TNF-α Values Research Articles

Relationship between IFN-α, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-6 and effectiveness of the first-line with camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in non small cell lung cancer.

e21059 Background: Biomarkers of combination with immunotherapy therapy remains unknown. To explore prediction of efficacy in patients(pts) with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver genes mutations which received Camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy. Methods: From Jan, 2020 to Dec, 2021, 28 pts with NSCLC without driver genes mutations who received Camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy for 4 cycles. According to RECIST1.1, all of these patients were assessed with benefit. IFN, TNF-α, IL (IL-1B、IL-2、IL-4、IL5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12P70、IL-17)in peripheral blood of all pts were measured using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 23.0 software (Pearson’s correlation). Results: Before treatment, the mean values of IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL in pts with partial response (PR) were higher than in pts with stable disease (SD). There was no correlation with age, sex, stage and pathological type of pts ( P > 0.05). There was significant difference of IFN- α, IL-1B, IL-5 and IL-6 increased compared with the level before treatment in 28 pts ( P＜0.05). However, pts with PR compared with pts with SD, There were no significant differences of IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL compared with the level before treatment (P > 0.05). The IFN-α, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-6 Spearman correlation showed that before treatment, there was a correlation between INF-α and IL-5, INF-α and IL-1B, INF- α and IL-6, IL-1B and IL-6, respectively (r = 0.786, P = 0.036 < 0.05; r = 0.889, P = 0.007 < 0.05; r = 0.929, P = 0.003 < 0.05; r = 0.778, P = 0.039 < 0.05). In self-control before and after treatment, there was a correlation between INF-α and IL-1B, INF- α and IL-6, IL-1B and IL-6, respectively (r = 0.880, P = 0.009 ＜05; r = 0.936, P = 0.002＜ 0.05; r = 0.882, P = 0.023＜ 0.05). Conclusions: First-line chemotherapy combined with Camrelizumab in NSCLC without driver genes mutations can effectively improve the levels of IFN-α, IL-1B, IL-5, and IL-6, and the combined detection has certain predictive significance for the efficacy evaluation of patients. Further study is needed.

The Effect of Various Stimulants on Cytokine Secretion Profiles in Freshly Isolated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)

Abstract Cytokines play critical roles in in cancer, in regulating autoimmune diseases and in chemically induced tissue damage repair. In response to antibody treatment or as a result of corona virus disease (COVID), a cytokine storm may occur where high levels of inflammatory cytokines are produced leading to organ damage. To understand how to regulate cytokine levels, primary cell in vitro assays may assess the effects of small molecule compounds or antibodies. We evaluated OKT3, Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), Resiquimod, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), DynaBeads with aCD3/aCD28, Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-M and lipoplolysaccharide (LPS) on cytokine secretion from 6 normal donors. PBMCs isolated from fresh blood using a density gradient medium were plated at 1 × 105 cells per well in the presence and absence of the test compounds for 48 hours. Supernatants were assessed for interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ). The remaining cells were assessed for viability to evaluate cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric profiles of T cell subsets were determined. The data generated from the 6 normal donors varied greatly, though the effects of the stimulants followed the same trends. The Dynabeads (CD3/28) generated the highest values of IL-2, IFNγ and TNFα in all donors. OKT3 and PHA-M, Resiquimod and LPS generated lesser amounts of the cytokines whereas Poly I:C and CpG ODN did not induce these cytokines over background levels. Only PHA-M caused a decrease in cell viability. Additionally, the release of cytokines was not associated with activation of T cells. Cytokine release assays provide a robust readout with certain stimuli and may facilitate evaluation of novel test compounds for functional activity.

Effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Chronic low-grade inflammation has emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In this regard, the present study examined the potential effects of aerobic exercise on interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCOS women. This was a randomized clinical trial that included 40 females aged 25-35 years diagnosed with PCOS. The participants were divided into two groups equal in number: the aerobic exercise group (AEM), and the metformin group (M). The AEM group performed aerobic exercise three times a week for 12 weeks in addition to metformin treatment. The M group received metformin only. Participants were assessed for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. The findings showed a significant reduction in IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP values in both AEM and M groups (p=0.001, p=0.01, respectively) after the end of the 12 weeks of the intervention. However, the participants who received aerobic exercise plus metformin, group AEM, showed a greater reduction in IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (p=0.01, p = 0.01 and p=0.001, respectively). Aerobic exercise is effective in lowering IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in polycystic ovarian women. Further clinical trials are recommended to assess the potential effects of aerobic exercise on PCOS-associated risk factors.

