Region Of Tocantins Research Articles

Childbirth dynamics in the riverside region of the Brazilian Amazon from the perspective of geospatialization.

to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern of childbirths and flow of postpartum women assisted at a regional reference maternity hospital. ecological study of 4,081 childbirths, between September 2018 and December 2021, at a public maternity hospital in the Baixo Tocantins region, Pará, Brazil. With data collected from five sources, a geographic database was constructed, and spatial analysis was used with Kernel density interpolator. Maps were generated using QGis/3.5 and TerraView/4.3, calculating chi-square (p<0.05). the highest concentrations of normal and cesarean childbirths were observed in Barcarena (n=2,558/62.68%), Abaetetuba (n=750/18.38%), Moju (n=363/8.89%) and Igarapé-Miri (n=219/5.37%). Among the municipalities in the region, ten had obstetric beds, totaling 210 beds. In this scenario, postpartum women traveled up to 288 km to reach the maternity hospital. long distances between certain municipalities of residence and maternity hospital, and low supply of obstetric beds, were identified as risk factors for unfavorable obstetric outcomes.

Proposta metodológica para o indicador das áreas potenciais de ocorrência de açaí na região do Baixo Tocantins, Pará

Açaí is highly significant both economically and nutritionally for the communities of the Baixo Tocantins region in the state of Pará, Brazil. However, mapping açaí palm trees has proven to be a challenging task due to their location beneath the forest canopy, which complicates their identification through orbital satellite imagery. To address this challenge, this study aimed to identify potential areas of native açaí occurrence by employing map algebra with Boolean operation rules, integrating land use and land cover data with hydro-topographic data generated using the Height Above the Nearest Drainage algorithm (HAND). The results indicate that approximately 56% of the study area has some potential for native açaí occurrence. To validate the classification, 66 field samples related to fruit production were analyzed, resulting in 70% agreement. Of these, approximately 80% showed high potential for açaí occurrence. These findings provide valuable insights for a broader discussion on regional public policies related to the açaí economy, as the spatialization of this indicator can support local population inclusion while encouraging the conservation of forest resources.

Determining hydraulic parameters using the free jet benches

The free jet bench, developed by Algetec for educational and teaching purposes, provides a controlled environment for analysing phenomena associated with fluid jets. It allows water dynamics to be explored using different types of nozzles, providing crucial data for advanced hydraulic analyses. To this end, the hydraulic efficiency of nozzles with different diameters was evaluated, measuring parameters such as flow velocity, flow rate and jet range. The experiment was carried out at the Hydraulic Irrigation and Hydrology Laboratory (LIHH) at the Agricultural Sciences Centre of the State University of the Tocantins Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), using the free jet bench available in the laboratory. A completely randomised experimental design was adopted, with four treatments and five replications each, using nozzles with diameters of 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm. The results showed that the height of the water column directly influences outlet velocity and pressure. Nozzles with larger diameters had a significant impact on horizontal reach and flow, while smaller nozzles performed less well in these aspects. These findings are key to optimising the selection and design of nozzles in hydraulic systems, improving efficiency and performance in practical applications.

Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion.

Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

Growth of millet and sorghum in monoculture and consortium under fertilization levels

The choice of suitable species for maintaining soil protection is a challenge for researchers who work with no-till. Thus, the objective was to evaluate growth and half-life in cover plants, such as millet and sorghum, in monoculture systems and in consortium under three levels of fertilization in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. The experiment was submitted to 13 years of cultivation, being: 8 years under a conventional system with plowing and leveling harrows; 2 years under using subsoiler and leveling harrow afterwards and 3 years under no-tillage system, with depth of until 20 cm. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with three replications. In the monoculture system, the yield and permanence of millet straw on the soil surface was higher in relation to sorghum, in the intercropped system the sorghum has a higher yield and permanence on the soil surface. It appears that the fertilization for all species expressed higher yield in their development and growth, thus having a greater dry mass. Through the results it is possible to conclude that the use of intercropped sorghum is more advantageous for straw production, in the monoculture the millet stood out, especially with the addition fertilizer.

