Today's Children Research Articles

‘Makin’ it’ in the Heartland: Exploring perceptions of success among second-generation immigrant youth in St. Louis

IntroductionDebates in the literature on youth transitions and on immigrant adaptation acknowledge that recent societal shifts have altered the conditions for young people growing up today. As a result, traditional notions of success may limit our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to differential transitional and adaptation pathways among today's children of immigrants. This study explores the definitions of success among a sample of Bosnian-origin youth in St. Louis. MethodThe analysis is based on the first wave of in-depth qualitative interviews with 58 Bosnian second-generation youth (age 15–23) in St. Louis. Interviews lasted 45–90 min, were conducted in English, transcribed and coded following an inductive analytic logic. ResultsOverall the respondents complemented traditional notions of success, such as material stability and family formation with more subjective indicators such as self-fulfillment and happiness. ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance for future waves of data collection to trace how definitions of success evolve and how they shape particular trajectories of the youth in our study. On a more general level, these findings urge researchers to incorporate definitions of success that are not primarily based on social and economic status mobility in an effort to generate a more nuanced understanding of the adaptations and transitions to adulthood of today's children of immigrants.

CHILDREN IN FRENCH LITERATURE DURING THE LAST CENTURIES AND THEIR UZBEK TRANSLATIONS

In this article are analyzed the world view of children in French literature during the last centuries and his transmission into Uzbek translations in a comparisons with other works of centuries with allow to establish the differences in the lives of children as well as the imagination of today's children. In particular, for the nineteenth century is chosen “Without family”, written in 1878, one of the most famous novels of Hector Malot and “Mondo and other stories” of JMG Le Clézio, published in 1978, exactly a century after “Without family”. Also, is analyzed the reproduction of French reality words in Uzbek translations as well as to study other translation problems that translators may encounter during their work. For this purpose is chosen the originals of Ch. Perrault's tales as well as their Russian and Uzbek translations in a comparisons of the Uzbek translations of tales by Ch. Minovarov, M. Kholbekov, T. Alimov, I. nZorov and A. Akbar. During the analyzes are revealed several functions of translation such as communicative, cultural common, knowledge-luminous, educational etc. The translation literature serves not only to spread knowledge about the world and man, but actively promotes the formation of the worldview, morale, taste, orientation of values in person, the creation of accurate reports between people, i.e. promotes the establishment of our political, aesthetic, moral and value to life.

Gamified Kit That Will Raise Children's Environmental Awareness And Reduce Visual Pollution in Urban Landscapes

In today's world, more than half of the population lives in cities, and the amount of solid waste increases in parallel with the worldwide population increase. Cities face the problem of waste and recycling, which affects their image and causes visual pollution for the landscape, and efforts are being made to solve this problem. Conscious societies go from large scale to small scale solutions, from trash exchanges from other countries to modifying trash cans in the city. In order to maintain awareness, as well as adults, the education of environmental awareness of today's children who are adults of the future should be given great importance. In the study; BeTo kit was designed as a product concept based on sustainable awareness philosophy in order to provide solutions to these problems and to reduce visual pollution. This kit, which will be distributed to elementary classes, is a fun way to teach elementary school students how to sort and recycle garbage with gamification technique in collaboration with Retake Rome. Retake Rome is a movement of citizens, non-profit and non-party, engaged in the fight against degradation, in the enhancement of public assets and in the diffusion of civic sense in the territory. In the operation of the system, BeTo kit will be distributed to schools and waste will be separated and collected. The kit is designed to improve the sustainability of the livable environment and the visuality of the landscape. The kit designed for this application will contribute to product designers, environmental engineers, landscape architects, ecologists, primary school educators and other related disciplines in the studies to be conducted on the basis of improving the sustainability of the habitable environment and the visuality of the landscape in urban areas. In addition, it is thought that the proposed application will serve as a basis for municipalities and other city stakeholders for physical, social, and ecological studies in urban areas in the future. Key words: Sustainable environment, visual landscape, urban area, education, iot. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-02-03

How can we mitigate against increasing biophobia among children during the extinction of experience?

The ‘extinction of experience’ – the loss of direct interactions between people and nature – has the potential to increase negative attitudes towards nature (‘biophobia’). Increased biophobia has implications for biodiversity conservation, because it may lead to a reduced motivation to protect wild animals and their habitats. If biophobia among today's children is carried into adulthood, it may negatively affect future biodiversity conservation policy and outcomes. We conducted a large-scale questionnaire survey of schoolchildren in Japan, exploring several factors influencing their levels of biophobia (dislike, disgust, fear, and perceived danger) towards common invertebrates. Children's level of biophobia was negatively associated with their frequency of nature experiences and knowledge of invertebrates. It was positively associated with family members' biophobia and the degree of urbanisation surrounding the children's school. Our results suggest that the extinction of experience is likely to increase biophobia in children in the future. However, our findings also suggest that other factors can be used as counterbalances against its negative effects.