Wound Healing and Curative Properties of Alligator Pepper (Aframomum Melegueta) seed extract in Albino Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, seed extract on wound healing in albino rats. Four treatment groups of eight albino rats each were used for the experiment. Group 1 were given feed and water only. Group 2, 3 and 4 were exposed to a reference drug (Cicatrin), 10% and 20% of the extract respectively for 21 days. Excision wounds of 30mm were made on dorsal thoracic central region of the rats. Serum from blood collected from the dorsal aorta of sacrificed rats were analysed for oxidative stress biomarkers (TNF-α, MDA and SOD) using standard methods. The tissue samples from the wounds were collected and histhopathologically analysed under a light microscope. The decrease in wound size was measured using an electronic Vernier Calliper at intervals of two days. The values of TNF-α ranged from 87pg/ml to 136pg/ml while those of MDA ranged from 0.92 to 3.19µmol/L. The maximum and minimum values of SOD recorded were 25.15U/mg protein and 12.6U/mg protein respectively. The smallest wound size value, 5.5mm, was measured in Group 3 on day 19 of the experiment. Behavioural changes were observed which included lethargy and anorexia. The histopathological study of the extract groups showed the formation of new tissues, keratinized substances and hair follicle. The results obtained from the wound measurements supported the conclusion that the extract had a better effect on the wound healing in experimental animals.

Can We Use Urinary Cytokine/Chemokine Analysis in Discriminating Ulcer-Type Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome?

Purpose: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has ulcer (HIC) and non-ulcer subtypes. Differentiation of these two subtypes could only be based by cystoscopy. This study analyzed the urinary cytokines and chemokines among IC/BPS subtypes and controls for discriminating HIC from non-HIC and controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 309 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed IC/BPS were enrolled. All patients received cystoscopic hydrodistention under anesthesia and urine samples were collected prior to the procedure. Enrolled patients were classified into subtypes based on the glomerulation grade, maximal bladder capacity (MBC), and presence of Hunner’s lesion. Inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines in urine samples, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), eotaxin-1 (eotaxin), IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assayed using commercially available microspheres with the Milliplex® Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead-based Panel kit. The clinical data and urine levels of analytes between IC/BPS patients and controls, and among HIC, non-HIC, and controls were analyzed. Results: Among the 10 proteins, MCP-1, eotaxin, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2 were significantly different between IC/BPS and control, while IL-8, CXCL10, BDNF, IL-6, and RANTES were significantly higher in HIC than non-HIC patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze each urine biomarker in the patients with IC/BPS and controls. Among the 10 urine biomarkers, MIP-1β and TNF-α had an area under curve of >0.70 to predict IC/BPS from controls, however, the predictive values of these urine biomarkers to predict HIC from non-HIC were low. Combined cut-off values of MIP-1β and TNF-α can only have a 50% sensitivity and 39.6% specificity in identifying HIC from non-HIC. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that urine cytokines and chemokines may be useful to discriminate patients with HIC from controls. An elevation of urine levels of IL-8, CXCL 10, BDNF, IL-6, and RANTES in IC/BPS patients should prompt physicians to consider the diagnosis of HIC.

Personalized management of hypertensive patients: focus on prognostic biomarkers

Aim. To analyze level of circulating biomarkers of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) during 3-month therapy with a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24, AO Vertex, Russia), as well as to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24, JSC “Vertex”, Russia) in hypertensive (HTN) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. This prospective open-label study included 44 patients (aged 35 to 60 years) of both sexes with essential grade 1-2 HTN and concomitant compensated T2D, who did not reach the target blood pressure (BP) level using single or dual antihypertensive therapy, as well as patients who did not take antihypertensives. All patients included in the study initially underwent a set of standard clinical, laboratory and functional examinations in accordance with the clinical guidelines for the management of patients with HTN and T2D, as well as an assessment of the level of C-reactive protein, VEGF and TNF-α. Patients were monitored and treated with Konsilar-D24 for 3 months.Results. In 93,2% of patients, individual target BP values were achieved during the first 2-4 weeks of therapy with a fixed combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24). In the subsequent 3-month follow-up, the average daily BP level in all patients ranged from 129/79 mm Hg to 110/70 mm Hg. Three-month Konsilar-D24 therapy showed a decrease in microalbuminuria: the median values of microalbuminuria decreased by 2 times, and the decrease in the maximum recorded values reached 40% of the baseline. Decrease in mean TNF-α values after 3-month therapy with Konsilar-D24 was 33% of the baseline values, while the maximum recorded values during the specified period decreased by 17%. Decrease in median VEGF values after 3-month Konsilar-D24 therapy was 28%, while the maximum value decreased by 7%, the minimum — by 8%.Conclusion. Konsilar-D24 improves the prognosis in hypertensive patients not only by reducing BP to target values, but also by reducing the level of VEGF and TNF-α biomarkers that determine the progression of endothelial dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, and microalbuminuria.

