Tolerant Attitude Research Articles

Стереотипы межконфессиональных взаимодействий сибиряков

The successful term “stereotype” was substantiated by the journalist W. Lippman and became firmly established in scientific use. Researchers have studied the processes of stereotypes functioning. This is an important part ofthe collective consciousness, protecting a person from unfamiliar information. Stereotypes help save time and life resources for processing new information. But the negative side of stereotypes lies in the creation of mental templates for the perception of reality. It is easier for a group to simplify information than to waste time understanding the essence of another’s otherness. Information that contradicts stereotypical patterns is ignored, simplified, and distorted in terms of content. “We-group” begins to aggressively defend the meanings of its stereotypes from an alternative opinion. The opponent can be subjected to harassment and physical destruction. The structure of stereotypes and scenarios of stereotyping are considered by us from the standpoint of structuralism. “We-group” is socially differentiated. For extras and dominant members of the group, the rules of the social game are written. The meaning of the stereotype can turn into a tool for managing citizens, into a weapon against members of the “they-group”. The spontaneous part of the process of stereotyping lies in the routine existence of stereotypes, with the help of which people explain the complex phenomena of life. It is a routine practice of inventing and reinforcing language clichés. The manageable part of stereotyping is the use of these clichés for political gain. “We-group” is always in a state of stereotypical attitude. The group can choose a stereotyping scenario – a scenario of tolerant neighborhood or a scenario of negative solidarity. The first determines the path of development of a tolerant attitude towards non-Christians, the search for new knowledge about the culture of “outsiders”, the development of practices of new socio-cultural experience. The second is the way of intensifying intercultural and interfaith tension, leading to armed conflicts. The reason for interfaith conflicts is the use of creeds for personal gain. At the everyday level, conflicts arise due to cultural incompetence, the simplification of knowledge about the culture of “strangers”. In Siberia, despite the existence of stereotypes, interfaith relations are peaceful. This is emphasized by the heroes of in-depth interviews representing different confessions. Their perception of non-Christian neighbors is based on an understanding of personal merit, and not on a stereotyped understanding. Spiritual leaders confirm the idea of intercultural rapprochement of Siberians as members of a multi-confessional community. Tolerance is a social practice of neighborhood that develops the spiritual sphere of community life.

Pendidikan Inklusi dalam Al-Qur’an Q.S Abasa Ayat 1-11

The background is that education is a basic need for every human being, but some individuals do not receive appropriate education. Children who appear with physical differences, abilities and attitudes that are different from humans in general are often discriminated against in the education system. Building an attitude of tolerance will be effective through inclusive education in schools. The concept of inclusive education in Islamic teachings is found in the Al-Quran, which explains that humans on this earth were created with various races, ethnicities, nationalities, genders, religions and different abilities to know, appreciate and respect regardless of existing differences. In this scientific work, the researcher used the library research method by exploring various references related to the topic of discussion, namely analysis of the concept of inclusive education in the Al-Quran, Surah Abasa verses 1-11. By understanding the value of the concept of inclusive education in the Koran, you can build an attitude of social tolerance regardless of differences. Where equitable education can enable all children to have the opportunity to participate fully in regular activities regardless of any abnormalities.

Islamic Religious Education Social Competence of Teachers in Increasing Students' Tolerant Attitudes: Qualitative Study in State High Schools of Jambi City

This research describes the efforts of Islamic religious education teachers to increase students' attitudes of tolerance and the social competence of Islamic religious education teachers as contributors to increasing students' attitudes of tolerance. The author's approach in this research is qualitative; the type of research is descriptive research analysis. The research location is State High School X, Jambi City. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Determining research subjects used Snowball sampling. Data analysis techniques were carried out using data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verifying research results' trustworthiness using extended participation techniques, careful observation, data triangulation, and supervisor consultation. The results of this research refer to the social competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers as a factor that encourages students at State High School X Jambi City to increase their tolerance attitudes as well as the efforts made by teachers to increase students' tolerance attitudes, the need for an attitude of tolerance in various aspects, including tolerance in different opinions, or differences in religion, different ethnicities and cultures which makes it a benchmark that an attitude of tolerance is needed by every Indonesian citizen who has a variety of cultures, ethnicities and religions and as a solution in dealing with ethnic, cultural and religious differences in the school, community and state environment.

