Toilet Soap Research Articles

Commodity expert assessment of quality level of solid toilet soap

Commodity expert assessment of quality level of solid toilet soap

Chemical Composition and Acceptability of Organic Bath Soap among Students in Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria

The study determined the chemical composition and acceptability of organic bath soap among students in Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions. Mixed method research design was used for the study. Population was 46 which comprised all Home Economics students from the Department of Vocational Education. In-home use questionnaire was used for data collection. The study produced two samples of turmeric bath soap. Findings showed that the chemical compositions of the turmeric soap samples are in accordance with the specifications of the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) with toilet soap specifications of pH ranging from 9 to 11, total fatty matter ranging from 60-75 gm and total free caustic soda ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 %. Findings showed that the sensory evaluation attributes for colour, smell, consistency foam ability and skin sensitivity were accepted after use for three months as the samples were skin friendly, safe to use without side effects. It was recommended that turmeric body soap and turmeric face gel can be produced in large quantities for commercial purpose as a form of income generation for unemployed graduates.

Physico-Chemical Parameterization of some Commercially Available Toilets and Laundry Soaps in Tansen, Palpa

Nepalese market has witnessed an impressive upsurge in the production and consumption of a variety of soaps in recent times since 2022 after covid pandemic. The physicochemical parameterization determines the quality, competency and cleaning properties of soap so that we urge sagacious use of these soaps to keep skin healthy. Due to scant knowledge about the quality of soaps, there is need to assess them. Ten parameters namely foam height, surface tension, pH, moisture content, conductance, total fatty matter, total alkali, free caustic alkali and chloride content of commercially available toilet (Dettol, Lifebuoy, Liril, Lux, No.1, Haldi Kanti, Neem Kanti and Neem Chiuri) and laundry soap (Aaha, Darshan, Dhoni and Xpert) samples collected from local market of Tansen were determined using different standard documented method of analysis. The physicochemical parameters examined in collected different soap samples are found as; foam height (20-120) ml, surface tension (38.857-67.192) dynes/cm, pH (6.67-10.54), moisture content (6.68-34.40) %, conductance (115-327) µs/cm, Total Fatty Matter or T.F.M. (42-85.10) %, total alkali (0.31-1.178) %, free caustic alkali (0.54-0.91) % and chloride content (0.1-0.69) %, indicating most of examined parameters for soap were in standard limit as quality criteria set by Bureau of Indian Standards, IS 286: 1978 except that of free caustic alkali content in laundry soaps. This study has recommended public to use toilet soap for bathing purpose as it removes dirt more and laundry soap are found to have good cleansing action for clothes.

Selection Of Cosmetic Products According To Awareness Of Girls Students Of Ayodhya District Of U.P.

The present paper focuses on the understanding of awareness and attitudes of adolescents towards the use of cleanliness products. The college students include were females of a similar age group of 19-26 years. It was found that the female students in the four-target age group have a similar awarding pattern, price, and celebrity brand are two major factors influencing awareness preferences. The study was conducted through interview schedule reporting for the awarding behavior and satisfaction level.48.3 percent of college students were aware of pears soap for use which acquires rank first whereas 35-8 percent of female students were awarded Dove soap and only23.3 percent of students tried to award lux and santoor although 97.5 percent respondents were fully satisfied as for as refresher after body cleaning affair. All of 85 percent of students like to be aware of Patanjali soap due to the protection of the skin. Awareness is a common phenomenon in the modern marketing world. Female students are classified to induce the students to made make marketing awarding selections. Results of the awareness regarding marketing strategies and promotional methods, they try to change the female student’s decision-making through buying. The process of this study is to examine the student’s attitudes towards awareness of bathing products. The results and implications are useful for future research. The present paper aims to focus on the awareness of female student’s for soap among college girls in the district of Ayodhya. A sample of college female students was selected on the basis of stratified random sampling methods as respondents. The results of the analysis showed that students different differed in preference of soap. The preference of the majority of the college female students are lux toilet soap, ponds, pears, dove, santoor, and Patanjali soap. Challenges and Issues: The key aspect of consumer buying behavior is marketing segmentation. Consumers can be grouped into different sections or part, including product usage, demographics, and psychological and lifestyle segments. In any industry market research is vital because it ensures that the manufacturer produces the customer’s actual want or demand and not their imagination or conjecture on the consumer’s want or need. Whenever an industry understands the customer’s needs, it helps in improving their marketing strategies. Some of the issues of the consumer are: • The industry or company must understand the reaction (thinking, feeling, reasons of any action) of the consumer and the selection of diverse options like brand or products. • The consumer’s influence in relation to the environment. • Consumer’s behavior while making decisions or shopping for a product. • Inadequate knowledge or information of a product control decision-making and marketing result. Introduction

