Temperature Tolerance Research Articles

Analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of spawning mackerel in the Northeast Atlantic

The northeast Atlantic (NEA) mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a commercially significant species, with expansive spawning migrations occurring along the continental shelf of northwestern Europe. To identify the main variables influencing the spatial distribution of mackerel eggs, this study analyzed data from egg surveys conducted by the Working Group on Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg Surveys (WGMEGS) of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). To achieve this objective, a Random Forest model was used to predict the presence of mackerel eggs based on temporal, geographical, and environmental variables. Applying the Random Forest model to the survey data revealed that the main variables affecting mackerel spawning were the bottom depth, latitude, temperature, and salinity. Subsequently, Quotient Analysis was used to determine the optimal ranges of the key variables identified as influencing mackerel spawning. The results demonstrated a clear preference for spawning at depths between 100 m and 200 m, as well as a consistent preference for the area between 43° and 44° North, corresponding to the Cantabrian Sea. Furthermore, the results indicated that mackerel exhibited a considerable range of temperature tolerance throughout the spawning process, with a preference for cooler waters in the Western area in recent years. Salinity seems to have an effect on spawning at salinities between 35.0 ppm to 35.5 ppm, but results were imprecise. These results contribute to our understanding of how environmental and geographical variables influence the spawning behavior of NEA mackerel.

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata.

Dihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that Andrographis paniculata is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in A. paniculata, different DH-Fe concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg·L-1) were applied to estimate its effects on C and N metabolism and antioxidative capacity in A. paniculata grown under 20°C. Pre-treatment of DH-Fe alleviated LT-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Additionally, it relieved LT-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of catalase (CAT). DH-Fe reduced the contents of sucrose, soluble sugar and starch and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and hexokinase (HXK), but stimulated the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malic enzyme (ME). Soluble protein and proline contents were decreased by DH-Fe, while total N and free amino acids contents were increased, accompanying by the enhancement of the activities of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GTP). Simultaneously, the content of andrographolide, the bioactive ingredient of A. paniculata, was remarkably declined. These results indicated that DH-Fe alleviates LT-induced oxidation by increasing sugar catabolism and allocating C metabolic flow to N assimilation. A concentration of 20 μg·L-1 DH-Fe is recommended to be used to enhance LT tolerance in A. paniculata. Our results update the understanding of the mechanism of plant cold tolerance and provide new ideas for relieving plant cold damage.

Acclimation, thermal tolerance and aerobic metabolism of narrow-clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823).

Ectotherms are considered more susceptible to global warming. Variations in ambient temperature are especially alarming as the majority of animals are ectothermic, with temperature seen as a crucial determinant of their ecology, biogeography, behaviour, and physiology. Ectotherms, which depend on external ambient temperatures to regulate their body temperature, exhibit various physiological and metabolic responses to variations in temperature. These responses are essential for comprehending how these species will acclimatise to changing water temperatures and the consequent alterations in oxygen availability. This study assessed the acclimation ability, temperature tolerance, and metabolic rate of narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) to elucidate the crayfish's responses to potential climate change. Our study showed that the narrowed clawed crayfish is a species that exhibits high thermal tolerance, with an extensive dynamic (1114 °C2), static thermal polygon area (966 °C2), resistance zone of 103 °C2 and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures (CTmin-CTmax: 1.60-36.8°C). The acclimation temperature has minimal impact on the thermal tolerance of the crayfish (P<0.01). The optimal temperature range for SMR of Pontastacus leptodactylus is 20-25°C, within which a decline in standard metabolic rate (SMR) occurs as temperature rises.

High-performance Multi-stage Baffled A2O Treatment Process for Domestic Sewage on Plateaus

At high altitudes, the low air pressure, low atmospheric oxygen content, and cryogenic environment during the cold season greatly limit the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A novel pilot-plant configuration of the multi-stage baffled A2O wastewater treatment process was proposed and tested in Xizang. Different operational conditions involving at different influent loads and at low temperatures (10.0–11.0°C) were tested. When the influent flowrate increased to 4 m3∙d−1, the hydraulic retention time (HRT), internal and external reflux ratio, dissolved oxygen (DO), and aeration demands (gas to water ratio) all decreased to 34.2 h, 3.5/7, a stable 2.0–2.5 mg∙L−1, and 17.5, respectively. The effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH+4−N), and total phosphorus (TP) all met the requirements of Class 1 Grade A of the China National Municipal Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB 18918-2002). The contribution of denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) to the removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus was over 50%. The alpha diversity and abundance of the top genera in the microbial community structure were both higher than the plateau WWTP. The reaction activity of the DPR process was significantly enhanced via the increased abundance of key functional genes within the metabolism pathway of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrogen-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The special multi-stage baffled structure featured a strategy of high sludge storage that improved the system tolerance for low temperatures and ensured favorable and stable performance for nitrogen and phosphorus removal at low temperatures. A short, periodic, and cyclically intermittent operation mode, with each cycle lasting only 20 minutes, effectively inhibited filamentous bacteria sludge bulking, resulting in a sludge volume index (SVI) that decreased to within 120 mL∙g−1 during the first 15 days of system start-up. A long sludge retention time (SRT) with no sludge discharging over 169 days and reduced aeration demands contributed to lower operation costs. The investigation revealed that the system had a high capacity for storing sludge phosphorus, possessing a TP content within a range of 23.45–28.99 mg∙g−1. This study provides a feasible solution for efficiently and economically treating wastewater in high-altitude areas.