Biotechnology and Educational Awareness as Ecological Means to Handle Organic Residues

child is an asset & hope not only for Parents and family but also for the whole nation as “Children of today are the citizens...

ÇOCUK MÜZELERİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ VE İÇ MEKÂN YAKLAŞIMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Children's museums have become the most important educational places that assist schools and contribute to the growth of children in social, cognitive and psychomotor areas with the replacement of classical museology in the 20th century by modern museology. The Brooklyn Children's Museum, opened in 1899 in New York, the United States of America, is the world's first children's museum, inspired by the ideas of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and Jean Piegat, one of the period 's major thinkers. The starting point of this museum was to encourage the curiosity and desire of children to experience and study, to encourage them to learn by touch and to facilitate the opening of many museums for children. Children's museums should be built to meet the needs of today's children, which we might call the millennial generation, with the advent of technology. For this purpose, space designs are needed where visual, tactile, auditory functions are best designed and interactive areas of display are used. The meaning, historical creation and interior approaches of museums for children are explored in this study with a literature review from written sources. Research findings have been examined in three exhibition areas, especially the interior space of the structural approaches operating as a children's museum in the world and Turkey. The aim of the research is to contribute to literature and serve as an auxiliary resource for interior architects and architects involved in the design of the museum for children.

"Their reward will be a lovely daughter": The Mobilization of "Hard to Adopt" and the Portrayal of Adoption as a Gift

We analyzed 4300 advertisements of children featured in the Today's Child column, a daily written by Helen Allen in The Toronto Telegram and The Toronto Star 1964–1982, to illustrate the movement of "hard to adopt" children through the network of adoption. Children featured in the column were characterized by adoptable or unadoptable traits and made into objects. Through an actor network theory framework, we understand how the hierarchy of specific characterizations of "hard to adopt" reached the Canadian public.

A Comparative Study: Assess the Nutritional Status of Toddlers among Urban Area and Rural area

Today's children are tomorrow's world or tomorrow's father” this slogan is riding a massive wave of concern throughout the world. Hunger and malnutrition make them worst sufferers and these pose potential threats to mankind as a whole or to the civilization itself. According to Gujarat Demographic and Health Survey (20132014), there is 13.6% malnourished child in rural Gujarat and 6.5% malnourished child in urban Gujarat. The underweight prevalence rate is 59% of toddlers.1

A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity on Cognition and Brain Health across Children and Adolescence.

Physical activity (PA) can improve physical, mental, cognitive, and brain health throughout the lifespan. During preadolescent childhood, the benefits of PA for cognitive health have been widely studied, with evidence indicating enhanced executive control, improved academic performance, and adaptation in underlying brain structure and function. Across school age children, the predominant literature has focused on preadolescent children, with a comparatively smaller body of evidence in adolescent children. Yet, preliminary findings suggest improvements in verbal, numeric, and reasoning abilities as well as academic achievements. Further, benefits of PA are also rarely examined in preschool children. Consequently, lack of standardization across studies has led to various approaches in the measurement of PA and fitness. However, since implementing tools that objectively quantify active play, PA has been related to better executive function, language acquisition, and academic achievement. Despite evidence that PA promotes cognitive and brain health during development, a growing number of schools have minimized PA opportunities across the school day. The minimization of PA along with several other factors, including lack of active commuting to school, nutrition transition, and availability of electronic devices, for example, has reduced children's physical and mental health. Accordingly, today's children have become increasingly inactive, which affects public health and contributes to educational concerns. By dedicating time to active play, sports, physical education, and other forms of PA, children are best positioned to thrive in both the physical and cognitive domains.

Swarna Prashana-an Ayurvedic Immunization

A child is an asset & hope not only for Parents and family but also for the whole nation as “Children of today are the citizens.

Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Evidence, Barriers, and Best Practices.

