Phenomenon Of Tolerance Research Articles

Antibiotic tolerance among clinical isolates: mechanisms, detection, prevalence, and significance.

SUMMARYAntibiotic treatment failures in the absence of resistance are not uncommon. Recently, attention has grown around the phenomenon of antibiotic tolerance, an underappreciated contributor to recalcitrant infections first detected in the 1970s. Tolerance describes the ability of a bacterial population to survive transient exposure to an otherwise lethal concentration of antibiotic without exhibiting resistance. With advances in genomics, we are gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind tolerance, and several studies have sought to examine the clinical prevalence of tolerance. Attempts have also been made to assess the clinical significance of tolerance through in vivo infection models and prospective/retrospective clinical studies. Here, we review the data available on the molecular mechanisms, detection, prevalence, and clinical significance of genotypic tolerance that span ~50 years. We discuss the need for standardized methodology and interpretation criteria for tolerance detection and the impact that methodological inconsistencies have on our ability to accurately assess the scale of the problem. In terms of the clinical significance of tolerance, studies suggest that tolerance contributes to worse outcomes for patients (e.g., higher mortality, prolonged hospitalization), but historical data from animal models are varied. Furthermore, we lack the necessary information to effectively treat tolerant infections. Overall, while the tolerance field is gaining much-needed traction, the underlying clinical significance of tolerance that underpins all tolerance research is still far from clear and requires attention.

Investigating group A Streptococcus antibiotic tolerance in necrotizing fasciitis.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a difficult-to-treat bacterial infection associated with high morbidity and mortality despite extensive surgery and targeted antibiotic treatment. Difficult-to-treat infections are often characterized by the presence of bacteria surviving prolonged antibiotic exposure without displaying genetic resistance, referred to as persisters. In the present study, we investigated the presence of GAS persisters in tissue freshly debrided from patients as well as in an in vivo mouse model of NF and examined the phenomenon of antibiotic tolerance. Time-lapse imaging of GAS plated directly upon isolation from NF debrided tissue and an antibiotic challenge-based persisters assay were used to assess the presence of persisters. We show for the first time that GAS recovered directly from freshly debrided NF tissue is characterized by heterogeneous and overall delayed colony appearance time, suggesting the presence of persisters. Acidic pH or nutrient stress exposure, mimicking the NF-like environment in vitro, led to a similar phenotypic heterogeneity and resulted in enhanced survival upon antibiotic challenge, confirming the presence of GAS persisters. GAS persisters might contribute to NF treatment failure, despite extensive surgery and adequate antibiotic treatment.IMPORTANCEDifficult-to-treat and recurrent infections are a global problem burdening society and the health care system alike. Unraveling the mechanisms by which bacteria can survive antibiotic treatment without developing genetic resistance is of utmost importance to lay the foundation for new, effective therapeutic approaches. For the first time, we describe the phenomenon of antibiotic tolerance in group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolated from necrotizing fasciitis (NF) patients. Dormant, non-replicating cells (persisters) are tolerant to antibiotics and their occurrence in vivo is reported in an increasing number of bacterial species. Tailored treatment options, including the use of persisters-targeting drugs, need to be developed to specifically target dormant bacteria causing difficult-to-treat and recurrent infections.

Occurrence of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: A Multigene Approach

A sustainable food system ensures food security and nourishment for future generations. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) requires emergence stress tolerance for successful cultivation in germination and early establishment stages. According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) study, rice is one of the most important worldwide cereal crops and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Over the past few years, drastic climatic changes have been subjected to many abiotic and biotic stresses. Global estimates express that a total of 1000 million hectares of cultivated land is affected by abiotic and biotic stress. Besides this around 30% of the irrigated land area is also disturbed. This review discusses the mechanisms of stress-tolerant variants and understanding the recent developments of complex tolerance phenomena. Here, we have compiled the logical pieces as evidence of successful applications of potent molecular tools for boosting stress tolerance in rice, their prospects and limitation. This information would help researchers better understand the genetic enhancement of stress tolerance in rice.