Environmental aspects of using some means human personal hygiene

Every individual widely uses modern means of personal hygiene, in particular toilet soap. Most of us have encountered the information that this hygiene product can contain components that have a harmful effect on the body. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration that soap contains substances dangerous for our health. When choosing hygiene products, people quite often focus on the price, which can be a mistake. On the other hand, modern day consumers do not want to waste their money and want to buy a product with the best consumer properties. The result of our work is a recommended list specific names of toilet soap, which takes into account all the mentioned aspects. Consumers who care about their health might be interested in this list. The purpose of this research work is the selection of the safest groups of toilet soaps from the point of view of their content composition of substances dangerous for the human body. The object of the work is toilet soap (20 items). The subject of the study is the description of the safest groups of toilet soap for the consumer, considering its price and subjective evaluation of consumers. The list of ingredients on the product packaging of each toilet soap indicated by the manufacturer served as a source for the conducting this research work. Comparativelydescriptive, graphic, and statistical (K-means method of cluster analysis) methods of processing and providing information were used to perform this research paper. The results of the work have immediate practical value, as they represent a recommendation for consumers, which consists in the necessity to choose toilet soap among the offered list of the safest samples with the lowest price tag and the best consumer properties.

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Soaps Prepared Using <i>Carica papaya</i> Extracts

Value-added products harnessing the phytotherapeutic potential of papaya are scarce. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy and safety of such products (if available) from papaya. Thus, the current study attempted to exemplify the utilization of papaya extracts in preparing a value-added product, namely, Toilet Soap. This study is the first of its kind in which the physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy of the toilet soaps infused with different papaya extracts were assessed and compared against the market available soaps containing papaya fruit extract. The soap samples had pH values between 8.37 – 9.74 and their moisture content between 2.94 – 11.32 %. Their estimated lather volume ranged between 410 – 780 mL with good foaming power and foam stability. The laboratory-prepared soaps (Samples A to D) had matter insoluble slcohol and total fatty matter contents per Bureau of Indian Standards. They either did not contain or had an insignificant amount of free caustic alkali. The quantitative in vitro assessment findings showed antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus aureus except for Sample E. The in vivo finger imprint test demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of the soaps against E. coli and S. aureus.

Research on the impact of preliminary electromagnetic treatment of chip soap on the technological features of detergents

The impact of preliminary electromagnetic treatment of chip soap on the technological features of detergents has been studied. A decrease in viscosity has been established when processing raw materials in a magnetic field with an induction. Because of mathematical processing of experimental data, a regression equation describing the technological process has been obtained. The influence of technological factors on the process of saponification of fatty acids has been determined. The significance and value of the constituents of the receipt of detergent components on the formation of the quality and properties of solid soaps have been scientifically and experimentally substantiated. The significance and value of soap chips based on palm and coconut oils has been established. Scientifically substantiated technological lines and modes for improving the quality and expanding the range of toilet soaps have been selected. Ecologically “clean” technologies for the production of detergents of a new assortment have been created. The rheological properties of sodium salts of fatty acids of industrial concentrations have been studied. The results of scientific and experimental research allowed expanding and supplementing the existing theoretical provisions on new formulations of detergents and improving the technology of their production based on palm and coconut oils.