A country that has successfully implemented multicultural education: A case study of Jews in Ukraine

Relevance. The relevance of studying the successful experience of multicultural education on the example of the Jewish community of Ukraine is justified by the importance of forming the educational sector within the framework of the modern, tolerant and inclusive world. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to investigate the ways in which the Ukrainian state successfully implements the principles of multicultural education, considering the main aspects that promote mutual understanding and harmonious coexistence of different cultural groups. Methodology. The research methodology is presented by the method of synthesis, cultural, conceptual and structural analyses. Results. The study reveals the factors of successful implementation of multicultural education by the Ukrainian Jewish community, based on mutual respect, openness to diversity and the use of personal experience as a means of building a common future. Key aspects include creating a favourable environment for learning and interacting between cultures, as well as using historical experience to build tolerant attitudes. The findings underline that being open to difference contributes to creating an environment in which each ethnic group feels valued and is encouraged to engage in learning and sharing experiences. The results of the article point to the importance of considering the historical context, supporting cultural identity and developing positive attitudes towards diversity, which can contribute to peaceful coexistence in today�s inclusive world. Conclusions. The study underscores the importance of well-trained teachers in multicultural education to effectively integrate these concepts into teaching. It also emphasizes the crucial role of financial and organizational support from specialized foundations and community centers in providing resources for developing multicultural education programs. The results of the study can be used as an example for other countries aimed at improving multicultural education and the coexistence of different ethnic and cultural groups. Keywords: tolerance; diversity; development; historical experience; ethnic identity

Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama di Pondok Pesantren At Tahdzib Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang

The emergence of the term religious moderation in Indonesia in recent times is closely related to various phenomena of intolerance, radicalism, and terrorism that occur in Indonesia. Moderation is a life view that always prioritizes the attitude of tolerance and always takes the middle road from two opposing attitudes. Islamic boarding schools are an integral part of the institutions that exist in Indonesia which instill religious values and practices in their students for the advancement of national development. As a subculture rooted in Islamic culture in Indonesia, Education in boarding schools, not only provides educational facilities and practices, but also instills a number of values or norms. One of them is the Islamic boarding school At-Tahdzib Rejoagung in Ngoro district. The Islamic boarding school At-Tahdzib as an educational institution has proven to be quite excellent in producing generations of the nation who have good character. One of the proofs is the large number of alumni of At-Tahdzib pesantren who are trusted by the community to become educators in various formal and non-formal educational institutions. This is certainly inseparable from the role of kiai leadership who are also teachers in the educational process. The role of leadership is an attitude and behavior in influencing human resources, so that they are willing to carry out their duties to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently. This study aims to examine the leadership of kiai in instilling the values of religious moderation in Islamic boarding schools. More specifically, this article intends to identify strategies and analyze the influence of kiai leadership in instilling the values of religious moderation at the Islamic boarding school At Tahdzib Ngoro Jombang

Satellite fault tolerant attitude control based on expert guided exploration of reinforcement learning agent

ABSTRACT This research provides a method that accelerates learning and avoids local minima to improve the policy gradient algorithm’s learning process. Reinforcement learning has the advantage of not requiring a model. Consequently, it can improve control performance, mainly when a model is generally unavailable, such as when an error occurs. The proposed method efficiently and expeditiously investigates the action space. First, it quantifies the resemblance between agents’ and traditional controllers’ actions. Then, the principal reward function is modified to reflect this similarity. This reward-shaping mechanism guides the agent to maximize its return via an attractive force during the gradient ascent. To validate our concept, we establish a satellite attitude control environment with a similarity subsystem. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.