Ni-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylation for the construction of carbocycles with contiguous quaternary carbon stereocenters.

The first Ni-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative strategy for the construction of carbocycles with contiguous quaternary all-carbon stereocenters is reported. The key to the success of these reactions is the utilization of rationally designed allenylic methylene cyclic carbonates as substrates with Ni catalysis. The floppy allenylic group exerts unique electronic properties on the carbonate, which allows further asymmetric nucleophilic annulations with alkenes. These reactions can be performed at room temperature and feature wide functional group tolerance with excellent asymmetric induction that is typically >94% ee. The mechanistic insights imply that this conceptually new chemistry is completely different from previous reports on the catalytic transformation of cyclic carbonates, and thus, it offers an inventive novel methodology to create complex enantio-enriched molecules.

Heat-tolerant subtropical Porites lutea may be better adapted to future climate change than tropical one in the South China Sea.

Coral reefs are degrading at an accelerating rate owing to climate change. Understanding the heat stress tolerance of corals is vital for their sustainability. However, this tolerance varies substantially geographically, and information regarding coral responses across latitudes is lacking. In this study, we conducted a high temperature (34°C) stress experiment on Porites lutea from tropical Xisha Islands (XS) and subtropical Daya Bay (DY) in the South China Sea (SCS). We compared physiological levels, antioxidant activities, and transcriptome sequencing to explore heat tolerance mechanisms and adaptive potential. At 34°C, both XS and DY corals experienced significant bleaching and the physiological/biochemical index decreased, with XS corals exhibiting greater changes than DY corals. Transcriptome analysis revealed that coral hosts respond to heat stress mainly by boosting metabolic activity. The subtle transcriptional responses of zooxanthellae C15 underscored the host's pivotal role in thermal stress responses. DY coral hosts showed lower bleaching, stronger physiological plasticity, and higher temperature tolerance thresholds than XS, indicating superior heat tolerance. This superiority is linked to negative feedback transcriptional regulation strategies, including active environmental stress response and genetic information damage repair. The differences in thermal adaptability between tropical and subtropical P. lutea in the SCS may be attributed to their genetic differences and native habitat environments, suggesting that subtropical P. lutea may have the potential to adapt to future climate change. This study provides novel insights for predicting the fate of corals at different latitudes in terms of global warming and provides instructive guidance for coral reef ecological restoration.

Design and synthesis of novel cathepsin C inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity.

Cathepsin C (Cat C) is a potential candidate for addressing inflammatory conditions associated with neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). The high reactivity of electrophilic warheads and the metabolic instability of peptide structures are among the primary challenges in developing potent cathepsin C inhibitors. Compound 36, a lead compound derived from compound 1 through structure-based drug design and structure-activity relationship (SAR), exhibited strong Cat C inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 437 nM. It also showed a substantial enhancement in overall anti-inflammatory activity, achieving an inhibitory effect on NO release at 4.1 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted to analyze the mode of action with Cat C. And cell thermal shift analysis (CETSA) revealed that this compound increases the temperature tolerance of Cat C in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting strong binding to the target Cat C. Prolonged pharmacological inhibition activity may result in the depletion of active NSPs.

Stabilizing effect of HP-β-CD on infliximab in liquid formulations and a solid formulation produced by electrospinning.

