Tobacco Research Articles

Determining Factors for Farmers’ Decision in Crop Selection (Case Study: Post-Harvest Tobacco Cropping Pattern and Red Chili Cropping Pattern in Jember Regency)

This research aims to analyze the determining factors in the selection of planting patterns for post-harvest tobacco and red chili. The study was conducted in the Ambulu District and Wuluhan District, Jember Regency, Indonesia, as both areas are centers for post-harvest tobacco and red chili cultivation. The research utilized a sample size of 50 respondents from the Ambulu District and 50 respondents from the Wuluhan District, totaling 100 respondents. The sampling technique employed was snowball sampling. Data analysis tools included binary logit regression, R/C ratio, and independent t-test. The research findings indicate that the determining variables influencing farmers’ decisions in selecting planting patterns are land area, income, and farming experience. Based on financial analysis, the income of post-harvest tobacco farmers is greater than that of red chili farmers. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the income of post-harvest tobacco farmers and red chili farmers.

Does contract farming arrangement improve smallholder tobacco productivity? Evidence from Zimbabwe

Contract Farming Arrangements (CFA) can be viewed as a pro-active response to lack of reliable markets and steeply rising input prices. CFA proponents argue that CFA can enhance technical efficiency of tobacco farming and productivity. Thus, in this study, the paper interrogates the effect of CFA on tobacco productivity in southern Africa: Hurungwe district of Zimbabwe. The study controls for both observable and unobservable factors, like age, education, and ability to use information-unknown to the researchers, explaining farmers decision to participate in CFA. The study uses the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model, which also acts as a robust check for the Propensity Score Matching techniques as it studies both observable and unobservable factors influencing CFA participation. Based on the ESR model, this study finds that CFA improves tobacco productivity by 39%. Nonetheless, CFA is labour-intensive. Hence, women and the elderly are less likely to participate in CFA, suggesting the need to develop gender-sensitive labour-saving technologies. Even though tobacco products kill their users, we would like to explore whether CFA can make farming more productive or not. We hypothesize that if tobacco farming would be more productive, then perhaps farmers will have enough money to buy food so they can be healthier even if the tobacco leaves, they grow can kill people elsewhere. Thus, these results inform CFA-related policies that improve smallholder tobacco productivity in Southern Africa. With existing tobacco controls, these results are equally valid to other cash crops where most developing economies anticipate the majority resource-constrained smallholder farmers to shift their production systems entirely away from tobacco in the immediate future.

Functional Validation and Promoter DNA Methylation Analysis of the OfPAO Gene of Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’

Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ is a colored leaf variety of O. fragrans. To study the mechanism of leaf color formation in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’, we selected green and colored leaves with two different parts, namely yellow and green, as our research materials. We analyzed the expression changes related to leaf color in genes by performing qRT-PCR in the different leaf parts, finding that OfPAO was significantly up-regulated in the yellow part of colored leaves, and we initially determined that OfPAO was the key gene involved in the formation of colored leaves. Then, we constructed an OfPAO overexpression vector, before transforming it into tobacco through an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to obtain transgenic plants. We found that the transgenic tobacco leaf color of OfPAO was lighter than that of the null carrier, the chlorophyll content in leaves decreased, and the expression of genes involved in the chlorophyll degradation pathway in OfPAO transgenic tobacco was up-regulated, suggesting that OfPAO regulates chlorophyll degradation, leading to changes in leaf color. According to the results of transcriptome sequencing and the genome data of O. fragrans ‘Rixianggui’, we cloned CDS and the promoter sequence of OfPAO, and the promoter regions 901-1307 of the OfPAO were sequenced through bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR (BSP), finding that the methylation level of CHH in the yellow part of colored leaves was lowest in colored and green leaves at 145 bp. The methylation of CHH in the promoter of OfPAO in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ was negatively correlated with the gene expression level, suggesting that the methylation of the promoter of OfPAO may regulate the expression of OfPAO, affecting chlorophyll degradation in the leaves.

Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of plant leaf expressing anti-HER2 VHH–FcK cancer therapeutic protein

The transgenic plant is a promising strategy for the production of highly valuable biotherapeutic proteins such as recombinant vaccines and antibodies. To achieve an efficient level of protein production, codon sequences and expression cassette elements need to be optimized. However, the systematical expression of recombinant proteins in plant biomass can generally be controlled for the production of therapeutic proteins after the generation of transgenic plants. Without understanding the transgene expression patterns in plant tissue, it is difficult to enhance further production levels. In this study, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf, expressing an immunotherapeutic llama antibody against breast cancer, anti-HER2 VHH–Fc, was conducted to obtain data on the expression pattern of tissue-specific cells. These high-quality scRNA-seq data enabled the identification of gene expression patterns by cell types, which can be applied to select the best cell types or tissues for the high production of these recombinant antibodies. These data provide a foundation to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the biosynthesis of recombinant proteins in N. tabacum.

ANALYSIS OF THE WELFARE OF TOBACCO FARMERS IN BANARAN VILLAGE, TEMBARAK DISTRICT, TEMANGGUNG REGENCY

Farmers' welfare plays an important role in increasing and maintaining agricultural production. Tobacco is one of the plants that has high value and is easy to grow in Indonesia and has an influence on society and economic development, especially agriculture. This study aims to determine whether income, land area, length of education, length of work, and household consumption affect the welfare of tobacco farmers in Banaran Village, Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency. The population in this study were the people of Banaran Village, Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling method, namely 200 samples. This research uses descriptive analysis and multinomial logit test. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 2 variables that had a positive and significant influence, namely the variable land area of ​​0.034 and length of work variable of 0.048, while the variables that were not significant were income of 0.407, length of education of 0.209, and household consumption variable of 0.275. And for the simultaneous test all the independent variables used influence the welfare of tobacco farmers.

The archaeology of pleasure: Evidence for the use of tobacco at Old Dongola in Northern Sudan (16th–19th centuries AD)

This paper presents the first evidence of tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from northeastern Africa. The evidence comes from Old Dongola, the northern city-state of the Funj Kingdom in Sudan (16th–19th centuries AD). Old Dongola served as a hub for communication and a point of departure for caravans. Since 2018, we carried out large-scale systematic archaeobotanical sampling at the citadel of Old Dongola. We floated sediment samples of 1–20 L to recover botanical remains, which we later processed and identified in the archaeobotany laboratory of the University of Tübingen, Germany, based on anatomical and morphological comparisons with modern seeds from the reference collection. The team recovered a wide variety of economically important plants from this regional capital. Here we present the earliest archaeobotanical evidence for tobacco in Sudan dating to the middle of the 17th century. This research supports the hypothesis that tobacco cultivation in Sudanese Nubia began by the early part of the Funj/Ottoman period. While these results highlight the use of tobacco at Old Dongola, the pathways for the introduction of tobacco into Sudan are poorly documented, and the exact timing of the introduction and cultivation in Sudan remains a subject of lively debate.

Loss function of NtGA3ox1 delays flowering through impairing gibberellins metabolite synthesis in Nicotiana tabacum.

Flowering time, plays a crucial role in tobacco ecological adaptation besides its substantial influence on tobacco production and leaf quality. Meanwhile, it is sensitive to biotic or abiotic challenges. The plant hormones Gibberellins (GAs), controlling a number of metabolic processes, govern plants growth and development. In this study, we created a late flowering mutant HG14 through knocking out NtGA3ox1 by CRISPR/Cas9. It took around 13.0 and 12.1 days longer to budding and flowering compared to wild type Honghuadajinyuan. Nearly all of the evaluated agronomic characters deteriorated in HG14, showing slower growth and noticeably shorter and narrower leaves. We found that NtGA3ox was more prevalent in flowers through quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Transcriptome profiling detected 4449, 2147, and 4567 differently expressed genes at the budding, flowering, and mature stages, respectively. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway are the major clusters controlled by NtGA3ox1 throughout the budding and flowering stages. Together with the abovementioned signaling pathway, biosynthesis of monobactam, metabolism of carbon, pentose, starch, and sucrose were enriched at the mature stage. Interestingly, 108 up- and 73 down- regulated DEGs, impairing sugar metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway, were continuously detected accompanied with the development of HG14. This was further evidenced by the decreasing content of GA metabolites such as GA4 and GA7, routine chemicals, alkaloids, amino acids, and organic acids Therefore, we discovered a novel tobacco flowering time gene NtGA3ox1 and resolved its regulatory network, which will be beneficial to the improvement of tobacco varieties.