Prevalence of brucellosis in beef cattle in the northern region of Tocantins, Brazil, and implications of anatomopathological changes discovered during post mortem inspection of the carcass

Brucellosis is a infectious zoonosis with important health and economic impacts, both for animal production and public health. We aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in beef cattle in the microregions of Araguaína and Bico do Papagaio in northern Tocantins and to verify whether there are post-mortem changes suggestive of brucellosis in the carcasses. A total of 2,871 serum samples (2,203 males and 668 females) were collected in the municipality of Araguaína between October and November 2019, from 76 beef cattle herds in 25 municipalities in the north of Tocantins. The screening for buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and confirmation test for 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) were conducted as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA). Of the samples, 37.31% were reactive in the BAPA test, and of these, 26.24% were confirmed for 2-ME. Thus, 9.79% (281) of the total evaluated samples tested positive for the presence of brucellosis. The prevalence in males and females was 6.45% (142) and 20.81% (139), respectively. Among the herds evaluated, 77.6% (59) had at least one individual test positive for brucellosis, and at least one herd tested positive in each of the 25 municipalities sampled. As this study evaluated animals in a slaughterhouse, the higher prevalence of positive females may have been related to the disposal of animals with reproductive problems. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of brucellosis in slaughter cattle between the microregions evaluated (p &gt; 0.05). No animals were reagent for brucellosis in ante-mortem documentation, and no anatomopathological changes suggestive of brucellosis were observed during post-mortem inspection. The most frequent post-mortem findings were contamination (43.91%), blood aspiration (17.36%), and pulmonary emphysema (15.98%). Considering the official results of the monitoring programs of the state of Tocantins and previous studies, post-mortem macroscopic inspection of carcasses may not be enough to detect animals with this zoonosis, and it may be necessary to take measures to promote animal and public health.

Extraction and characterization of oil from the pulp of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) produced manually in the allotment Piauzinho Municipality of Pium - TO

Research with the oil extracted from pequi can collaborate with the improvement of the extraction process, commercialization and generation of employment and income of this extractive activity. The objective of this work was the biometric characterization of the fruit and physicochemical analysis of the oil extracted from the pequi pulp produced by hand in the Piauzinho TO subdivision, comparing the results obtained in research carried out in the Tocantins region. An experimental study was carried out by harvesting the fruits and extracting the oil from the pequi pulp in the field. The physicochemical analyzes of the oil were carried out in the laboratory of the Federal Institute of Food Science and Technology Education - IFTO, Paraíso do Tocantins campus. The fruits were harvested, selected and transported for analysis in the laboratories. The results of the physical-chemical and biometric analyzes were submitted to analysis of variance. There were significant differences by Tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05) in fruits and oils. The studied fruits show increases of 16.1% in height, 4.3% to 14.7% in longitudinal diameter, 3.5% to 21.2% in equatorial diameter, 3.6% to 36.7%, in fruit mass and 7.9% to 35.9% in the number of pyrenes in relation to the literature. The extracted oil presented density, acidity, peroxide and saponification with lower values ​​and higher humidity and viscosity than those found in the literature. The oil analyzed in the study presented values ​​for acidity and peroxide indexes within the established by current legislation and can be consumed and applied as raw material in industrial applications.

The Distribution and Bioecological Aspects of Sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Municipality of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Sandflies are nematocerous dipterans that present significant diversity and geographic distribution and are responsible for the transmission of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Brazil, leishmaniases is emerging and is undergoing a clear geographic expansion, marked in all geographic regions. In recent decades, the state of Tocantins has reported human cases of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis and, in this context, knowledge about the composition of the sandfly fauna and distribution of these dipterans can contribute to surveillance and control actions. Monthly captures with CDC light traps (model HP) were carried out during 42 months in four monitoring stations (EM), two in the urban area and two in the rural area of the municipality of Araguaína, located in the northern region of Tocantins. A total of 8,518 sandflies, belonging to 37 species, were captured and the presence of five potential vectors of Leishmania spp., Lutzomyia longipalpis, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Psychodopygus ayrozai, Nyssomyia whitmani and Nyssomyia antunesi were detected. The analysis of ISA and SISA revealed that Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia carmelinoi, Nyssomyia antunesi, Nyssomyia whitmani and Evandromyia walkeri were the most abundant species and the six species showed significant correlation between the sandflies captured with meteorological variables of up to four months.