Effectiveness of Consumer Promotions in Brick-and-Mortar Retail Stores

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that aid in the measurement of the effectiveness of consumer promotions in brick-and-mortar retail. The already highly competitive landscape of retail is set to undergo a huge transformation post the COVID-19 outbreak, which will inadvertently lead to manufacturing cutting down costs wherever possible to maintain their margins and stay afloat. Advertising spends are bound to go down, and there is a need for a statistical model to measure the effectiveness of the capital spends by a firm towards consumer promotions. For the study, national level sales data of 4 subbrands of a particular toilet soap brand (shower soap bars) was analyzed for a leading retail chain in India from January 2018 to February 2020. Regression analysis was used to do the data analysis. The study focused on price-off consumer promotions only for the designated period for four variants of a popular Indian soap brand. The discount percentage (including both promotion spend by the manufacturer as well as a retailer), the quantity of the particular unit sold on which the promotion was run during the period when the promotion was run, the effective price to consumer per gram, and profitability for the manufacturer in terms of the net contribution percentage were the factors which were found to show a strong correlation and formed the input variables for the regression equation. The regression analysis showed that all the factors, namely: overall discount percentage, quantity sold, the effective price per gram, and the net contribution (profitability), were statistically significant in determining the uplift in sales quantity due to the discount (the effectiveness of the price promotion). The equation provides retailers and manufacturers a model to measure the effectiveness of promotion spending for price promotions that are run every month at a national and state level by giving state-level values as inputs. It also helps arrive at a baseline sales quantity for a particular SKU if no price-off promotion is run.

Evaluation of Sodium and Potassium Soaps Prepared from Beeswax: Adding Value to Material

This study investigated the potential of producing quality soaps from beeswax with a view to widening its applications and providing alternative to the high demanding fats and oils. Its potassium and sodium soaps were prepared by hot method and their properties examined. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate band at 1560.46 cm−1 for both soaps, which is, however, absent in the original beeswax, showing that metal ions associated with the COO− ions in monodendate structures. The soaps have good qualities with respect to pH, foam ability, longevity, hardness, free alkali and total fatty matter, with the potassium soap having higher qualities. The foam ability and stability of the potassium soap were comparable to those of some commercial toilet and laundry soaps. The sodium soap, however, has better lubricating properties due to its unstable foam and low water solubility. Both prepared soaps showed lower antibacterial activity than tested antiseptic soaps but displayed almost the same activity with those of tested toilet soaps. The results showed that beeswax has the potential to serve as a good alternative to the conventional fats and oils in soap industry.

Efficacy of Newly Emerging Detergents, Laundry Bleach, and Toilet Soap against Bacteria Isolated from Fairly used Clothes, Male/Female Underwear