Impact of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens beneficial bacterial agents on soil-borne diseases, growth, and economics of continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco

Employing beneficial bacteria as fungicides is an effective strategy for improving crop and soil health. Despite its effectiveness, the investigation of appropriate beneficial bacterial candidates for tackling the challenges posed by the continuous cropping of field tobacco remains a neglected area. This study addressed this gap by conducting field experiments at two distinct sites to ascertain the effects of introducing beneficial bacterial agents (CK, devoid of bacterial agent; B, Bacillus subtilis agent; P, Pseudomonas fluorescens agent; and a mixture of both bacterial agents [B + P]) on soil-borne pathogen abundance, disease occurrence, and economic effects in the context of the continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco. The results revealed that the application of bacterial agents (B, P, and B + P) contributed to varying degrees of reduction in the relative abundance of Fusarium spp. within the continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco soil, while enhancing the abundance of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Notably, the B + P treatment demonstrated a superior performance. In terms of disease management, B + P treatment significantly inhibited the incidence of black shank disease and root black rot disease by over 50.0%, with a significant reduction in severity exceeding 34.3%. The relative control effects reached 48.7%–66.7% and 39.1%–63.2%, respectively. In addition, the mixed application of bacterial agent (B + P) exerted a substantial positive influence on various agronomic attributes of flue-cured tobacco, such as leaf dimensions, leaf count, and dry matter accumulation. Chemical component contents and economic parameters, such as yield, high-quality tobacco leaf proportion, and medium-to high-quality tobacco leaf proportion, also demonstrated excellent enhancement. This comprehensive improvement ultimately achieved disease mitigation and increased yield. Overall, the integration of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens can improve soil health and promote crop growth. The mixed application strategy (B + P) is an effective approach for mitigating soil-borne diseases, augmenting yields, and elevating economic returns.

Removal of plant endogenous proteins from tobacco leaf extract by freeze–thaw treatment for purification of recombinant proteins

Plants are useful as a low-cost source for producing biopharmaceutical proteins. A significant hurdle in the production of recombinant proteins in plants, however, is the complicated process of removing plant-derived components. Removing endogenous plant proteins, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), a major photosynthetic plant enzyme that catalyzes photosynthesis through carboxylation and oxygenation, is important for the purification of recombinant plant proteins. In particular, RuBisCO accounts for 50% of the soluble leaf protein; thus, the removal of RuBisCO is critical for the purification of recombinant proteins from plant materials. An effective conventional method, known as freeze–thaw treatment, was developed for the removal of RuBisCO from Nicotiana benthamiana, which expresses recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP). Crude extracts or supernatants were frozen at − 30 °C. Upon thawing, most of the RuBisCO was precipitated by centrifugation without significant inactivation and/or yield reduction of GFP. Based on the proteomics analysis, using this method, RuBisCO large and small subunits were reduced to approximately 10% and 20% of those of the unfrozen supernatant solutions, respectively, without the need for specific reagents or equipment. The proteomic analysis also revealed that many ribosomal proteins were removed from the extracts. This method improves the purification process of recombinant proteins from plant materials. Prolonged freezing damaged recombinant β-glucuronidase (GUS), suggesting that the applicability of this treatment should be carefully considered for each recombinant protein.

Impact of Increasing Fertilizer Prices on Productivity and Its Influence on Tobacco Farmers’ Income in Pekalongan Village

New problems have emerged in the agricultural sector related to fertilizer. Fertilizer prices have now increased to twice the previous price. Apart from that, the limited supply of non-subsidized fertilizer is a concern for farmers to continue their farming. Many farmers' land in Palongan Village is starting to be abandoned. The increase in fertilizer prices causes fertilizer to be given at the wrong time, due to the limited capital that farmers have. The impact of this problem is a decrease in tobacco productivity. This can also affect farmer income. The aim of this research is to examine further the impact of increasing fertilizer prices on tobacco productivity and its effect on farmers' income in Palongan Village. Apart from that, to analysis whether there is a difference in the productivity of tobacco farmers before the increase in fertilizer prices and after the increase in fertilizer prices. The method used in this research is the test method paired sample t-test and path analysis. The hypothesis test used is the t-test. Test results paired sample t-test stated that there was a difference in tobacco productivity before and after the increase in fertilizer prices. Test results path analysis stated that the increase in fertilizer prices directly affected tobacco productivity. Meanwhile, indirectly the increase in fertilizer prices through tobacco productivity does not have a significant effect on the income of tobacco farmers.