Severe obesity among youth is an "epidemic within an epidemic" and portends a shortened life expectancy for today's children compared with those of their parents' generation. Severe obesity has outpaced less severe forms of childhood obesity in prevalence, and it disproportionately affects adolescents. Emerging evidence has linked severe obesity to the development and progression of multiple comorbid states, including increased cardiometabolic risk resulting in end-organ damage in adulthood. Lifestyle modification treatment has achieved moderate short-term success among young children and those with less severe forms of obesity, but no studies to date demonstrate significant and durable weight loss among youth with severe obesity. Metabolic and bariatric surgery has emerged as an important treatment for adults with severe obesity and, more recently, has been shown to be a safe and effective strategy for groups of youth with severe obesity. However, current data suggest that youth with severe obesity may not have adequate access to metabolic and bariatric surgery, especially among underserved populations. This report outlines the current evidence regarding adolescent bariatric surgery, provides recommendations for practitioners and policy makers, and serves as a companion to an accompanying technical report, "Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery for Pediatric Patients With Severe Obesity," which provides details and supporting evidence.

CORRECT BODY POSTURE AND REMEDIATION OF A BAD BODY POSTURE AT PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN

Preschool children are in a period of the most intense growth and development, and this is also a period when physical education can be used more effectively to guide their proper development. On the other hand, if the necessary care is not taken, the occurrence of poor physical development of preschool children of young school age is increasingly emphasized as a problem, primarily as a consequence of the modern way of life, in which the reduced volume of physical activity is particularly emphasized. We want to emphasize that this is an age where the growth and development of children is very intense and accelerated, so the effects of external and internal factors in both directions are very large and this fact should always be taken into consideration by children's institutions, educators, doctors, parents and to give special care to it. The spinal column was especially endangered during this period, as a basis for proper posture and proper growth and development. Today's children spend most of their days at home, growing and developing with the control and influence of computers, mobile phones, video games and the end of the TV screen, so there is very little time to move around. The author, pointing to the problem, encloses the choice of therapeutic exercises with the application of which could be much influenced in order to prevent the occurrence of poor posture and the formation of physical deformities.

Comparison of walk-DMC values for typically developing children between motion analysis centers

Treating burns effectively requires accurately assessing the percentage of the total body surface area (%TBSA) affected by burns. Current methods for estimating %TBSA, such as Lund and Browder (L&B) tables, rely on historic body statistics. An increasingly obese population has been blamed for increasing errors in %TBSA estimates. However, this assumption has not been experimentally validated. We hypothesized that errors in %TBSA estimates using L&B were due to differences in the physical proportions of today's children compared with children in the early 1940s when the chart was developed and that these differences would appear as body mass index (BMI)-associated systematic errors in the L&B values versus actual body surface areas.We measured the TBSA of human pediatric cadavers using computed tomography scans. Subjects ranged from 9 mo to 15 y in age. We chose outliers of the BMI distribution (from the 31st percentile at the low through the 99th percentile at the high). We examined surface area proportions corresponding to L&B regions.Measured regional proportions based on computed tomography scans were in reasonable agreement with L&B, even with subjects in the tails of the BMI range. The largest deviation was 3.4%, significantly less than the error seen in real-world %TBSA estimates.While today's population is more obese than those studied by L&B, their body region proportions scale surprisingly well. The primary error in %TBSA estimation is not due to changing physical proportions of today's children and may instead lie in the application of the L&B table.

Propostas de formação para Educadores de Infância e Professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

The article presented below is a proposal for the training of Educators and Teachers of 1st Cycle of Basic Education in Portugal to be extended, in this case in particular, to new technologies. We refer to the importance of computer science in the initial training of 1st cycle Teachers and Teachers to make it easier for Educators and Teachers to deal with the needs of today's children, as well as to guide them in this new learning process, and can help to work the information they acquire outside the school environment, taking into account that information is not knowledge and the student continues to need to be guided by someone who has already worked or is able to work on that information, thus adding another function to the functions of Educator and Professor, that of information managers. One of the challenges in educating teachers and educators is related to the need to adapt to a changing society where technology and spatial analysis have become essential. The role of the teacher is changing but it does not diminish in importance. It now has the function of transforming information into knowledge. In this context, new technologies are an important tool. We have constructed this article based on the opinions of several authors, authors that have also been the basis of a thesis that contains the empirical part alluding to the theme described here.

Malnutrition in developing countries: nutrition disorders, a leading cause of ill health in the world today

Shockingly, malnutrition remains a dominant cause of mortality, morbidity and lost potential in today's children. In 2017, more than 1 in 5 children did not achieve their growth potential and were at risk of the associated long-term deficits in cognitive development. Stunting affects almost 40% of children in South Asia and the number of stunted children in Africa is rising. More than 1 in 14 of the world's children are wasted. Forty-five percent of all deaths in under-fives are attributable to undernutrition. Meanwhile, overweight affects 1 in 20 of the world's children. One in four overweight children live in Asia and numbers are expected to increase. Management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a huge challenge in low resource healthcare settings and mortality rates remain high. Current interventions to prevent malnutrition have limited impact. More effective prevention and treatment of malnutrition is needed urgently.