The development of stable biopharmaceutical formulations, such as monoclonal antibodies, poses a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. This study investigated the stabilizing effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in liquid and solid formulations of infliximab during processing and storage. The solid formulation was produced by a scaled-up high-speed electrospinning method, resulting in a product suitable for reconstitution with excellent dissolution properties. Liquid formulations contained exclusively HP-β-CD as a stabilizing excipient at different concentrations. Both types of formulations were stored under various conditions for up to 6 months, and infliximab stability was compared based on monomer recovery and the analysis of fragments and aggregates. The solid formulation stored at low (-18 °C, 4 °C) temperatures and lower humidity conditions show the most promising results. Moreover, the monomer loss was less than 10 % even at room temperature storage after 2 months, indicating a potentially good temperature tolerance. Increasing HP-β-CD content in liquid formulations significantly improved the long-term stability of infliximab while enhancing protection against mechanical stress. Furthermore, to better understand the stabilizing mechanism of HP-β-CD on infliximab, the molecular interactions were investigated by bio-layer interferometry and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. The experiments proved that the presence of HP-β-CD decreased infliximab self-interaction, correlating with the aggregation-suppressing effect of HP-β-CD observed during the stress- and long-term stability studies. The results demonstrate the potential of HP-β-CD as a stabilizing excipient in liquid and solid formulations of infliximab.

Resposta do feijão-fava às altas temperaturas em ambiente natural e controlado

ABSTRACT Effects of abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, on plants are exacerbated by climate change. Lima beans exhibit higher tolerance to high temperatures than the common beans. Understanding the tolerance of lima bean landrace germplasm to high temperatures is important to improve their breeding. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the high temperature responses of lima bean landrace varieties obtained from the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank at Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brazil) in two environments. Five landraces showing the best performance in emission of flowers and number of pods formed (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036, and UFPI-1064) were evaluated in two cultivation environments, natural (29 ºC) and controlled (37 ºC), using a completely randomized design with four replications, with each plot consisting of a single plant. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P &lt; 0.05) were performed for 12 quantitative traits, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Lima beans exhibited genetic variability in high temperature tolerance in both natural and controlled environments. Specifically, UFPI-1064 exhibited superior performance with higher pod thickness and width and number of flowers and lower flower and pod abortion than the other varieties in both natural and controlled environments. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive and strong correlations between the number of flowers and flower abortion in the natural environment and number of pods and seeds per pod in the controlled environment.

New Strains of the Deep Branching Streptophyte Streptofilum: Phylogenetic Position, Cell Biological and Ecophysiological Traits, and Description of Streptofilum arcticum sp. nov.

Streptofilum capillatum was recently described and immediately caught scientific attention, because it forms a phylogenetically deep branch in the streptophytes and is characterised by a unique cell coverage composed of piliform scales. Its phylogenetic position and taxonomic rank are still controversial discussed. In the present study, we isolated further strains of Streptofilum from biocrusts in sand dunes and Arctic tundra soil. Molecular and morphological characterisation including transmission electron microscopy confirmed that both new strains belong to Streptofilum. The Arctic strain is described as a new species, Streptofilum arcticum sp. nov., based on molecular differences, a specific sarcinoid morphology and unique ultrastructure with massive cell coverage composed of pili-shaped scales. A comprehensive characterisation of the ecophysiological traits of both new Streptofilum isolates and the original one revealed a broad temperature tolerance, a rapid recovery of photosynthetic performance after desiccation, an efficient photosynthesis at low light and a tolerance to high-light conditions. In addition, Streptofilum could cope with UV irradiation, but only S. capillatum grew under UV exposure. All Streptofilum strains are well-adapted to water-deprived terrestrial habitats such as biocrusts. From this study it can be concluded that already early-branching streptophytes were able to tolerate terrestrial conditions.

Characterization and application of polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas atacamensis M7D1 for chromium (III) removal from tannery effluent.

The wastewater from various industries contaminated with heavy metals poses significant environmental challenges. Biosorption has emerged as a widely used method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Pseudomonas atacamensis M7D1 is known to produce polysaccharides, but the potential of its polysaccharides as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal still needs to be explored. This study investigated the ability of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), primarily composed of polysaccharides, from P. atacamensis M7D1 to adsorb Cr(III) from tannery effluent. The research involved EPS production, physicochemical characterization, and Cr(III) adsorption assessment. The maximum EPS production was 780 mg/l, which increased by 3.4 times (2670 mg/l) with the addition of NaCl. The produced EPS exhibited excellent temperature tolerance and high molecular weight (3.6 × 105 g/mol). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum Cr(III) adsorption were an EPS concentration of 1.5 g/l, pH 4, and a temperature of 75 °C. These findings suggest that the EPS of P. atacamensis M7D1 has significant potential as an effective adsorbent for removing Cr(III) from contaminated wastewater.