A Multipurpose Sustainable Farming System for Tobacco Crops in the Mediterranean Area

The present study aimed to test a multipurpose sustainable tobacco farming system allowing more efficient use of production factors (e.g., mineral N fertilizer) thanks to larger commercial yields, albeit diversified (smoke products, bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical uses, energy), per unit of land area. Three tobacco types (dark air-cured, IBG; light air-cured, Bu; dark fire-cured, Ky) were grown in the field in 2021 on three different soils (sandy clay loam, SCL; sandy loam, SL; clay loam, CL). The total waste biomass (WB, kg dry weight, d.w. ha−1) was measured. Commercial leaves yield (CLY, kg d.w. ha−1), N agronomic efficiency (NAE, kg d.w. kg−1 N), total polyphenols content (TP, mg kg−1 d.w.), antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, mmol Trolox Equivalent, TE, kg−1 d.w.) and yield of polyphenols (PY, kg ha−1) were determined. The calorific value (CV, MJ kg−1 d.w.), volatile matter (VM, %) and ash contents (%) were also measured, and biomass energy yield (BEY, GJ ha−1 yr−1) was then calculated. Very high percentages (>40%) of total biomass produced by the different tobacco types were pre-harvest waste. NAE increased by 2- to more than 8-fold thanks to a greater potential commercial biomass produced with the same amount of N fertilizer used. Four main components were found in the tobacco polyphenols profile, namely 3-O-CQA, luteolin 7 rutinoside, rutin and quinic acid, which accounted for more than 80% of TP. BEY ranged between 122.3 GJ ha−1 yr−1 (Bu) and 29.9 GJ ha−1 yr−1 (Ky). Both polyphenols yield and energy potential per unit land area and/or per growing season appeared competitive with those from other herbaceous crops. The proposed multipurpose system appeared as a production circuit characterized by a virtuous and sustainable flow of resources.

Effects of biochar treatments on the elemental composition of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves based on the priming period

This study determined the effects of different doses of biochars (B) on Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar, on first and second harvest dependent change in plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B), leaf color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), chlorophyll value (SPAD), electrolyte leakage (EL), crude ash, number of leaves, and plant height. Pot experiments were conducted with biochar treatments of 10 tons ha−1 (B1), 20 tons ha−1 (B2), 40 tons ha−1 (B3), and 80 tons ha−1 (B4). Tobacco leaf macroelement (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) levels increased with increasing biochar doses. The highest values were obtained for B4 treatments (80 tons ha−1) and the lowest for control (B0) treatments. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, and B) exhibited a non linear change, while Cl and Cu exhibited a linear change. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) for the first and second priming showed the highest L* and b* values for B2 and B3 treatments, respectively, and the highest a* values for the B2 treatment. Leaf SPAD values increased with increasing biochar doses; further, the obtained SPAD values were ordered as B4 > B3 > B2 > B1 > B0. Leaf electrolyte leakage values were 25.90 %–37.25 % in the first priming and 26.90 %–40.59 % in the second priming. For both the primings, the highest crude ash values (21.94 % and 19.05 %) were observed for the B4 treatments, whereas the lowest values (17.89 % and 17.01 %) were observed for the B0 treatments. the tallest plant height (121.9 cm) and the highest number of leaves (45.3) were determined in B4 applications. Overall, considering the nutrition and quality of tobacco, B2 application is recommended.

Integrative physiological and metabolic traits reveal the mechanisms of chamomile flowers in response to nicotine stress

BackgroundChamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) is an important economic crop after tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivation. The nicotine released into the soil during tobacco cultivation has an impact on various aspects of chamomile growth, including plant height, flowering period, flower yield, and flower quality. We aimed to examine the effects of physiological and metabolic response of chamomile under different concentrations of nicotine stress.ResultsThe study revealed that chamomile growth was positively influenced by nicotine concentrations of 1.0 μg/g (N-1) and 10.0 μg/g (N-10). However, higher nicotine concentrations of 100.0 μg/g (N-100) and 500.0 μg/g (N-500) were found to induce stress as the highest levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed under this treatment. In addition, it was observed that nicotine was transported from the roots to other organs during the entire growth period of chamomile and the nicotine levels reached saturation under N-100 treatment. A total of 1096 metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis, and 48 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified among the groups via widely targeted metabolomics studies. The response of chamomile flowers to nicotine stress is associated with the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and other substances. Metabolic regulation under nicotine stress primarily involves processes, such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter activity, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism.ConclusionsThis report presents the first findings on how nicotine affects the metabolism of chamomile. It also provides a comprehensive understanding of how crops can resist nicotine stress from a metabolic perspective.Graphical

Research on farmers' adoption of additional technology combinations: Practice from Chongqing, China.