Harmonizing Religious Diversity: Exploring Effective Intercultural Communication in Dukuh Sampetan Village

Religious tolerance is important to be instilled and carried out in building an interaction relationship in order to avoid divisions that can lead to conflict in society. The existence of a tolerant attitude towards religious differences and is expected to encourage the creation of a peaceful situation so as to create harmony in the interaction of people of different religions. In addition, it is also necessary to foster good harmonious communication so that it can form an understanding that leads to unity. Dukuh Sampetan is one of the dukuhs in Sampetan Village whose people consist of various religions, namely Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. This research uses qualitative research and the theory used is Effective Intercultural Workgroup Communication Theory. This research discusses cultural diversity, which means religious diversity in community groups in Sampetan Village in forming group communication that is able to achieve decisions, satisfaction and effectiveness of group performance in fostering tolerance between religious communities. The conclusion in this study is that communication that occurs in social life in Dukuh Sampetan runs effectively so that religious tolerance exists there is indeed true, seen from the forms of communication seen from general activities, communication that is usually carried out and religious activities.

PENGUATAN INTEGRITAS PANCASILA DAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA PADA ANAK USIA PENDIDIKAN DASAR

ABSTRACT; Integrity is a concrete step in forming a positive personality, one of which is an attitude of honesty. Integrity is needed to strengthen character development based on the values, norms and philosophical meaning of Pancasila as the state ideology. The focus of this research is on steps to emphasize the integrity of Pancasila which is emphasized on children of primary education age who are in the school environment, family environment or community environment. Instilling Pancasila integrity is very important as a way to foster religious tolerance as early as possible in children's interactions with their friends. The formulation of the problem in this research is first, what are the steps to strengthen the integrity of Pancasila in elementary school age children?; secondly, how can the integrity of Pancasila contribute to attitudes of religious tolerance in elementary school age children? The research method uses descriptive qualitative, namely in the form of comprehensive information collection. The results of the research show that the manifestation of an attitude of Pancasila integrity in religious tolerance among children of elementary school age can be done by respecting friends of different religions, working together to maintain the cleanliness of the classroom and the surrounding environment, and helping each other and prioritizing common interests.

Attitudes of students towards joint educational programs with students with disabilities

Introduction. The attitude of healthy students to joint educational programs with disabled students plays a decisive role in creating psychological safety in the educational environment. The study aims to analyze the attitude of healthy students to joint educational programs with students with disabilities. Materials and methods. The study was part of the state program of Voronezh Oblast ‘Accessible Environment’, commissioned by Voronezh regional rehabilitation center for young disabled people and based at Voronezh State Industrial and Humanitarian College (N=1000 people, 46.3% male and 53.7% female). A questionnaire was created to identify opinions about the totality of opportunities and abilities for disabled citizens and about the formation of socially tolerant and psychologically safe relationships. Questioning, analysis, generalization, grouping, comparison, mathematical statistics (Spearman's ρ; principal component method) were used. Results. As the main factor, the analysis revealed tolerant relationships which do not depend on age, gender, and place of residence and are formed in communication. Semantic analysis of students' understanding of tolerance in interaction with people with disabilities includes five TOP-words: 1. Respect 255 (9.6%), 2. Attitude 116 (4.4%), 3. Understanding 113 (4.3%), 4. As towards ordinary people 65 (2.5%), 5. Respect and compassion 18 (0.7%). Discussion. In comparable Russian and foreign studies, the results and basic prerequisites for personal attitudes towards disability, healthy students’ ideas about possible types of relationships with students with disabilities and the degree of their readiness to establish equal and tolerant interpersonal relationships are similar to ours. Conclusion. Students who have experience of studying together with people with disabilities are less characterized by social barriers and segregation of support, compassion and a desire to help, and to a much greater extent by an equal and tolerant attitude, a desire to cooperation and partnership.

Interaksi Sosial Antar-Etnis dan Nilai Budaya Dalam Membangun Toleransi dan Kewarganegaraan Siswa di Sekolah Multikultural

This research examines the dynamics of social interaction between ethnic groups and the influence of cultural values ​​on the formation of attitudes of tolerance and good citizenship among students in a multicultural school environment. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to collect data from students and teachers in several ethnically diverse schools. The research results show that positive social interactions between students of various ethnicities promote understanding and appreciation of each other's cultural values, which is an important foundation in building tolerance. Furthermore, curricular and extracurricular activities designed to celebrate diversity are important instruments in developing students' citizenship. However, research also reveals barriers, such as prejudice and stereotypes, that need to be overcome through effective pedagogical approaches. Recommendations include developing inclusive learning programs, training teachers to manage diversity in the classroom, and integrating best practices between schools. This research provides insight into the importance of multicultural education in creating a harmonious society in the context of rich ethnic diversity.