Conditions for Training Future Teachers on a Tolerant Basis: A Sociological Analysis in Case of Kazakhstan

This article discusses the main conditions and features of the formation of pedagogical tolerance among future teachers. The phenomena of tolerance and social distance are studied, problematic aspects in the field of pedagogical tolerance formation are considered, ways of their solution are proposed. The data of the Committee for the Protection of Children's Rights of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the international rating Kids Rights Index, the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used. The theoretical concepts and methodology of the Emory Bogardus scale of social distance are considered. The article also discusses theoretical approaches to the formation of tolerant values among students – future teachers and their practical implementation in the educational process of the university. Pedagogical tolerance is understood as a value, the formation of which is facilitated by conditions whose effectiveness has been confirmed experimentally. Received: 9 February 2023 / Accepted: 29 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Cannabis addiction in Tunisia: sociodemographic profile and neuropsychological complications

IntroductionCannabis consumption constitutes a public health problem both because of its serious repercussions and complications and the psychological and social problems it causes.ObjectivesOur objective was to assess the level of cannabis dependence in consumers receiving care at the Sfax detoxification center in Tunisia, to describe the sociodemographic profile of these consumers and the neuropsychological complications that may be caused.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, over a period of 13 months (September 2020 to October 2021), among cannabis users consulting the Sfax detoxification center in Tunisia. We used the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) in order to detect a “problematic” cannabis use, along with a clinical information sheet to collect epidemiological and clinical data. All patients gave their free and informed oral consent to participate in the survey while ensuring anonymity.ResultsWe included 38 patients. The average age was 26 years old with a median age of starting cannabis use at 17 years old. The sex ratio was 8.5 with an over-representation of men. Most of the subjects were single, lived with their family and had a secondary school education. Consumption was daily for the majority of patients (68.5%) with an average quantity of 4 joints/day. According to the CAST scale, 36 users (94.7%) had problematic cannabis use. The factors favouring cannabis consumption were stress and anxiety in 34 patients (89.5%) followed by depression and the festive atmosphere in 14 subjects (36.8%) each. Among the participants, 26.3% had a psychiatric history including depression (5.3%), a psychopathic personality disorder (10.5%) and cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (10.5%). History of psychiatric hospitalization and history of suicide attempt were found in 21.1% and 26.3% of the patients respectively. Concerning the complications caused by cannabis, 68.4% of the patients described a phenomenon of tolerance, while 63.2% reported the sensation of craving. Psychotic symptoms such as delirium and/or hallucinations were found in 6 patients (15.8%) and 8 subjects (21.1%) reported a history of overdose in the form of cannabis psychosis. Chronic complications were an amotivational syndrome (63.2%) and social disintegration (52.6%). Treatment of cannabis dependence was considered effective with total withdrawal in 31.6% of subjects. Weaning was partial in 42.1% of the patients.ConclusionsCannabis use is emerging as one among many interacting factors that can affect psychological and physical health, with an impact on various levels including mood, neurocognition and general health. Although studies have shown functional brain mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabis, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Overall, treatment for substance use disorders generally prevents these complications and improves prognosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Deux cents ans d’histoire des usages et mésusages du protoxyde d’azote

Deux cents ans d’histoire des usages et mésusages du protoxyde d’azote

ISLAMIC TOLERANCE: CONCEPTUALITY, CONTEXTUALITY, PRACTICE

The article examines the phenomenon of Islamic tolerance in the context of the value-based cultural paradigm of Islam. Based on sociological studies of the Arab Barometer of Public Opinion of Muslims living in the countries of the Islamic world, the interpretation of tolerance as a key value is given. The authors provide respondents' opinions on problematic issues related to Islamic identity and gender issues. The authors believe that Islamic tolerance is a multifaceted phenomenon that includes spirituality, moral imperatives, and a philosophy of mutual understanding. The article reveals the importance of tolerance for developing dialogue in interfaith relations. The Arab Barometer is a marker of the level of Islamic tolerance. The significance of Islamic tolerance lies in its formation of ideological and tolerant attitudes.