Tobacco farmers often adopt additional multiple agricultural technologies (AMATs) in addition to implementing the standardized technical system in China. Based on the cross-sectional micro data of 346 households of Chongqing, China, this paper assesses the determinants and impacts of the adoption of AMATs on income by using a multinomial endogenous treatment effects model to correct for selection bias and endogeneity caused by observed and unobserved heterogeneity. The results show that (1) the adoption of combinations of AMATs is determined by the household head's education level, experience in tobacco growing, the shortest distance to nearby town, the amount of technical training, the ratio of land available for mechanical cultivation to tobacco land, the distance to extension station, and the ratio of leased land. (2) The adoption of combinations of AMATs has heterogeneous effects on farmers' income through yield and quality improvement. (3) The comprehensive combination of AMATs is not necessarily the best option for farmers. Due to the interaction between technologies such as complementary, substitute or supplementary effects, the moderate implementation of fertilizers and soil improvement is the most effective combination. The results of this research provide a scientific basis for improving the adoption efficiency of AMATs in China.

EFISIENSI PRODUKSI USAHA TANI TEMBAKAU DI INDONESIA

This study examined the efficiency of tobacco farming production in Indonesia. This study used secondary data in the form of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using the Costan Return to Scale (CRS) and Return to Scale (VRS) approaches from 2006 to 2020 from the Central Bureau of Statistics and FAO. Development analysis Data (DEA) method was used to analyze the efficiency of tobacco farming production in Indonesia. The results indicated that the 4 input variables consisting of land area, investment, production costs, and output Tobacco production were in the CRS and VRS approaches. For CRS, there were 6 efficient years, while for VRS, there were 7 efficient years. The average value of efficiency in tobacco farming is one (1,000).

Potential of tobacco leaf extract paste (Nicotiana tabacum L.) as a denture cleanser to prevent denture stomatitis

The percentage of use of dentures is relatively high. Dentures with less than optimal cleaning can cause Candida albicans infection, called denture stomatitis. The chemical method of cleaning agents from effervescent tablets of tobacco leaf extract has been studied. However, it is still not optimal, so a combination of mechanical cleaning is needed, namely by making a paste preparation. The aim is to analyze the most effective concentration of tobacco leaf extract in acrylic resin denture cleaning paste in reducing the number of C. Albicans. Type of laboratory experimental research. There were 4 sample groups, namely A: HPAI herbal toothpaste. B: Tobacco leaf extract paste (PEDT) 25%. C: PEDT 50%. D: 75% PEDT. The number of samples for each group was 10. Making Acrylic Resin Plates size 65 mm × 11 mm × 3.5 mm, Making tobacco leaf extract paste 25%, 50%, 75%. Preparation of C. albicans Suspension. Treatment of acrylic plates. Next, calculate the amount of C. Albicans using a spectrophotometer. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group, the 25% PEDT group, and the 75% PEDT group. A non-significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the control group and the 25% PEDT group and 50 PEDT %, PEDT group 25% to 50% PEDT group, and PEDT group 50% to 75% PEDT group. Effervescent tablets of tobacco leaf extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are 75% effective in inhibiting C. Albicans with 30 minutes of soaking time.

Ethnomathematics of Lahbako Dance Movement In The Perspective Of Mathematical Literacy Of Geometry Concept