Allele and genotype frequency for milk beta-casein in dairy cattle in the northern region of Tocantins State, Brazil

At present, there is a concern about the quality of milk and diseases related to its consumption, as it can generate discomfort and allergic reactions in some individuals due to its protein components. Thus, the present study was developed to identify the allele and genotype frequencies of genes for β casein, A1 and A2, in dairy herds in the region of Araguaína-TO, Brazil. Genetic material from 421 animals (crossbred dairy cattle in lactation) was used. All animals were numbered for identification, and DNA samples were extracted from hair bulbs. Samples for two markers from the polymorphic regions were characterized and confirmed by real time PCR using the ABI Prism® 7500 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems). Allele and genotype frequencies were determined using the TaqMan™ detection system, where the primer and probe release different fluorescence signals for each allele of the polymorphism. The sampled herd showed frequencies of 28.27% for the A1 allele and 71.73% for the A2 allele. Genotype frequencies were 52.96% (223/421) for A2A2; 37.53% (158/421) for the A1A2 genotype; and 9.50% (40/421) for the A1A1 genotype. The frequency of the A1 allele for β-casein in dairy herds from the northern region of Tocantins was low and is per the results of previous studies. Although the A2A2 genotype of β-casein had a high relative frequency, the A1A2 genotype is still rather frequent, warranting greater selection pressure.

Production of xylanase by Aspergillus sp. ART500.1 on agroindustrial residues and its biochemical properties

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of different agro-industrial residues for the production of xylanase by Aspergillus sp. ART 100.1, as well as analyzing the biochemical properties of the enzyme. Agroindustrial residues malt bagasse, pineapple crown, açaí bagasse and soybean husk present in large quantities in the Tocantins region were used to evaluate the production of xylanase. Cultivation conditions for xylanase production were evaluated in submerged and solid-state cultivation. The highest production of xylanase in submerged cultivation was obtained using soybean husk residue (23.60 U/mL), while, for solid-state cultivation conditions, the highest production of xylanase was obtained with malt bagasse (110.00 U/g). The effect of additives to the culture medium was also evaluated, with the best result for the use of the xylose additive in the pineapple crown in solid-state cultivation. The enzyme produced in solid-state cultivation was characterized in terms of pH and temperature. The optimum activity pH was observed at 5.0 and for temperature at 55 °C. The xylanase was stable in a pH range between 4 and 5 and retained 50% of its activity at 45 °C after 110 minutes. The Aspergillus sp. ART 500.1 presents potential for the production of xylanase using agro-industrial residues, enabling the development of bioprocesses for the scaling of production.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON Vigna Unguilata (L.) WALP

This study aimed to estimate the association of P2O5 doses with and without rhizobia inoculation to maximize the agronomic performance and yield of cowpea on an Oxisol in the Cerrado region of Tocantins. The experiments were carried out in two periods during the 2014/2015 growing season at the Experimental Farm of Gurupi belonging to the Federal University of Tocantins, using the variety BRS Novaera. Inoculation was carried out with a standard strain recommended for cowpea. The experimental designs were randomized in blocks in a 2×6 factorial arrangement, with the first factor consisting of the inoculation (presence and absence) and the second factor consisting of six phosphorus doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha−1 of P2O5), totaling 12 treatments with four replications. Total chlorophyll, leaf P content, flowering, hundred-grain weight, and yield were evaluated. Phosphorus fertilization had a positive influence on the total chlorophyll, flowering, and leaf P content of cowpea on the Oxisol in the Cerrado region of Tocantins. The application of 113.42 kg ha−1 of P2O5 provided a yield of 1,124 kg ha−1 in the first planting period, corresponding to an 83% increase. However, phosphorus fertilization and inoculation increased grain yield in the second period, with the maximum yield reaching 145.94 kg ha−1, obtained with the maximum effect dose of 123.04 kg ha−1 of P2O5, with a yield gain of 257.3%.

SOIL CARBON STOCKS AND LABILE FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER UNDER DIFFERENTS VEGETATIONS COVERAGES IN GURUPI – TO

Soils represent a large reservoir of carbon (C), and changes in use and management can impact C balance and global climate control. The study aimed to determine the effect of changes in vegetation cover on soil C stocks and labile fractions in the Cerrado biome in the southern region of Tocantins. The work was developed in areas of Eucalyptus sp., pasture, agriculture and cerrado sensu stricto at the experimental farm in Federal University of Tocantins. The soil samples were collected in trenches of 70 x 70 cm at depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm, with six replications. Statistical analysis was performed using the normality test, analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% significance. On Eucalyptus stands, the soil's carbon was higher than native forest vegetation, pasture and agriculture. The contents of labile carbon (C-labile) and light organic matter (LOM) were 26.80 and 41.58% higher for the Eucalyptus sp. compared to native forest, 25.75 and 35.76% for pasture, and 48.39 and 9.50% for agriculture, respectively. Among the different areas evaluated, it was found that Eucalyptus sp. it has great potential to increase the carbon storage in the soil, C-labile and light organic matter.