Tolerance in the student environment of the University (based on the materials of a sociological study in Barnaul)

The relevance of studying the problem of tolerance among university students lies in the fact that by now there has been a panoramic vision of the problem of tolerance. It should be noted that it is the youth who is the main subject of tolerance. Since it is during this period of human socialization that the norms of the worldview with which he will lead his future life in society are laid down for him through social institutions. In this regard, it is necessary to clarify the subjective attitude of students to tolerance as a social phenomenon, to consider the factors of tolerance formation among students, to identify the ideas of students about tolerance, to determine the awareness of students about the term "tolerance". This article presents an analysis of the ideas of the student youth of the city of Barnaul about the phenomenon of tolerance. The study was implemented through a quantitative method of collecting information – a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The general body of the study was made up of students from Barnaul. The sample size was 348 people. The type of sampling is targeted. The study used a selection method such as the method of spontaneous selection. The vast majority of students consider the topic of tolerance to be relevant, and also note the need for tolerance in Russian society. The prevailing part of the student youth believes that significant attention should be paid to the education of tolerance. For students of the city of Barnaul, such types of tolerance as political, interethnic, gender, interfaith and sexual orientation turned out to be the most difficult to manifest. In modern Russian society, the most necessary types of tolerance, according to students, are sexual orientation tolerance, interethnic tolerance, tolerance to various forms of self-expression. Physiological, religious and gender issues received a lower percentage of respondents' responses, from which it can be concluded that students do not consider these types of tolerance necessary. Most often, according to students, the topic of tolerance is raised on social networks. The majority of Barnaul students believe that tolerance is highlighted in a positive way.

TOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY IN THE SITUATION OF WAR

The article is related to the theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific information on the problem of tolerance to uncertainty in psychology and an empirical study of the relationship between a person's tolerance to uncertainty and a sense of satisfaction with life, psychological well-being, and the perception of one's life as existentially meaningful. It is noted that, despite the relatively long history of studying the phenomenon of uncertainty tolerance in science and its potential importance, there is still no scientifically based and agreed interpretation of this phenomenon in psychology, since it can be defined by different scientists as: 1) a personal trait / characteristic / property; 2) a social attitude of an individual, containing cognitive, affective and conative components and/or their combination, or 3) a holistic system of a person's response to a situation of uncertainty. It is stated that the essential reason for the emergence of a situation of uncertainty in a person's life is the lack of information necessary for an adequate understanding of the content and consequences of this situation; while this can be both the result of a real lack of the necessary data, and vice versa, it is emphasized by the excessive amount of information available to a person, which with its content and form of presentation (clip-fragmented) only makes it difficult to find the information necessary to solve the situation or its interpretation. As a result of our research, it was established: a person intolerant to uncertainty, understanding it and evaluating it negatively, can show dissatisfaction with his life; while a person who is tolerant of uncertainty tends to feel psychologically well-off with satisfaction and existential meaningfulness of his own existence. It was concluded that tolerance to uncertainty presupposes a person's ability to calmly / without internal tension relate to the lack of information needed in the situation, to accept the presence of an uncertain situation as a component and permanent content of one's own life; to allow the coexistence of contradictory and inconsistent information without a biased attempt to give preference to one part of it or to oppose it to another; the possibility (but not the obligation) to start actions aimed at solving / overcoming the situation of uncertainty, without being sure of their effectiveness; however, hoping to gain new experience and acquire life wisdom; to accept the existence of the uncertain in its various variants (as unknown (completely or partially), ambiguous (ambivalent or ambiguous), not yet resolved, or not resolved at all). However, neither tolerance nor intolerance of uncertainty is a uniquely positive or negative personality trait.