The aim of this study is to determine the potency of newly emerging detergents, laundry bleach, and toilet soap on bacteria isolates from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. The current study included sample collection from used clothing and female underwear and compared the efficacy of detergents, toilet soap and laundry bleach (Jik),to reduce the microbial load in the used cloth. Organisms were isolated from the used cloth and female underwear, identified, and microbiologically characterized using the conventional method of microbiology assay. i.e, biochemical test,a compilation of cultural colonial and characteristics. Test Samples were washed using four (4) types of detergents and five (5) types of toilet soap and laundry bleach. The results of the colony-forming unit (CFU) before and after washing with detergent and toilet soap and laundry bleach were recorded, washing with detergents and toilet soap. The results showed that detergents were more effective in reducing bacterial load than toilet soap in all test samples. the addition of laundry bleach (Jik) also shows the effectiveness in reducing bacterial load in fairly used clothes and Female Underwear The antibiotics susceptibility test were determined using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Eight (8) bacteria were identified include Aerobacter aerogenes (3), Bacillus polymyxa (5), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Veillonella parvula (5), Escherichia freundii (1), Escherichia coli (3), Enterobacter aerogenes (2) and Aerobacter cloacae (1). Bacillus polymyxa, and Veillonella parvula were the most common organism isolated and followed by Escherichia coli from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. In this study, some of the Gram-positive(+ve) bacteria isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics like Streptomycin, Tarivid, Reflacine Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Septrin, and Amplicin. Gram-negative bacteria isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and all the isolated organisms were resistant to Ceporex. Gram-positive (-ve) bacteria were sensitive to Streptomycin and were resistant to Rifampicin. To determine the growth dynamics and killing kinetics of the isolated organisms, from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear, an Ultraviolet spectrophotometer were used to determine the wavelength and killing kinetics of isolated organisms from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. The addition of antibiotics to the isolated organisms at the 48th-hour speed up the death rate of the isolates from fairly used clothe washed with different detergent Laundry Bleach and toilet soaps. It can be deduced that this study validates the efficacy of newly emerging detergents, Laundry bleach, and toilet soap against bacteria isolated from fairly used clothes. It is also recommended to wash fairly used clothes using different methods of soaking the fairly used clothes and female underwear in the Laundry Bleach for some days before finally washing in detergents and ironing before use. This method will drastically reduce and remove bacterial load in the fairly used clothes and female underwear.

WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free alkali, saponification valueof toilet soaps). The study revealed that soapbleaching is usually done to improve color, remove impurities and improve taste. Sodium chloride and sodium silicate were used as bleaching chemicals as well as improving the color the toilet soapmanufacture.

Valorization of Vitellaria paradoxa butter in cosmetics and agrifood in Africa

Forest species are very abundant in African ecosystems and contribute to the economy of households, through their use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and agri-food. Among these species, Vitellaria paradoxa (sapotaceae) is a tree that can reach about fifteen meters, which grows exclusively in wooded savannas in Africa. Its area of ​​distribution is Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to highlight the forms of valuation of shea butter in the food industry and in cosmetics. To do this, we carried out a literature review. The results revealed that shea butter is a fat extracted from the kernels of the shea fruit. It is obtained by shelling, drying and crushing the nuts. Crushed seeds and then mixed with water. Once immersed in water, the impurities will come out naturally from the butter and thus settle in the bottom of the container. Then, the butter that has remained on the surface is collected, and kneaded, to be cooked for a long time at a very low temperature. The water evaporates, leaving only room for the oil, which will be manually filtered through muslin and then conditioned. Once at room temperature, the butter (melted into oil) regains its solid and melting texture. This butter, for its properties, is on considerable importance in food industry and cosmetics. Thus, shea butter is used in cooking (edible oils), in pastry products, confectionery and in chocolate industry as a substitute for cocoa butter. In cosmetics, it is best known for its moisturizing and softening properties of the skin. It is also used as an excipient in cosmetic formulations such as ointments, shampoos, toilet soaps and in creams.

INVESTIGACIÓN COMERCIAL SOBRE PREFERENCIAS DE LOS CLIENTES AL PRODUCTO JABÓN TOCADOR LIS

Market research is a current topic that allows us to get closer and closer to satisfying the needs of customers. The objective of this paper is to develop a commercial investigation to find out the preferences of customers regarding the Lis toilet soap product. To fulfill this objective, the following methods and techniques were used: document analysis, direct observation, brainstorming, combined sampling procedure, customer surveys, perception importance matrix, and computer tools such as Microsoft Visio 2010, SPSS statistical software and EndNoteX7 for managing bibliographic references. Among the main results, it is obtained that the characteristics of the product that the company must pay the most attention are: durability, aroma and texture, for this it is proposed that the entity review its production system and the product formula in order to improve the aforementioned characteristics.

