citation Format: Renée S. Schmitz, Ellen G. Engelhardt, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Carine M. Sondermeijer, Sena Alaeikhanehshir, Ellen Verschuur, Marja van Oirsouw, Julia Houtzager, Rosalie Griffioen, Nina Bijker, Ritse M. Mann, Frederieke van Duijnhoven, Jelle Wesseling, Eveline Bleiker. Active surveillance versus conventional treatment in low-risk DCIS; women’s preferences in the LORD trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-11.

Intolerance of uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy of health care workers in response to covid 19 vaccination

IntroductionThe covid 19 pandemic was a period of uncertainty. This uncertainty was sustained even after the advent of the vaccine against covid 19. Several concerns have emerged related to the vaccine and health care workers were at the centre of this uncertainty.ObjectivesStudy intolerance of uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in relation to covid 19 vaccinationMethodsThis is a descriptive study conducted by a questionnaire posted on social networks using Google Forms targeting groups of health professionals before the launch of the vaccination campaign in Tunisia from January 16, 2021 to March 6, 2021.We collected sociodemographic data and the attitudes of health care workers about COVID 19 vaccination. We used Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale short form (IUS 12) to evaluate the intolerance of uncertainty related to COVID 19 vaccineResultsOur study included 168 health care workers represented mainly by medical personnel (81% of the respondents). The average age was 34 ±10 years and sex ratio was 0.22.Sixty percent (60%) of population were hesitant in front of the COVID 19 vaccine.This hesitancy was explained in 90% of cases by the insecurity of the new COVID19 vaccine. Thirty-seven percent (37%) doubted the efficacy of these vaccines and 22% trivialized COVID19 by expressing the worthlessness of preventing this disease.The mean score for intolerance of uncertainty was 26.57 ± 9.68 and a median of 26. The minimum score was 10 and the maximum score was 50. We found a significant association between intolerance of uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy (p=0.034). Subjects with higher uncertainty intolerance scores were less hesitant in front of COVID19 vaccination.ConclusionsIntolerance of uncertainty is a consideration when introducing a new covid 19 vaccine to health care workers and in a pandemic contextDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Phenomenology of the scientific system of Kazakhstan: a study of social and economic effects through the Hofstede’s five-dimensional model of cultural space and beyond

The cultural model of science and the scientific system of Kazakhstan are theorized and updated for the first time in our research, and this study extends Hofstede’s five-dimensional model of cultural space specifically in the context of the scientific system. The methodology involves employing Hofstede’s dimensions – Power Distance, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-Term versus Short-Term Orientation – as a heuristic tool to evaluate the attributes of scientific culture in Kazakhstan. In this way, we shed light on how scientists in Kazakhstan interact with the prevailing cultural norms and expectations, offering a detailed view of culturally embedded scientific practices. To clarify, the five dimensions are adapted in the following manner: Firstly, Scientific Power Distance pertains to the degree of hierarchical authority within scientific institutions. High power distance in this setting implies a significant disparity between junior and senior researchers, thereby affecting the dynamics of collaboration and innovation. Secondly, Scientific Individualism-Collectivism measures the extent to which the scientific culture either fosters individual achievement and originality or prioritizes group cooperation. Thirdly, Scientific Masculinity-Femininity assesses the predominance of either competitive (Masculine) or collaborative (Feminine) traits within the scientific community. Fourthly, Scientific Uncertainty Avoidance deals with the community’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity, indicating whether there’s a preference for structured environments. Lastly, Scientific Long-Term Orientation gauges the focus of scientific endeavors, whether they aim for immediate outputs or invest in long-term research. The Kazakhstan scientific system is thus situated within this adapted framework of five dimensions, providing an intricate mapping of how cultural attributes impact scientific pursuits in the country. The importance of cultural phenomenology in the scientific domain comes from its focus on the observation and interpretation of the cultural factors that influence scientific thinking, progress, and implementation. It recognizes that science is not an isolated activity but is deeply entrenched in societal and cultural systems. In the specific context of Kazakhstan, a country experiencing rapid socio-economic changes, the scientific system is not only shaped by various facets of cultural identity but also makes substantial contributions to socio-economic development. Regarding the empirical findings of this study, the data illustrates the profound economic impact of the scientific system in Kazakhstan. From increased R&amp;D investment to job creation and attracting significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the scientific system appears to make a direct and meaningful contribution to the nation’s economic growth and development. In conclusion, these findings suggest that there is a positive trajectory for the scientific culture in Kazakhstan, contributing both to socio-economic conditions and to the global scientific community.

COVID-19 Döneminde Devlet Üniversitelerinde Akademik Personele Yönelik Uygulanan İnsan Kaynakları Stratejileri

After the first detection of Covid-19 in Turkey on March 11, 2020, when health concerns were high, services had to continue without interruption. This requirement made the effective use of HRM critical, and HR strategies suitable for the Covid-19 period had to be developed. Especially in higher education institutions, which are the places where these strategies are produced in the theoretical sense, it arouses curiocity that which strategies are applied to academic staff. In this context, the study aims to reveal the human resources strategies implemented by state universities for academic staff during the Covid-19 period. In the study, 12 personnel department heads working in universities are selected as a sample from URAP success lists through purposive sampling. Qualitative content analyzes are conducted on the data obtained by applying the sampling semi-structured interview technique. Data visualization is made with MAXQDA 2020. As a result of the study, it is determined that digital HRM and virtual meeting strategies are applied to academic staff during the Covid-19 period. It is determined that talent management practices, organizational agility, cyber security, online training, remote auditing, uncertainty tolerance, and flexibility strategies are implemented to a certain a degree.

Aversion, interpretation and determinability: Three factors of uncertainty that may play a role in psychopathology.

This opinion piece considers the construct of tolerance of uncertainty and suggests that it should be viewed in the context of three psychological factors: uncertainty aversion, uncertainty interpretation, and uncertainty determinability. Uncertainty aversion refers to a dislike of situations in which the outcomes are not deterministic and is similar to conventional conceptions of (in)tolerance of uncertainty. Uncertainty interpretation refers to the extent to which variability in an observed outcome is interpreted as random fluctuation around a relatively stable base-rate versus frequent and rapid changes in the base-rate. Uncertainty determinability refers to the (actual or perceived) capacity of the individual to generate any meaningful expectancy of the uncertain outcome, which may be undeterminable if predictions are updated too quickly. We argue that uncertainty interpretation and determinability are psychological responses to the experience of probabilistic events that vary among individuals and can moderate negative affect experienced in response to uncertainty. We describe how individual differences in basic parameters of associative learning (modelled by a simple learning window) could lead to this variation. To explain these hypotheses, we utilise the distinction between aleatory uncertainty (the inherent unpredictability of individual stochastic events) and epistemic uncertainty (obtainable knowledge that the individual lacks or perceives to be lacking). We argue that when expectancies are updated quickly, epistemic uncertainty will dominate the individual's representation of the events around them, leading to a subjective experience of the world as one that is volatile and unpredictable.