What If I Were the Exile? Linking Past and Present for Democratic History Teaching with Pre-Service Educators

The academic literature has fostered a debate in recent decades regarding the concept of historical empathy and the typology of activities that can help to treat and develop it, although there is no consensus as to the real effectiveness of narrative activities of a descriptive type that involve the projection of the person into the past. The aim of this research was to check whether the implementation of a programme that uses historical contextualisation, contact with primary testimonies, the use of sources and historical empathy, linking the situation of the exiles of the Spanish Civil War with the current refugees, can contribute to the development of tolerant attitudes towards the figure of the displaced in pre-service teachers and the degree to which these attitudes are modified after the application of the programme. The research design is quantitative and corresponds to a quasi-experimental design with a control and experimental group. A questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of 101 pre-service teachers at a Spanish university towards refugees. The questionnaire was completed at two different times, before and after a historical empathy exercise on the exiles of the Spanish Civil War. The results indicate that programmes using historical contextualisation, testimonies close to refugees and historical empathy relating the situation of refugees to that of the exiles of the Spanish Civil War can contribute to increasing and/or reinforcing positive attitudes towards refugees in pre-service teachers.

Values of Religious Moderation in Shaping Student Morals At SDN Kayukebek I Pasuruan

Starting from the phenomenon of widespread cases of radicalism, morals, extremism, which have often occurred recently, making parents and teachers very concerned about the character or attitude of their children and students, where we often see bullying and even hate speech between fellow believers. religious or inter-religious.
 The theoretical framework in this research uses behavioristic theory, regarding habituation. Meanwhile, the research method used in this thesis is a type of qualitative descriptive field research with a phenomenological approach
 The results of the research are the author's findings in the field as well as answers to the problem formulation: 1. The process of internalizing the values ​​of religious moderation in shaping the morals of students at SDN Kayukebek I Pasuruan goes through several processes, namely: first through justice, including: balanced portions in religious activities, working together in clean Saturday activities, religious activities for each adherent of the religion such as commemorations religious holidays, second, the process of internalizing the values ​​of religious moderation in shaping students' morals through tolerance, namely: the attitude of students who respect each other both for fellow religious believers and between religious communities, third, the process of internalizing the values ​​of religious moderation in shaping students' morals through civility, namely: attitude of prioritizing manners and morals in interactions. 2. Implications of Internalizing the Values ​​of Religious Moderation in Shaping Student Morals at SDN Katukebek I Tutur Pasuruan, including: attitudes of justice, attitudes of tolerance and attitudes of civility and courtesy. 3 Supporting and Inhibiting Factors, including: Supporting factors, namely: School, Environment, Family, Community. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include: School, Family and Community.

How can we promote vaccination of the mass population?-Lessons from the COVID-19 vaccination defaults.

While vaccines are pivotal in combating COVID-19, concerns about side effects and complex procedures have hindered complete vaccination. Prior studies suggest that individuals defaulted to opt-out exhibit higher COVID-19 vaccination rates compared to those in opt-in systems. However, these studies were conducted in countries with a tolerant attitude towards vaccination and default changes, targeting specific age groups, and did not address potential deterrents like the increase in cancellation rates on the day, discomfort towards changing defaults, or the possibility of the opt-out effect being a one-time occurrence. Under the hypothesis that the default nature of the COVID-19 vaccination system influences attitudes towards vaccination even in countries conservative about vaccination and default changes like in Japan, we aimed to examine the differences in the first and second dose vaccination rates, cancellation rates, and the number of complaints between the opt-in and opt-out systems for COVID-19 vaccination. An email survey was conducted in 10 cities in A Prefecture, Japan. The results showed not only higher COVID-19 vaccination rates across all comparable age groups in the opt-out group but also a notably smaller decrease in the second-dose vaccination rate compared to the opt-in group, all achieved without any complaints about the system's introduction. Consequently, it can be inferred that the potential inhibiting factors were largely overcome. Despite some limitations, such as regional specificity, the study suggests that opt-out systems might increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage without leading to significant cancellations or complaints, presenting a promising strategy to facilitate vaccination efforts.