Assessment of the composition of some personal hygiene (on the example of shampoos) regarding the negative effect on the human body

All shampoos contain various harmful components that accumulate in the body, which can harm human health in general. They can cause allergies, provoke aging, lead to nervous disorders and cardiovascular disease. But, despite this, these substances can not be excluded from the composition of modern shampoos, as without this cosmetics will lose their properties. Choosing the right shampoo will help reduce the risk of harmful effects, but you need to know how it can adversely affect the health of an ingredient. The result is the recommended lists of specific shampoos that take into account all these aspects. Consumers who care about their health should be directly interested in such lists. The aim is to identify the safest groups of shampoos in terms of their content of substances dangerous to human health. The object of personal hygiene products is shampoos (25 items). The subject of the study is the description of the safest groups of shampoos for consumers, taking into account their price and subjective assessment of consumers. The initial data was information about the composition of each of the shampoos and toilet soaps, specified by the manufacturer on the product packaging of each tested hygienic product. During the study, comparative-descriptive, graphical, and statistical (method of K-means cluster analysis) methods of processing and providing information were used. The results of the work are of direct practical importance, as they represent a direct recommendation for the consumer, which is the need to choose personal hygiene products (shampoo) among the proposed lists of the safest samples with the lowest price and best consumer properties.

Creativity in Advertising: Impact on Communication-effect and Consumer purchase behaviour

Introduction and Background: Introduction of the triple mantra, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) in Indian Economy towards the beginning of 1990’s attracted many Multi-National Companies to Indian Consumer market. This new entry of MNC’s coupled with the struggle of traditional Indian corporate to survive in the market resulted in increased volume of advertisements and now the media are flooded with the advertisements of competing brands. Objectives: 1. To compare the level of Communication-Effect in terms of Advertising Effectiveness, among highly Creative advertising and Conventional Advertising. 2. To see the differences in Communication-Effect in terms of fulfilling Communication Objectives, in two groups of advertising. 3. To measure and compare the Attitude towards Advertisements generated by the two types of advertisements. Methods: The study reported here embodies a quantitative perspective and the type of research was designated as diagnostic research. The research method used to collect data was Sample Survey method. The sample size was determined as 200 and Multi-Stage Stratified Random Sampling method was resorted to as the sampling procedure. The research participants consisted of women, aged 18 to 49. Results: Among The Five Most Liked Ads by consumers, without any form of aid, Liril Toilet Soap’s commercial showing the fantasy of a dancing girl under waterfall gets the highest liking position. Other most liked ads are the commercials of Santhoor soap, Kanan Devan Tea, Close-up paste and Rasna soft drink. Highly Creative advertising has more Communication Effect in terms of Advertising Effectiveness when compared to Conventional advertising. Firstly, Highly Creative group gets higher level of Recall measured by both Brand and Ad Recall. Highly Creative advertising has significantly more Communication Effect in terms of other measures of Advertising Effectiveness. It has more Interest or Cognitive Affect (ICA), more Information value, lower Irritation level and higher positive Attitude towards Ads.

Determination of Alkali Content & Total Fatty Matter in Cleansing Agents

Cleaning products play an essential role in our daily lives. By safely and effectively removing soil, germs and other contaminants, they help us to stay healthy, care for our homes and possessions, and make our surrounding more pleasant. Soap is a mixture of sodium salt of various naturally occurring fatty acids. Total alkali and fatty matter contents are the most important characteristics describing the quality of soap and it is always specified in commercial transactions. The main objective of the study is to determine the total alkali content and total fatty matter content of some commonly used toilet and washing soaps.