Personalized management of hypertensive patients: focus on prognostic biomarkers

Aim. To analyze level of circulating biomarkers of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) during 3-month therapy with a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24, AO Vertex, Russia), as well as to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24, JSC “Vertex”, Russia) in hypertensive (HTN) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. This prospective open-label study included 44 patients (aged 35 to 60 years) of both sexes with essential grade 1-2 HTN and concomitant compensated T2D, who did not reach the target blood pressure (BP) level using single or dual antihypertensive therapy, as well as patients who did not take antihypertensives. All patients included in the study initially underwent a set of standard clinical, laboratory and functional examinations in accordance with the clinical guidelines for the management of patients with HTN and T2D, as well as an assessment of the level of C-reactive protein, VEGF and TNF-α. Patients were monitored and treated with Konsilar-D24 for 3 months.Results. In 93,2% of patients, individual target BP values were achieved during the first 2-4 weeks of therapy with a fixed combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24). In the subsequent 3-month follow-up, the average daily BP level in all patients ranged from 129/79 mm Hg to 110/70 mm Hg. Three-month Konsilar-D24 therapy showed a decrease in microalbuminuria: the median values of microalbuminuria decreased by 2 times, and the decrease in the maximum recorded values reached 40% of the baseline. Decrease in mean TNF-α values after 3-month therapy with Konsilar-D24 was 33% of the baseline values, while the maximum recorded values during the specified period decreased by 17%. Decrease in median VEGF values after 3-month Konsilar-D24 therapy was 28%, while the maximum value decreased by 7%, the minimum — by 8%.Conclusion. Konsilar-D24 improves the prognosis in hypertensive patients not only by reducing BP to target values, but also by reducing the level of VEGF and TNF-α biomarkers that determine the progression of endothelial dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, and microalbuminuria.

The effect of active vs passive recovery and use of compression garments following a single bout of muscle-damaging exercise

BACKGROUND: Some recovery strategies are needed to reduce or eliminate the effect of negative symptoms caused by exercise. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of recovery after single-bout strength exercises on biomarkers of muscle damage, cytokine release and lactate elimination. METHODS: Following familiarization, 10 male volunteers performed four randomized recovery protocols (passive or active recovery with or without compression garments) following a single bout of resistance exercise (squat and deadlift exercises). The blood creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) values were measured before and after exercise, and after 24, 48, 72 hours. RESULTS: The CK analysis showed that all protocols significantly increased (p< 0.05) CK activity compared to the pre and 24 h post time points. Interestingly, protocol 3 and 4 significantly decreased (p< 0.05) CK activity compared 24 and 72 h post-exercise. LDH, IL-6, and TNF values did not show significant difference (p> 0.05) at the time points tested. CONCLUSIONS: Active recovery is an effective method for reducing the severity and duration of muscle damage and for accelerating the clearance of blood lactate (BLa) following a single bout of strength training. There is no added benefit of using compression garments.

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan.

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.

Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and heart rate variability.

To assess the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SEDT) with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise recovery (HRR) controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and potential confounders. The following data was collected from 44 participants during 2019 (age = 49.5 ± 6.4 years, 66% women): Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines (IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23); catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities; resting heart (HR) rate for HRV analysis, anthropometric measures, a submaximal cycling test to evaluate CRF with active recovery to assess and HRR (absolute and ΔHR), and 7-day accelerometry. Women spent significantly more SEDT (p = 0.035), had higher inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF) and lower HRV indices [SDNN, LF/HF, SD2 (p > 0.05)]. Significant associations were found between SEDT and markers of inflammation [CRP, B = 0.006, p = 0.001; MCP-1, B = 0.003, p = 0.038]. HRV indices were significantly associated with inflammatory/oxidative stress markers [IL-10 (p = 0.04), GPX (p = 0.014), ln-IL 23 (p = 0.036), CAT (p = 0.026)] while HRR was positively associated with light PA [Δ3 (B = 0.051, p = 0.043), Δ4 (B = 0.062, p = 0.021)] and inversely related to catalase [Δ3 (B = -54.7, p = 0.042), Δ4 (B = -54.1, p = 0.021] and CRP [Δ5 (B = -19.8, p = 0.033)]. Higher CRF showed lower values for TNF-α (p = 0.02) and IL-10 (p = 0.003) and better HRV/HRR indices [RMSSD, PNS, SampEn, SD1 (p < 0.05)]. SEDT had a higher impact on inflammation and autonomic balance, independently of PA levels with differences by sex and CRF. PA appears to be more important for a better HRR. Lower HRV and HRR could be indicative of inflammatory status.