Religious and Cultural Diversity: The Chinese Village Community of Padang City

Kampung Cina is known as an area with cultural and religious diversity in carrying out daily life activities. This diversity certainly has differences in life. The purpose of this research is to analyze the diversity of religion and culture in the community in Kampung Cina in Padang City. Theoretical analysis uses pluralism theory or interculturalism theory. Pluralism theory highlights the existence of diverse beliefs and values in society that coexist harmoniously, while interculturalism theory emphasizes the importance of intercultural interaction and exchange to create better understanding among different groups. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection methods were carried out in three stages, namely participant observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. Data analysis used the Milles and Huberman analysis model. The results of this study indicate that the people of Kampung Cina Padang City live side by side and do not cause conflict. The attitude of tolerance between religions and cultures is very strong and creates a harmonious life. In addition, people live in harmony with each other and have an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ТОЛЕРАННОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article raises the problem and emphasizes the relevance of the formation of individual tolerance in modern conditions. In particular, the aim of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of the formation of pedagogical tolerance of future elementary school teachers in the conditions of martial law, which is achieved by applying a set of appropriate methods (analysis of philosophical, pedagogical and psychological literature; study and generalization of pedagogical experience, etc.). The presented research specifies and substantiates the essence the concept of «tolerance» - a means of achieving educational and educational tasks; one of the leading goals of the education process and «professional tolerance» is an integrated characteristic, a professionally important quality. The main signs of tolerant thinking are defined: the ability to take a person's point of view - decentration as opposed to infantile egocentrism; the ability to identify essential and minor features in the object being evaluated; the ability to ambivalence in the perception of an object, in which a person can see both positive and negative characteristics at the same time, as opposed to black and white univalent perception; the ability to establish similarities and differences between the same objects on different grounds, forming different groups; flexibility of thinking, which consists in the readiness to change one's ideas about the object in connection with the received new information. The essence, structure and functions of pedagogical tolerance of future primary school teachers are considered. The main ways of its formation during the education of students in a higher education institution are outlined. The importance of the teacher's guidance on the formation of a tolerant attitude towards others in younger schoolchildren is emphasized. The main ways of developing the professional tolerance of future teachers in higher education are outlined: the systematic formation of a stable position in students regarding strict compliance with the requirements of pedagogical ethics, the understanding of the unconditional value of each child, regardlessof his nationality, faith and level of development; organization of tolerant interaction during classes, group and collective educational and extracurricular activities of students; intercultural content of pedagogical education, in particular academic disciplines related to art; directing students to the formation of tolerance skills in children.

Perceptions of and attitudes toward the issue of ethical behavior in academic work in higher education and factors contributing to it: A review of studies

Relevance. Today, the topic of academic integrity is quite relevant among the scientific and educational communities, and it is based on the fact that ethical behavior in academic work in higher educational institutions is an effective tool that ensures the quality of higher education from the point of view of international standards. The issue of academic cheating in higher education institutions has become globalized, which has forced researchers to focus on the study of academic ethics from different perspectives.Purpose. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the perception and attitude of teachers and students toward the issue of ethical behavior in academic work, as well as factors that contribute to solving the problem of plagiarism.Methodology. The following scientific methods were used during the research: structural-functional method, method of synthesis, logical and comparative analysis, and method of generalization.Results. The study showed that students' attitudes toward the issue of ethical behavior in academic work are similar due to various institutional, socio-cultural, and personal factors, as well as the fact that some individuals have no idea about plagiarism. It has been shown that a number of factors can lead to a problem of ethical behavior in academic work, and no taxonomy can explain either all these factors, how they affect the problem, or how it manifests itself. The study shows that students do not feel guilty for missing classes and using other people's work on their own. Most people demand a tolerant attitude towards plagiarism and accept the practice of passing off other people's tasks and Internet sources as their own.Conclusions. The practical significance of the work is that all theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations can be used in educational institutions by teachers and students to increase their level of knowledge about ethical behavior in academic work.