Development of toilet soap production technology for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes

Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. For this purpose, natural components in the form of plant materials extracts can be introduced into its composition. To create a competitive product, the modified technology for the production of toilet soap for functional purposes, modified at the stage of introducing additives, was developed. Complex CO2 extract based on three herbs–chamomile, medicinal sage and eugenol basil was obtained as a therapeutic and prophylactic additive. The optimal quantitative ratios of the recipe ingredients of the product are extracted: dye: antioxidant (% wt)–(0.5 to 0.7): (0.06 to 0.1): (0.2 to 0.3) were obtained by mathematical planning using the binding characteristics between the composition and properties of soap. Samples of experimental soap obtained under industrial conditions were studied according to physicochemical parameters (the mass of fatty acids in terms of the nominal mass of a piece of 100g is 81g; the mass fraction of soda products in terms of Na2O is 0.08%; the pour point of fatty acids extracted from soap (titer)–38 ° C; mass fraction of sodium chloride–0.5%), foaming ability (400 - 410 cm3), shelf life (13–15 months). Comparison of research results with regulatory indicators proves that the developed technology of toilet soap allows getting a promising product with desired functional properties.

DETERGENTES: DE LOS PRINCIPIOS FÍSICOS A LAS APLICACIONES BIOFARMACÉUTICAS (O POR QUÉ PREVENIMOS LA COVID-19 CON AGUA Y JABÓN

Detergents are soluble amphiphiles that possess the capacity to solubilize fats, giving rise to water-soluble, lipid-detergent mixed micelles. Detergents find an extensive use in food and drink, textile, medical and pharmaceutical industries, among others. In molecular biology, detergents are irreplaceable tools in the solubilization of cell membranes and subsequent membrane protein purification. The present review summarizes four decades of investigation on detergents in the authors’ laboratory. An introduction on detergents and membranes is followed by a detailed, quantitative description of the mechanism of membrane solubilization by detergents, and a critical discussion of the concept of detergent-resistant membranes as related to the lipid raft hypothesis. An experimental section follows, summarizing the main results in the authors’ group. Finally, some biopharmaceutical applications are described. As a working example, the use of toilet soap in the prevention of COVID-19 is discussed.

Quality Analysis of Selected Toilet Soaps in Saudi Arabia Markets

Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction. The physicochemical properties of soaps determine their quality and hence determine their efficiency. Four toilet soaps from local markets in Saudi Arabia were analyzed for moisture, pH, free caustic alkali or free fatty acid, total fatty matter and insoluble matter in alcohol. The percentage of the moisture ranged between (3.0534±0.1782 -5.1235±0.4891 %), total fatty matter (79.6907± 0.0534 - 94.8253 ± 0.0622), insoluble matter in alcohol (0.7939± 0.0134 - 1.0368± 0.0234% (and there is no excess free caustic alkali. However, the pH values between (8.715±0.0219 - 9.745±0.0212). This study showed that the percent of moisture, free caustic alkali, insoluble matter, total fatty matter and pH values for different samples found to be in limited range. Finally, the percentage of free fatty acid are (1.0433±0.0813 -1.4107±0.1731%). The soaps analyzed proved to be of high quality and meet the standard values.

Safety evaluation of different variants of a topically applied toilet bar soap range using skin irritancy testing methods in the Nigerian population

Exposure to soaps can also alter the physiological properties of the skin such as pH, trans-epidermal water loss and sebum levels which are all determinants of skin irritability. Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the safety of different variants of a topically applied toilet soap range using skin irritancy testing methods in the Nigerian population. Five variants of commercially available soap bars were used in this study. Each subject was patch tested using standard methodology for application of patch test, with 5 variants of the proposed products. The pH, trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and serum levels of the skin were determined before and after wash test. Diffuse plaster erythema was observed in 15.4% participants with 18.5% complaining of itching on the plaster site. All five variants were negative for allergic contact dermatitis after 48 hours and 96 hours post patch test. The soap range ensured that post washing pH of skin was maintained at 6.41 ±0.07 for all participants in the study. Post washing, the sebum concentration on the skin was significantly reduced by 95.01% ± 0.07 (p = 0.018). The different variants of the topically applied soap bar were non – irritant, compatible with human skin and showed no sign of allergic contact dermatitis.