Results of protease inhibitor instructions in patients in acute burning disease

The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical efficiency of proteinase inhibitor usage in patients with burns. Materials and Methods. The results of studies performed in 32 patients with superficial and deep burns were analyzed: 12 patients of the main group, whom were used the proteinase inhibitor drug in the complex treatment, and 20 comparison groups, who were treated according to the standard scheme. The content of calpains, α-1 proteinase inhibitor (α-1-IP), α-2 macroglobulin (α-2-MG) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in patients’ peripheral blood were determined. Results. The decrease in proteolytic activity of blood in patients of the main group was determined as a decrease in calpain levels by 1.16 times (50.51 ± 10.32 μEq/min on the 10th-16th day compared to baseline 58.83 ± 3.62 μEq/min on the 1-4th day after injury), while in the comparison group indicators of calpain content did not tend to decrease. Comparing the TNF-α values ​​of the main group and the comparison group, it was found that the values ​​of the main group were significantly lower 1.15 times on the 5th-9th day (245.33 ± 10.36 pg/ml and 281.2 ± 13, 67 pg/ml) and 1.08 times lower on the 10th-16th day (236.60 ± 8.78 pg/ml and 256.35 ± 15.70 pg/ml). The usage of ulinastatin led to a less pronounced decreasing in proteinase inhibitors levels: α-1-IP (79.31 ± 1.54 μmol/l of the main group compared with 72.1 ± 7.8 μmol/l of the control group on the 5th-9th day after injury and 75.34 ± 5.13 μmol/l of the main group compared with 68.0 ± 4.9 μmol/l of the control group on the 10-16th day after injury), α-2-MG (2.63 ± 0.24 g/l of the main group compared with 2.2 ± 0.4 g/l of the control group on the 10-16th day after injury). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the proteinase inhibitor drug included in the standard treatment regimen for acute burns optimizes the proteolytic activity of peripheral blood, promotes the inflammatory response optimal development, inhibits the endothelial dysfunction development.

Pre-treatment plasma cytokine levels as potential predictors of short-term remission of depression

Objectives The response to antidepressants varies significantly among individuals and is difficult to predict before treatment. In this randomised control trial, we explored cytokines that correlate with the therapeutic effect of mirtazapine (MIR) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and whether they could be predictors of remission for each antidepressant. Methods Plasma cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were assayed in 95 participants before medication and assayed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression assessed depressive symptoms over 4 weeks. Results In the SSRI group, the baseline GM-CSF level was significantly higher in the remission group than in the non-remission group (p = .022). In the MIR group, the baseline level of TNF-α was significantly higher (p = .039) and IL-2 was lower (p = .032) in the remission group than in the non-remission group. In patients prescribed with MIR, the cut-off values of TNF-α (10.035 pg/mL) and IL-2 (1.170 pg/mL) calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that the remission rate, which corresponds to a positive predictive value, could be increased from 31.3% to 60.0% and 50.0%, respectively. For those prescribed with SSRIs, the remission rate was 37.0% and using the cut-off value of GM-CSF (0.205 pg/mL), the remission rate could be almost doubled to 70%. Conclusions Our study shows that pre-treatment plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-2, and GM-CSF may suggest the predictability of remission by SSRIs or MIR.

A study of apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) and interleukin-10(IL-10) in diabetes with foot ulcers.