Movement in a dance is a visual symbol full of meaning conveyed to be accepted by dance lovers from the whole dance performed. The selection of dance movements is related to the mathematical concept of illustrating its meaning (ethnomathematics). In addition, there is a mathematical literacy process of geometry concepts revealed in dance movements. This becomes a meaningful symbol that becomes a wealth of dance movements that are increasingly interesting to present. The purpose of this research is to identify the ethnomathematics of lahbako dance in the perspective of mathematical literacy of geometry concepts. qualitative research with a descriptive approach to explain the data and its discussion. Data collection methods of interviews, observation, and documentation with data validity test source triangulation. Subjects 2 people from Arutala dance studio and Hastarini. The results obtained are dance movements that come from different habits and interpretations of dancers but the actual meaning of the movements is the same. Ethnomathematics in lahbako dance successfully illustrates the meaning of the movements conveyed in lahbako dance through hand, finger, foot, and body movements that modify into lines, acute and obtuse angles, and triangular and rectangular fields. The mathematical literacy perspective of the geometric concepts of lines, angles, and fields is visualized conceptually, the application of real contexts of daily life, geometric thinking, and the delivery of mathematical language helps in illustrating the message conveyed in a lahbako dance, namely the activities of tobacco farmers. Further research recommendations for dance movements that jump or repeatedly back and forth and the count used by dancers in each movement.

Bacterial dynamic of flue-cured tobacco leaf surface caused by change of environmental conditions

Microorganisms present on the surface of tobacco leaves play a significant role in shaping the composition of the tobacco microbial ecosystem, which undergoes continuous changes throughout the curing process. In the present study, a total of four distinct tobacco curing periods were selected for sampling, namely the fresh, yellowing, leaf-drying, and stem-drying stages. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the collected samples were subsequently analyzed to identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The findings indicated that the complete dataset of leaf microbial samples was clustered, resulting in the identification of 1,783 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Furthermore, the analysis of diversity revealed a pattern of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing community diversity. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and weighted gene correlation networks for analysis (WGCNA) were employed in conjunction with environmental factors to assign OTUs to 22 modules for functional analysis. Additionally, a classification model utilizing the random forest algorithm was utilized to identify seven marker microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Faecalibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Peptostreptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales, and Proteobacteria) that exhibited discriminative characteristics across different time periods. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the bacterial community throughout the curing process and their impact on the community’s function. Additionally, certain bacteria were identified as potential markers for detecting changes in the curing stage. These findings offer a novel opportunity to accurately regulate the curing environment, thereby enhancing the overall quality of tobacco leaf curing.

Pemberdayaan Peningkatan Produksi Tembakau Mojo Melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan Hama dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Tembakau

Mojo Village is one of the villages located in Padang District, Lumajang Regency. The area of Mojo Village is 5.50 km2. Mojo Village has an altitude of 100-500 meters above sea level. To improve the standard of living and income of the people of Mojo village carry out farming activities. One of them is growing Tobacco. Mojo tobacco is the mainstay tobacco from Lumajang district. However, in this case, many farmers do not understand the problems surrounding tobacco cultivation. From this condition, it stimulates UNEJ KKN students to bridge between the government and tobacco farmers so that they can work together and be organized between sectors. KKN 448 UNEJ tries to explain the role of agricultural extension as an effort to increase understanding of pests and diseases for farmers, making E-books, and also making Associations. The objective to be achieved from the implementation of this program is to increase the knowledge, production and productivity of tobacco farmers so as to support the process of sustainable agricultural development, Then the most important thing is to increase the income and standard of living of tobacco farmers while increasing economic activity in other sectors.

Analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic differences revealed the mechanism underlying the tobacco response to low-temperature

Low-temperature is one of the main natural adversities in tobacco leaf planting. Tobacco is very sensitive to low-temperature. To understand the underlying the response mechanism of tobacco to low-temperature stress, the physiology, biochemistry, transcription and metabolism at the seedling stage under low-temperature stress were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control, the leaves were thinner, wilted and yellow, the chlorophyll content was reduced, and the chloroplasts were damaged to some extent by low-temperature stress. Compared with the control group, a total of 8262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the group under low-temperature stress, of which 4513 were up-regulated and 3749 were down-regulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that low-temperature had significant effects on the antioxidant activity, hormone response and photosynthetic pathway of tobacco cells. Furthermore, 560 differentially expressed transcription factors were screened, including AP2/ERF-ERF (60), WRKY (36), bHLH (31), NAC (29), MYB (28), and C2H2 (26) families. There were 110 differentially abundant metabolites detected, of which 62 were up-regulated and 48 down-regulated. The differentially abundant metabolites were mainly concentrated in metabolism and synthesis related pathways, such as carbon metabolism, glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism and flavonoid synthesis and metabolism. This combined omics analysis revealed that the plant hormone transduction pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, flavonoid synthesis pathway, photosynthetic pathway and related transcription factor regulatory genes played an important role in the response of tobacco seedlings to low-temperature stress.