Development of procedural aspects of tolerance pedagogy with implementation in theory and practice of higher and secondary education

Relevance. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the issue of lack of tolerance remains unresolved, the versatility of this problem concerns a variety of conflicts caused by a lack of tolerant interaction in society, and there is also a gross problem of inability to show tolerant behaviour, despite people�s knowledge of the need to form such relationships, which significantly complicates their implementation at a higher level.Purpose. The main purpose of the study includes the promotion and actualisation of tolerance pedagogy in the modern educational process and the introduction of ways to convey tolerant thinking at the stages of secondary and higher education.Methodology. When writing the paper, methods of synthesis, analysis, comparison, generalisation, systematisation, formalisation, and elements of the statistical method were used to investigate the concept of pedagogical tolerance and clarify the content of educating pedagogical tolerance of students of educational institutions.Results. The initial stage for the introduction of pedagogical tolerance is teacher training. Important aspects of the development of tolerance of students should be focused on the establishment of a friendly atmosphere between the participants of the educational process, paying due attention to the positions of the interlocutor. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the theoretical foundations of the concept of tolerance pedagogy were analysed, and its features were revealed. In the course of the research, a key role was identified, which includes the phenomenon of tolerance in the educational environment.Conclusions. The practical significance of the study follows from the fact that the practical aspects of the disclosure of the presented problem for the introduction of pedagogical tolerance in the educational process are substantiated. The presented issues of tolerance development can be applied in the learning process by teachers, and in practice by dedicated experts.

Explanatory factors for problematic cybersex behaviour: the importance of negative emotions

Cybersex encompasses a wide range of behaviors that use information and communication technologies as a means of access to obtain sexual gratification, a phenomenon that can take on problematic patterns. The main objective of the study is to propose a model that explains the extent to which online sexual activities and the negative emotionality associated with them can generate a tolerance phenomenon characterized by an increase in the frequency and intensity of cybersex behaviors. To this end, the Cybersex Behavioral Assessment Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 369 individuals. The results show that online sexual behavior and the presence of negative emotions during the performance of these activities influence the occurrence of tolerance, which is characterized by an increase and variety of activities with increasingly extreme typology. These findings may have implications for education and healthcare.

Научно-методологические координаты осмысления феномена толерантности и этноконфессиональной идентичности.

This article examines issues related to the development of scientific and methodological foundations for the study of the phenomenon of tolerance and ethno-confessional identity. Such a research course is determined by the need to update these foundations in order to meet the modern configurations of the phenomenon of tolerance and ethno-confessional identity. The author systematizes the existing scientific and methodological apparatus, critically evaluates it and offers a rather original symbiosis of scientific and methodological approaches and epistemological technologies. The author carries out an analytical assessment of the current state of tolerance as the most important principle of the communication space, speaks about the importance of implementing this principle. The author understands that it is in these communication axiological coordinates that the formation of civil society, the rule of law and civilizational space is possible. In his analysis, the author explores the most interesting and fruitful, from his point of view, scientific and methodological findings. The analysis proposed by the author allows, in his opinion, from a slightly different perspective to implement the Concept of “Zhana Kazakhstan”, in the value priorities of which tolerance is precisely designated as the basis of Kazakh society. In the same context, the author explores the phenomenon of ethno-confessional identity. The question “Who am I?” is decisive in a person's self-realization, in his self- determination. It is from these positions that the author explores this phenomenon.