BackgroundThe high morbidity, mortality and associated economic burden have entailed to identifying early biomarker of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules play a role in the chronic inflammation associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).AimThis study aims to find the association between ApoA1, IL-10, TNF-α and diabetic foot ulcers, and whether their levels can assess the severity of the disease.MethodTwo groups, diabetic mellitus without foot ulcers and diabetes with foot ulcers were recruited for the study. Detailed clinical history was obtained and blood was collected to measure TNF-α , IL-10 and Apo A1. The association between variables was analysed using Pearson correlation test. ROC analysis was used to identify cut-off values of ApoA1, IL-10 and TNF-α in diabetes patients with foot ulcers.ResultsThe presence of pro-inflammatory parameter, TNF-α , was higher and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, HDL, ApoA1 and IL-10 were lower in patients of DFU than those without foot ulcers (p < 0.001). Increasing age, smoking, retinopathy, eGFR and inflammatory biomarkers like low levels of ApoA1 (p < 0.005) and IL-10 (p < 0.001) significantly contributed to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. ROC curve identified the cut-off for ApoA1 and IL-10 as 89.82mg/dL and 78.80pg/mL respectively.ConclusionIn the light of this study, ApoA1 has the potential to predict DFU. The finding proposes IL-10 (b = −0.37, p < 0.001) could be considered in stratifying DFU as per its severity.

EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS OF A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN KONYA, TURKEY

OBJECTIVE Ionizing radiation (IR) has a wide area of use and its effects on human health have been discussed since its discovery. This study aimed to show oxidative stress and inflammation due to ionizing radiation exposure based on biomarkers in healthcare workers.&#x0D; METHOD This study was conducted with 172 people, who were exposed to IR in the work environment and those who did not have exposure to radiation. In this cross-sectional study, a data collection form was used to obtain data from the participants. In addition, 6 ml of blood was taken to measure their tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, total oxidant status (TOS), interleukin (IL)-10 and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, and calculate their oxidative stress index (OSI) values.&#x0D; RESULTS In the ionizing radiation group, 50% of the participants were men, the mean age was 35.91±7.07 years, and the mean duration of employment was 9.80±7.1 years. The TOS, OSI, TNF-α and IL-10 values were higher and TAS was lower in the ionizing radiation group compared to the participants without exposure to ionizing radiation. Gender, smoking, alcohol use, presence of chronic diseases, regular medication use, antioxidant supplement use, and exposure to radiation for medical diagnosis and treatment within the last year did not affect oxidative stress and inflammation in the radiation workers. The cut-off values of the TOS, TAS, OSI, TNF-α and IL-10 biomarkers were also determined.&#x0D; CONCLUSION Occupational low-dose long-term exposure to ionizing radiation was found to increase oxidative stress and inflammation.

Endometrial cytokine expression from clinically suspected genital tuberculosis patients at tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in endometrial tissue and/or aspirate from suspected genital tuberculosis patients with ectopic pregnancy and infertility in Bangladesh. MethodologyA total 78 women of clinically suspected genital tuberculosis patients were enrolled as study population. These patients underwent manual vaccum aspiration (MVA) procedure, and endometrial tissues and/or aspirates were collected. Ziehl -Neelsen staining (Z-N staining) and Lowen–Stein Jensen (L-J) culture were done to detect Mycobacterium. The study participants were categorized as genital tuberculosis positive cases, genital tuberculosis negative cases and presumptive for tuberculosis cases based on the case definition used in this study. TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version-22). ResultsOut of 78 participants, pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly increased in TB positive patients than TB negative patients (p < 0.05). IFN-γ value of TB positive patients (41.26 ± 41.05) was higher than TB negative (22.94 ± 44.51) patients. TNF-α value (44.31 ± 64.22) of TB positive patients was higher than TB negative (15.86 ± 41.45) patients. IFN-γ and TNF-α value of presumptive for tuberculosis cases were not statistically significant. According to ROC analysis, cut off value for IFN-γ was 23.5 and for TNF-α was 10 with highest sensitivity and specificity of 66.7%, 89.3%, and 66.7% and 73.1% respectively. ConclusionIFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly higher in TB positive patients and it may act as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of genital tuberculosis.

Relationship of Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women.