MAKNA SOSIAL-RELIGIUS SEBAGAI NILAI KONSELING ISLAM DALAM TRADISI KETOG SEMPRONGDI KABUPATEN TABANAN BALI

Humans as social creatures must always maintain good relationships with others because it is an
 obligation that must be carried out. Just as tradition can create a society that
 has a social spirit, so
 that social relations can create harmony in people's lives. From observing the conditions above,
 researchers examined various facts regarding the socio
 -
 religious meaning of Islamic counseling
 values
 in the Ketog Semprong tradition
 in Tabanan Regency, Bali. The aim of this research is to
 describe the procession of the Ketog Semprong tradition and to describe the socio
 -
 religious
 meaning of Islamic counseling values
 in the Ketog Semprong tradition in Tabanan Regency, Bali.
 In the re
 search method to obtain comprehensive information and data, this research uses a
 qualitative research approach with the type of ethnographic qualitative research. The results of the
 research show that: First, the Ketog Semprong traditional procession in Ta
 banan district, Bali, has
 three processions, namely joint prayer, megibung sagi or eating together, and art performances.
 And secondly, the social
 -
 religious meaning as an Islamic counseling value in the Ketog Semprong
 tradition in Tabanan district, Bali. T
 here are two Islamic counseling values
 that exist in this
 tradition, namely the first, spiritual values
 such as praying together, and the second, your values.
 'Amalah or social such as an attitude of mutual sharing, an attitude of affection, an attitud
 e of
 mutual cooperation in the form of mutual assistance, an attitude of tolerance in religion so that it
 can foster harmony, and finally an attitude of togetherness. All these attitudes can foster harmony
 and happiness which can be used as provisions for
 social life.

Socio-Cultural Based Religious Moderation Among the Young Muslim Generation in Arjawinangun Cirebon

Indonesia's diverse society demands a tolerant attitude. However, it is a paradox in Indonesia's diverse society that the emergence of intolerant attitudes, radicalism and extremism, especially those targeting the millennial generation, is very worrying, for this reason it is necessary to build a moderate understanding. From this background, researchers are interested in examining socio-culturally based religious moderation in the millennial generation in Arjawanangun Cirebon. Researchers use qualitative field methods with a phenomenological approach. Religious moderation occurs in the socio-cultural aspects of society, such as participating in social, religious, youth activities, commemorating national holidays, weddings, while still paying attention to the limits of tolerance. Karang Taruna organizations are a forum for interfaith youth interaction. The religious tolerance of the millennial generation cannot be separated from the role of education in the family which has been instilled by their parents for generations.

The role of teachers in developing multicultural education of religious tolerance in primary schools: literature study

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in developing tolerance among students. Tolerance is the ability to appreciate differences and resolve conflicts peacefully. Teachers have a very important role in shaping this attitude of tolerance through an inclusive learning approach, fostering universal values, and providing examples of tolerance behavior in everyday life. This research is a qualitative research with literature study. The subject and instrument of this research is the researcher himself by searching for relevant sources. Data were collected through content analysis which involved several steps, such as determining the problem, developing a framework, developing methodological tools, data analysis, and data interpretation. The research findings show that teachers who practice multicultural education-oriented learning approaches and integrate subject matter with tolerance values are able to have a significant impact in shaping students' tolerance attitudes. This multicultural education aims to appreciate and understand diversity in society.

Should leaders “keep the flowers blooming” or just “keep the cogwheels greased?” Estonian soldiers’ perceptions of the role of a military leader

ABSTRACT Using qualitative content analysis, this article focuses on the question of how conscripts in the Estonian Defense Forces perceive a good military leader. We found that interpersonal competency was the most desirable trait, followed by leadership competency, highlighting the value placed on human-centered approaches rather management skills, at least in training situations. The article concludes that the younger generation needs reasoning and individual consideration above all, and value the balance between a demanding and tolerant attitude, which creates a natural followership for leaders.