General Characteristics of Pedagogical Conditions and the Structural and Functional Model for the Formation of Future Vocational Education Teachers’ Pedagogical Tolerance by Means of Interdisciplinary Integration

Modern social processes are characterized by a global trend towards the priority of fundamental educational needs in the formation of a developed personality with significant intellectual and creative potential. The article provides a general description of the main pedagogical conditions for the formation of future vocational education teachers’ pedagogical tolerance by means of interdisciplinary integration, as well as the features of the structural and functional model for the process. The purpose of the article is to characterize the theoretical foundations and conditions for the formation of future vocational education teachers’ pedagogical tolerance, with the involvement of means of interdisciplinary integration, as well as a description of the structural and functional model for the process. Research methods. During the implementation of the research, a number of general scientific research methods were used, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, concretization and formalization, abstraction, induction and deduction, comparison. Results. It is determined that among the main vectors for modernizing the national system of vocational education is the optimization of the process of theoretical and practical training of future teachers. The article establishes that the need to actualize the phenomenon of pedagogical tolerance is conditioned by the specific requirements for the professionally significant qualities of a vocational teacher, those are characterized by the specific content and specific focus of pedagogical activity. In the course of the study, it was found that one of the promising areas of pedagogical education is the formation of personal qualities of a future vocational education teacher as a specialist, including his/her pedagogical tolerance. Attention is focused on the importance of forming pedagogical tolerance of future vocational education teachers with the involvement of interdisciplinary integration. The essence of the phenomenon under study is identified as a personal quality and principle of a teacher's activity, which consists in recognizing the value of and expressing respect for the differences between the subjects of the educational process, recognizing the right to be different, refusing to change it in one's own image, the ability to adequately understand each other, and the desire to build democratic relations with all subjects of the educational process. Conclusions. The study highlights the main provisions of modern legal acts that legitimize the need to transform the algorithms for training future vocational education teachers, as well as the conceptual foundations for organizing the educational process in higher education. In addition, the basic principles of implementation and development of interdisciplinary integration of the educational process are characterized.

Issues of interethnic tolerance and national identity in the processes of the information space globalization

The authors analyze the content and functional specificity of the phenomenon of tolerance and explore the possibilities of media in the formation of interethnic media culture of participants in the communication space. It is shown that journalism and the media form the interethnic media culture of participants in the communication space and demonstrate models of political and social behavior to the audience, including certain stereotypes of citizens’ interethnic and intercultural tolerance. The article examines tolerance as the perception and understanding of other cultures, ways of self-expression, and manifestation of human individuality.

Drug-Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adopt Different Survival Strategies in Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

The rapid spread of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the phenomenon of phenotypic tolerance to drugs present challenges toward achieving the goal of tuberculosis (TB) elimination worldwide. By using the ex vivo cultures of alveolar macrophages obtained from lung tissues of TB patients after intensive antimicrobial chemotherapy before surgery, different subpopulations of multidrug-tolerant Mtb with a spectrum of phenotypic and growth features were identified in the same TB lesions. Our results are indicative of not only passive mechanisms generating nonheritable resistance of Mtb to antibiotics, which are associated mainly with a lack of Mtb growth, but also some active mechanisms of Mtb persistence, such as cell wall and metabolic pathway remodeling. In one of the subpopulations, non-acid-fast Mtb have undergone significant reprogramming with the restoration of acid-fastness, lipoarabinomannan expression and replication in host cells of some patients after withdrawal of anti-TB drugs. Our data indicate the universal stress protein Rv2623 as a clinically relevant biomarker of Mtb that has lost acid-fastness in human lungs. The studies of Mtb survival, persistence, dormancy, and resumption and the identification of biomarkers characterizing these phenomena are very important concerning the development of vaccines and drug regimens with individualized management of patients for overcoming the resistance/tolerance crisis in anti-TB therapy.

ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ ИСЛАМСКОЙ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ В ПОСТНОРМАЛЬНЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА: ОПЫТ КАЗАХСТАНА