Temperature tolerance of European fish species based on thermal maxima in southern Baltic Sea-basin streams

Temperature tolerance of European fish species based on thermal maxima in southern Baltic Sea-basin streams

Identification and characterization of thorny and high temperature tolerant brinjal (Solanum melongena) genotype for hot arid environment

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most common vegetable which is generally cultivated as rainy (kharif) season crop to get the fruits during autumn-winter season. However, the summer season crop has more potential than the kharif season as the fruits harvested during summer gets premium price in the market. But, getting high quality fruit yield during summer due to high temperature stress (&gt;45°C) is a challenge particularly in hot arid agro-climate as the day and night temperature above 35°C reduces the pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits/plant and colour retention to a great extent. The present study was carried out during 2020 and 2021 at ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan to develop varieties with better quality fruit yield under high temperature conditions. The experiments were conducted in split plot design (SPD) considering environments as main plots and replicates within environment as subplots with three replications. As a result, CIAH-22 has been identified and characterized as a trait specific high temperature tolerant (up to 45°C) thorny brinjal genotype suitable for hot arid region. Fruit weight at marketable stage varied from 144.56–155.84 g that indicates bigger sized fruits with thorns on calyx which are preferred most by the local growers and consumers of this region. It has the yield potential of 2.18–3.72 kg fruits/plant and 447.78–471.74 q/ha. The identified genotype CIAH-22 was able to set fruits at temperature as high as 45°C which was also evidenced by its pollen viability i.e. 83.71%. High pollen viability significantly enhanced fruit set, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant and thereby yield under high temperature stress. Thus, this identified genotype can be a potential source for brinjal improvement for high temperature tolerance and regional preference of big-sized thorny fruits with attractive colour retention.

Fatty acid profiles and tolerance to temperature extremes in Daphnia.

Identification of physiological processes setting thermal tolerance limits is essential to describe adaptive response to temperature changes. We use the North American Daphnia pulex complex, which makes a remarkable model for comparative physiology as it is composed of clones differing in heat tolerance, ploidies and with a wide geographic distribution. The fatty acid composition of 18 diploid and triploid D. pulex clones acclimated to 16°C and 24 °C was measured and compared to their tolerance to extreme high and low temperatures (CTmax and CTmin). Eicosapentaenoic acid relative content (EPA) showed a strong negative relationship with CTmax and a clear association with CTmin. Higher unsaturation and peroxidation index were associated with better cold tolerance, while saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with lower cold tolerance. Triploid Daphnia accumulated more eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and had lower CTmin than diploid clones (better cold tolerance). Triploid clones retained more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids at high temperature. CTmax was positively correlated to CTmin, suggesting the existence of important constraints in temperature tolerance caused by fatty acid composition.

Multi-omic profiles of Sorghum genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance connect pathways related to thermotolerance.

Understanding how crop varieties acclimate to elevated temperatures is key to priming them for future climates. Here, we exposed two genotypes of Sorghum bicolor (one sensitive to heat shock (Sen) and one tolerant (Tol)) from multiple growth temperatures to a six-day heat shock (reaching 45°C), carrying out a suite of measurements before and during heat shock. Sen consistently reduced photosynthetic functioning during heat shock, while Tol increased its photosynthetic rate. Higher abundance of heat shock protein transcripts and metabolites related to heat tolerance were noted for Tol when compared to Sen both before and during heat shock, which can be attributed to constitutive and inducible responses to elevated temperatures. In addition, important changes in metabolic pathways were clearly identified for Tol during heat shock (including upregulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and downregulation of the GABA catalytic pathway), even as the concentration of hexose sugars became depleted. We infer Tol was able to tolerate elevated temperatures due to an upregulation of osmoprotectants, chaperones and reactive oxygen species scavengers and by the suppression of SnRK1 via transcripts and metabolites during heat shock. Our results highlight potential targets for attributes of high temperature tolerance which can be utilised in future breeding trials.

Tolerance allocation of mechanical assemblies including thermal deformation: A machine learning – based method

Tolerance allocation is one of the prominent tools to achieve the optimal manufacturing cost and the best performance for mechanical assemblies. Variations in dimensions and geometry shape due to different working temperatures for various components within an assembly can make initially assigned tolerances ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the component’s deformation caused by thermal gradients during the tolerance design. In this paper, a new method is presented for optimal tolerance allocation of mechanical assemblies under thermal deformation. First, the system’s temperature working conditions and tolerance design goals are specified, followed by the finite element simulation of the assembly at the desired working temperature. Then, the assembly equation is determined according to the complexity of the problem by using analytical methods and some machine learning (ML) algorithms such as XGBoost. The optimal tolerance design is formulated into a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. Then, to obtain the Pareto front of optimal tolerances, the multi-objective optimization is solved by the NSGA-II algorithm. Finally, to illustrate the capability of the proposed method, two case studies are considered, and obtained results from the presented method and conventional approaches are compared.

