TOEFL Preparation Research Articles

Newbury House TOEFL Preparation Kit: Preparing for the TOEFL

Book reviewed in this article: Newbury House TOEFL Preparation Kit: Preparing for the Test of Written English Liz Hamp-Lyons.

Beyond Standardization: State Standards and School Improvement

The Elementary School Journal Volume 85, Number 3 ? 1985 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 001 3-5984/85/8503-0003$01 .00 State policies intended to improve education generally try either to set educational standards or to shape the educational process. Although states also seek to improve education through the allocation of funds, in recent years they have placed more emphasis on regulation-setting standards in the form of tests to be passed or educational procedures to be followed. Some policies are targeted on students; others, on teachers. The policies, of course, also affect schools, school systems, and, in certain cases, schools of education. In this paper, however, we focus on how policies affect the teacher-learner relationship as it occurs in classrooms.