Family Socioeconomic Status and Early Life Mortality Risk in the United States.

We examine the association between several dimensions of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among children and youth (ages 1-24) in the United States. We use Cox proportional hazard models to estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk based on data from the 1998 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files (NHIS-LMFs), restricted to children and youth ages 1-17 at the time of survey followed through age 24, or the end of the follow-up period in 2015 (N = 377,252). Children and youth in families with lower levels of mother's education, father's education, and/or family income-to-needs ratio exhibit significantly higher all-cause mortality risk compared with children and youth living in higher SES families. For example, compared to children and youth living with mothers who earned college degrees, those living with mothers who have not graduated high school experience 40% higher risk of early life mortality over the follow-up period, due in part to higher mortality risks of unintentional injuries and homicides. Similarly, children/youth whose fathers did not graduate high school experience a 41% higher risk of dying before age 25 compared to those with fathers who completed college. Today's children and youth experience clear disparities in mortality risk across several dimensions of parental SES. As the U.S. continues to lag behind other high-income countries in health and mortality, more attention and resources should be devoted to improving children's health and well-being, including the family and household contexts in which American children live.

On alert

Today's children will be the most affected by climate change, and we shouldn't hide this from them, says Professor John Siraj-Blatchford

The concepts of modern parents about their own childhood and the childhood of their children: comparative research

Introduction: as modern society undergoes global transformations, childhood as a historically determined socio-cultural phenomenon changes, as well. The transformations of modern childhood arouse increasing interest among the researchers, but it is also important to get an idea of how modern parents who grew up under different socio-cultural conditions see their child’s childhood now. Materials and methods: we used the sentence completion technique. The results were processed using the method of content analysis. Findings: the parents’ image of childhood has a certain structure and dynamics. The image of modern childhood transforms depending on the age of the child, whose childhood is described by the parents. The basic, steady components of the childhood image are parents, family, and the time that child spends with his/her parents. The dynamic components correspond to the peculiarities of child’s age-related needs: for a preschooler, this is positive emotional background created by the family (joy, happiness, sense of security), for a younger teenager, this is school and studying, for an older teenager, this is virtual communication, life in the information space. In contrast, the parents’ image of their own childhood is more static and stereotypical: its core content is close relationships with parents and family as well as strong positive emotional background (“happy childhood”) which corresponds to the image of preschool childhood. Discussion and conclusions: the image of childhood reflects parents’ intuitive ideas about the basic needs of their children. In general, parents’ ideas about childhood correspond with the traditionally specified age-related content of the need-motivational sphere that doesn’t fundamentally change in the generation of today's children, although it is realized in slightly different forms. Adults perceive their own childhood as well as the childhood of their children directly, without evaluating it; however, more mature parents try to interpret the changes they observe in the modern childhood.

The (Mis) Education of Immigrant Children in Today’s America

In today’s America, not every child starts on a level playing field, and very few children move ahead based solely on hard work or talent. Generational poverty and a lack of cultural capital hold many students back, robbing them of the opportunity to move up professionally and socially. Children of immigrants are especially at-risk because, in addition to facing poverty, race, geographical location or economic disadvantages, they are also confronted with failure due to their limited or non-existent English proficiency. This study focuses on the degree to which teachers in a mid-sized urban school district take into consideration the individual needs of immigrant children in the process of their education. The study also examines the preparation teachers have had to equip them with knowledge of best practices in teaching immigrant children, and the relationship between teachers’ practices, beliefs, and their demographic and personal characteristics (age, gender, years of experience, level of education, etc.). Quantitative data was collected via a survey. Interviews with teachers and one central office administrator provided data for the qualitative section of the study. The findings revealed that teachers, in general, appeared to lack knowledge of specific policies for mainstreaming immigrant students into general education classrooms; their use of effective teaching practices for working with immigrant children were limited; and most of the teachers had not participated actively in professional development that focused on teaching immigrant children.

Advertising ‘Happy’ Children: The Settler Family, Happiness and the Indigenous Child Removal System

We analyse 4300 advertisements of children featured in the Today's Child column, a daily written by Helen Allen in The Toronto Telegram and The Toronto Star from 1964 to 1982, to understand how the Canadian public became accepting of the adoption of Indigenous children. While children of all ethnic backgrounds were featured, the Indigenous children who were displayed were part of a larger system of child removal, known as the ‘Sixties Scoop’. We demonstrate the ways Indigenous children are described with a specific form of happiness that is conjoined with colonial conceptions of the family and nation.