Настоящая статья проблематизирует феномен исламской толератности в реалиях казахстанского общества, анализирует роль исламской толерантности в постнормальные времена. Авторы используют методы феноменологического, постструктуралистского анализа, а также междисциплинарный подход для изучения исламской толератности. Позиция авторов сводится к тому, что ислам располагает внушительным позитивным потенциалом для казахстанского общества, поскольку аксиологический контент толерантности для межконфессиональных отношений поликультурного населения Казахстана имеет непреходящее значение. Ретроспективный взгляд на ислам позволил прийти к выводу о том, что ислам, с самого начала признавал право на «жизнь» всех традиций, с которыми он сосуществовал, что и предопределило ориентированность ислама на интернациональное, межконфессиональное взаимодействие. Особую актуальность приобретает феномен исламской толерантности в условиях постнормального времени, разрабатываемый мусульманским ученым З. Сардаром. Авторы анализируют концепт и причины постнормального времени, а также интепретируют его применительно к жизни казахстанского общества. Авторы приходят к выводу, что изучение исламской толерантности в перспективе способно вывести на первый план этическое наполнение ислама в современном мире.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of heterosis on thermal resistance in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromi niloticus ♀×Oreochromi aureus ♂)

Heterosis is a widely observed biological phenomenon in fishes, in which hybrids exhibit superior traits to their parents. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for heterosis are not well understood. Tilapia is an economically important aquaculture resource with high commercial value, and the phenomenon of high temperature tolerance in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × Oreochromis aureus ♂, AN) has been observed in recent studies. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon could provide theoretical support for heterosis in thermal tolerance. To investigate the gene expression patterns and alternative splicing events associated with heat stress in tilapia, RNA Sequencing was conducted at control temperature (28 °C) and heat stress temperatures (36 °C and 39 °C). A total of 280, 260, and 261 genes with significantly divergent alternative splicing events were identified in O.niloticus (NL), O.aureus (AR), and O. niloticus ♀ × O.aureus ♂ (AN), respectively. In the heat stress groups (39 °C groups), 83.59% (23779 out of 28446) of the expressed genes showed non-additive expression patterns, and the highest proportion (35.14%) of these genes exhibited over-dominance expression patterns. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the overlapping genes among common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and non-additively expressed genes (NAGs) were significantly enriched in apoptosis, adipocytokine signaling, and insulin signaling pathways. Furthermore, among these overlapping genes, 32 genes had undergone alternative splicing events in AN, which may play an important role in the thermal resistance of hybrid tilapia. These findings shed light on the physiological regulation mechanisms that allow hybrid tilapia to exhibit better thermal resistance than their parents. They provide important insights into the molecular basis of heterosis in tilapia and have potential implications for improving aquaculture practices.

Формирование педагогической толерантности у студентов высших учебных заведений

Education of a personality that has a tolerant mentality is one of the most important problems of modernity in connection with global changes and the disequilibrium of the world in which they occur, so the development of tolerance towards other ways of life in the personality of the younger generation becomes especially relevant. This, in turn, necessitates the formation of tolerance as a special property of professional consciousness, first of all, in teachers themselves. The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of forming tolerance in students of pedagogical university: it emphasizes the theoretical and practical interest in the phenomenon of tolerance and methods of its diagnostics.

Piper longumConstituents InducePANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death under Nutrition Starvation.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis, partly due to 'austerity', a phenomenon of tolerance to nutrient deprivation and survival in its hypovascular tumor microenvironment. Anti-austerity agents which preferentially diminish the surivival of cancer cells under nutrition starvation is regarded as new generation anti-cancer agents. This study investigated the potential ofPiper longumconstituents as anti-austerity agents. The ethanolic extract of Piper longum was found to have preferential cytotoxicity towards PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells in a nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Further investigation led to the identification of pipernonaline (3) as the lead compound with the strongest anti-austerity activity, inducing cell death and inhibiting migration in a normal nutrient medium, as well as strongly inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Therefore, pipernonaline (3) holds promise as a novel antiausterity agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Confessions of a hedgehog aspirant: Reply to Verkuyten (2023) and Jung (2023).

The potential of the disapproval-respect model as a conceptual tool and explanatory device for the analysis of tolerance phenomena as well as its value as a guideline for future tolerance research is reiterated and further explained. Also, the distinctiveness of the model is underscored as is its realism with regard to the role of tolerance in processes of social influence and social change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).