Access to Health Services and Assistance Offered to the Afro-Descendant Communities in Northern Brazil: A Qualitative Study.

The remnants of quilombos, individuals of African descent, have faced several barriers throughout its history, either due to prejudice imposed by society, or the non-fulfillment of their rights guaranteed in the 1988 Constitution, such as access to health services. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the health care offered to quilombo communities in the northern region of Tocantins. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, including field research and focus group, carried out with 58 quilombo remnants people from communities in the northern region of Tocantins. Data collection was carried out between from October 2017 to July 2018, through semi-structured interviews. We found that these communities have limited access to health services, in addition to a negative perception of the assistance offered to the health of their population and the commitment of managers. Therefore, access to health and assistance received by the studied communities required to be prioritized since the care provided is not unique and has not met the health demands and needs of the remaining quilombos in northern Tocantins, Brazil.

Relatos e reflexões sobre museu e museologia

O presente artigo buscou compreender a importância da temática dos museus na concepção de acadêmicos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), campus Araguaína. Para isso, sistematizou ideias, experiências e reflexões obtidas durante a disciplina de Fundamentos da Museologia. O texto também apresenta um breve histórico da instituição museu e estabelece diálogo entre alguns autores e pesquisadores que tratam do tema. A partir da aplicação de um questionário com a temática museológica, discute e reflete sobre os relatos dos estudantes sobre museus e museologia. Além disso, problematiza as principais questões respondidas, sobre o que é e como é constituído um museu, sua importância social e pessoal para quem o visita. Como considerações, destaca que os estudantes do Curso de História, que responderam ao questionário, elaborado durante a disciplina de Fundamentos da Museologia, têm concepções do museu como um lugar que tem o objetivo, sobretudo de preservar o passado. O que pode ter relação com o não acesso desses estudantes às instituições museológicas, considerando a pouca existência de museus, principalmente, na região norte do Tocantins. Para além disso, outro problema que se colocou foi a questão da formação dos estudantes de História, que deveriam minimamente compreender a importância dos museus e sua função na sociedade, o que nos convida a fazer outras investigações. Nesse caminho, acreditamos que a inserção de estudos sobre os museus nos currículos dos cursos de História pode ser uma alternativa possível.

THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19: The impacts and trends in the process of continuing teacher education

The article aims to analyze the implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the field of education in the region of Tocantins' Amazon, especially for the process of continuing education for teachers in the State Education System. The research is based on historical dialectical materialism, having as reference the bibliographic and documentary research in ordinances, provisional measures, decrees, opinions and other normative mechanisms issued, mainly, by the Ministry of Education, National Council of Education, Government of the State of Tocantins and State Education Council. From a critical perspective, it is assumed that the adoption of public-private partnerships as an educational policy and the expansion of distance education greatly compromises the constitutional principle of democratic management and the quality of education.&#x0D;

Emotional Repercussion and Changes Experienced by Family Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer's: A Study in the Southern Region of Tocantins, Brazil

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common dementia among the elderly, but unfortunately, the early symptoms are mistaken for natural aspects of age. Thus, knowledge is an excellent tool to get a diagnosis still in the early stage.&#x0D; Aims: Therefore, this article addresses the psychological reactions of family caregivers of individuals with that disorder and coping conditions experienced by them.&#x0D; Methods: To this end, an exploratory descriptive study of qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews with primary caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer took place, and some of the participants were appointed by indicated Regional Tocantinense Association Brasilian Alzheimer’s - ABRAZ, not exceeding the expected number, the researchers received help in the indication of caregivers who were already part of this research.&#x0D; Results: Regarding the coping conditions, there was family resilience, some resorted even psychological aid, since the change in routine was essential for the welfare of the elderly. Five respondents knew little about the disease before diagnosis, however, they began to delve into the matter with a view to aid in the treatment. Thus the knowledge acquired over time only came to add, thereby contributing to an improvement in the quality of life in both parties.&#x0D; Conclusion: The look of psychology facing the coping experienced by caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s is of paramount importance, as well as knowledge of caregivers about the disease, although acquired over time, contributed to an improvement in the quality of life of both parties.

THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19: The impacts and trends in the process of continuing teacher education

The article aims to analyze the implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the field of education in the region of Tocantins' Amazon, especially for the process of continuing education for teachers in the State Education System. The research is based on historical dialectical materialism, having as reference the bibliographic and documentary research in ordinances, provisional measures, decrees, opinions and other normative mechanisms issued, mainly, by the Ministry of Education, National Council of Education, Government of the State of Tocantins and State Education Council. From a critical perspective, it is assumed that the adoption of public-private partnerships as an educational policy and the expansion of distance education greatly compromises the constitutional principle of democratic management and the quality of education.

Processo de enfermagem em práticas de urgência e emergência: relato de experiência

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivenciada por acadêmicos de enfermagem no setor de urgência e emergência em hospital municipal no interior do estado do Pará, que consistiu em observar e descrever as práticas da equipe de enfermagem pautadas no processo de enfermagem. Relato de Experiência: Estudo do tipo relato de experiência, por ocasião de estágio não obrigatório realizado em um hospital municipal público de pequeno porte, localizado na região do baixo Tocantins, no período compreendido entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo método de observação estruturada, que consistiu em identificar na conduta da equipe a aplicação das etapas do Processo de Enfermagem. Os atendimentos de enfermagem, iniciavam pela fase de Coleta de Dados que culminava com o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem e Intervenção. Posteriormente, procedia-se com a avaliação de enfermagem. O Enfermeiro dava prioridade ao atendimento das principais queixas clínicas do paciente, assumindo condutas médicas como a prescrição medicamentosa, solicitação de exames radiográficos e procedimentos como sutura. Conclusão: Observou-se que processo de enfermagem implementado de forma incompleta e equivocada, com inconformidades nas práticas de enfermagem, expressam razões que perpassam na sobrecarga de responsabilidades à falta de conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem em manipular suas taxonomias específicas.

Evaluating spatial patterns in precipitation trends across the Amazon basin driven by land cover and global scale forcings

Spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall are governed by complex interactions between climate and landscape perturbations including deforestation, fire, and drought. Previous research demonstrated that rainfall in portions of the Amazon Basin has intensified, resulting in more extreme droughts and floods. The basin has global impacts on climate and hydrologic cycles; thus, it is critical to understand how precipitation patterns and intensity are changing. Due to insufficient precipitation gauges, we analyzed the variability and seasonality of rainfall over the Amazon Basin from 1982 to 2018 using high-resolution gridded precipitation products. We developed several precipitation indices and analyzed their trends using the Mann–Kendall test (Mann 1945; Kendall, 1975) to identify significant changes in rainfall patterns over time and space. Our results show landscape scale changes in the timing and intensity of rainfall events. Specifically, wet areas of the western Basin have become significantly wetter since 1982, with an increase of 182 mm of rainfall per year. In the eastern and southern regions, where deforestation is widespread, a significant drying trend is evident. Additionally, local alterations to precipitation patterns were also observed. For example, the Tocantins region has had a significant increase in the number of dry days during both wet and dry seasons, increasing by about 1 day per year. Surprisingly, changes in rainfall amount and number of dry days do not consistently align. Broadly, over this 37-year period, wet areas are trending wetter and dry areas are trending drier, while spatial anomalies show structure at the scale of hundreds of kilometers.

A formação de instrutores de Libras: a consolidação das políticas linguísticas na Amazônia Tocantina

O estudo apresenta registros e reflexões sobre as políticas linguísticas na Amazônia Tocantina no tange à formação de instrutores de Libras. As políticas linguísticas apresentam raízes nas políticas públicas e ao pensar nelas no campo da surdez enfatiza-se a importância de um espaço e uma educação bilíngue para Surdos e profissionais capacitados em Libras – instrutores e intérpretes. Por tratar desse objeto, o Grupo de Estudos Surdos na Amazônia Tocantina (GESAT), propôs em 2017 a formação de instrutores de Libras com o intuito de formar profissionais para o ensino de Libras nas escolas do Campo e reafirmar as políticas linguísticas no campo das diferenças. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as contribuições do curso na formação e capacitação deste profissional e de maneira específica problematizar a atuação dos instrutores de Libras Surdos enquanto modelo linguístico e identitário. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa com ênfase na Teoria das Representações Sociais de característica processual de Moscovici (2009). Os entrevistados foram quatro Surdos egressos da formação. Nos resultados observou-se que os entrevistados marcaram sua atuação como: consolidação das políticas públicas e linguísticas na área da Libras e como modelo identitário para o ensino de Surdos pautado no reconhecimento da diferença como alteridade e no bilinguismo.