Simulated winter climate change reveals greater cold than warm temperature tolerance in Chrysolina polita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Climate change is expected to lead to rising winter temperatures in temperate zones, coinciding with a decrease in winter snow cover. Insects adapted to winter conditions in the temperate zone might be exposed to changing winter conditions and higher temperature fluctuations, which can affect diapause and mortality. We studied the effects of climate change on Chrysolina polita, a temperate zone species overwintering as an adult in the shallow surface of the soil. We tested the effects of increased and fluctuating temperature on the mortality and body composition of the beetles in a laboratory environment, as well as the effects of snow cover removal on the mortality and body mass in field conditions. We found that in the laboratory study, a 2 °C increase in mean temperature increased mortality and resulted in increased lipid consumption, whereas temperature fluctuation caused desiccation of the beetles but did not affect mortality compared to the control condition. In the field study, the snow removal caused the mean soil temperature to decrease by 3 °C and fluctuate (ranging from -26.4 to 2.5 °C compared to a range of -1.7 to 0.5 °C in the control), yet these differences did not affect beetle mortality or body mass. We conclude that C. polita exhibits greater resistance to cold temperatures than to higher temperatures during diapause. Therefore, the rising temperatures associated with climate change can pose challenges for overwintering.

Thermal Modulation of Exciton Recombination for High-Temperature Ultra-Long Afterglow.

Developing smart materials with tunable high-temperature afterglow (HTA) luminescence remains a formidable challenge. This study presents a metal-free doping system using boric acid as matrix and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as dopants. This composition achieves dynamically tunable afterglow combining a bright blue HTA lasting for over ten seconds even at 150°C and an ultra-long yellow room-temperature phosphorescence below 110°C. The observed HTA is attributed to the thermally released exciton recombination within the dopant molecules, which shows excellent temperature tolerance compared to traditional triplet related phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The planarity of dopants is extensively investigated playing a pivotal role in modulating Dexter electron transfer (ET) for capturing released electrons and thereby affecting the overall performance of tunable HTA. This work provides an efficient and universal doping strategy to engineer tunable HTA through the synergistic action of thermally releasing electrons, Dexter ET and exciton recombination.

Thermal Modulation of Exciton Recombination for High‐Temperature Ultra‐Long Afterglow

Developing smart materials with tunable high‐temperature afterglow (HTA) luminescence remains a formidable challenge. This study presents a metal‐free doping system using boric acid as matrix and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as dopants. This composition achieves dynamically tunable afterglow combining a bright blue HTA lasting for over ten seconds even at 150°C and an ultra‐long yellow room‐temperature phosphorescence below 110°C. The observed HTA is attributed to the thermally released exciton recombination within the dopant molecules, which shows excellent temperature tolerance compared to traditional triplet related phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The planarity of dopants is extensively investigated playing a pivotal role in modulating Dexter electron transfer (ET) for capturing released electrons and thereby affecting the overall performance of tunable HTA. This work provides an efficient and universal doping strategy to engineer tunable HTA through the synergistic action of thermally releasing electrons, Dexter ET and exciton recombination.

Dissemination patterns and functional role of a symbiotic bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Phytoseiulus persimilis.

Symbiotic bacteria play a crucial role in various facets of host biology and physiology. The development and utilization of symbiotic bacteria in insects show promising potential for enhancing their reproduction, temperature tolerance, resistances to pathogens and insecticides. However, limited research has been conducted on symbiotic bacteria in predatory mites. In Phytoseiulus persimilis, we successfully cultivated a strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which has been noted for its significant contributions to pathogen control, pesticide and toxin resistance, and nutrition provision in some insect species. To explore the effect of S. maltophilia and its potential application on predatory mites, we fed S. maltophilia to P. persimilis and evaluated the transmission dynamics within mite generations. We examined its impacts on predator fitness and resistances to pesticides, pathogens, and starvation. The results showed that the S. maltophilia content in the offspring increased by 12.91 times when gravid mites were fed with the bacterial solution. P. persimilis that consumed prey treated with S. maltophilia showed a 25.20-fold increase in microbial content. Mating with treated males did not affect microbial levels in females. Moreover, S. maltophilia did not cause any discernible effect on the fitness of P. persimilis, including survival, developmental duration, fecundity, and longevity. Notably, it was found to improve P. persimilis survival following exposure to the pathogen Acaricomes phytoseiuli, resulting in a reduction of mortality by 20% compared to the control. This study serves as a foundational step for further utilization of beneficial microbes to improve the efficacy of predatory mite biological control.