The increased deposition of visceral fat in the postmenopause period increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decrease in IL-10. This study investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women considering different diagnostic criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on STROBE. Data were collected regarding the diagnostic criteria for MS (International Diabetes Federation; NCEP (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and Harmonized criteria), body composition, comorbidities, time without menstruation, values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Levene tests, ROC, and odds ratio were performed to analyze the data. The results showed no significant difference between the methods and no interaction between the method and the presence of MS. However, for the values of WC, body fat percentage, TNF-α, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, a significant effect of MS was observed. In subjects with MS, lower values of body fat percentage and TNF-α and higher values of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio were also observed. The higher IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the MS group is related to the greater anti-inflationary action of IL-10. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio showed significant accuracy to discriminate patients with MS according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ЦИТОКИНОВ В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ У ЖЕНЩИН С АУТОИММУННЫМ ТИРЕОИДИТОМ

147 women aged 31-47 years with autoimmune thyroiditis were examined. The control group included 63 appar- ently healthy women of the same age without thyroid disease. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL) -1β, -6, -8, -17A, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. The median, interquartile range and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were calculated. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two independent samples. Autoimmune damage of the thyroid gland was characterized by a significant (p&lt;0,001) increase in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 against the background of a trend towards an increase of serum IL-17A concentration (p=0,067). At the same time, the values of TNF-α and IL-8 did not differ significantly from those of women in the control group (p=0,166 and p=0,102, respectively). Also, autoimmune thyroiditis in women was accompanied by a significant increase of RANKL concentration (p=0.029), while the OPG content remained at control levels (p=0,988). A regular decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio was also recorded (p=0,017). The presence of a significant (p&lt;0,05) positive relationship of IL-6 concentrations with TNF-α, IL-8, IL-17A and RANKL values, as well as between RANKL and IL-8 values was established. In addition, the concentration of RANKL was characterized by a direct correlation with the content of the anti-inflammatory mediator OPG. Attention is drawn to the revealed negative correlation between the OPG/RANKL index and IL-6 values. Autoimmune thyroiditis in women is characterized by a significant increase of serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, RANKL and a decrease in the OPG/RANKL index, while the indices of IL-8, TNF-α and OPG production do not change signifi- cantly. For IL-6 concentrations, a positive correlation was established with the values of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-17 and nega- tive - with the OPG/RANKL ratio. RANKL values have a direct relationship with IL-6, IL-8 and OPG levels.

The importance of inflammatory markers in detection of complications in patients with gastric cancer undergoing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol: a prospective cohort study.

Early diagnosis reduces mortality and morbidity rates in gastrointestinal system (GIS) anastomoses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of some substances that were used to detect major complications early in patients who were treated in line with the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for gastric cancer. Factors included in the study were interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell (WBC). A hundred and twenty patients who underwent laparoscopic subtotal or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in accordance with the ERAS protocol between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in this prospective study. Blood values of IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, PCT, and WBC on the third and fifth post-operative days (POD) were measured for diagnosing major complications. Major complications occurred in 12 (10%) patients. Third POD and fifth POD measurements of IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, PCT were statistically significantly higher than those in the non-complicated group, whereas WBC was not. In addition, in the group with complications, statistically significant changes of the blood levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, and PCT between the 3rd and 5th days were detected (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.001 respectively). IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP, and PCT can be used in the early detection of major complications in gastric cancer patients undergoing the ERAS protocol. Imaging methods should be used in patients with high levels of these inflammatory substances on the third and fifth POD.

Evaluation of Level of TNF-α among Obese Patients with and without Chronic Periodontitis.

Aim:The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the role of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid among obese women with chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 subjects were randomly selected for the study. The study population was further divided into three groups (Group 1, Obese women without periodontitis; Group 2, Non-obese women without periodontitis; Group 3, Obese with chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken for assessment based on clinical parameters like probing depth, bleeding on probing, and BMI.Results:There was significant increase in the level of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid from obese patients with chronic periodontitis and a positive correlation was found between TNF-α levels and values of the plaque index, OHI –I and BMI.Conclusion:Based on these results, it can be concluded that GCF level of TNF-α was significantly higher in obese patients with and without chronic periodontitis, and highest in obese patients with chronic periodontitis group.

Could Ambroxol reduce cytokines in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats?

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of Ambroxol on TNF-α and IL-1β released after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Many drugs are being tried to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is life threating problem after many liver surgeries. In this study, it was investigated whether Ambroxol reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines released after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as Control (CTR; n=8), hepatic ischemia reperfusion (H-IR; n=8) and hepatic ischemia reperfusion+Ambroxol (H-IR+AMB; n=8). In H-IR+AMB group, Ambroxol (30 mg/kg) was administered orally 30 minutes before ischemia period. In H-IR and H-IR+AMB groups underwent 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by a 60-minute reperfusion period. After reperfusion period, tissue and blood samples were collected from euthanised animals. ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β concentrations and liver tissues were evaluated. Serum ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β values were lower in the H-IR+AMB group compared to the H-IR group. In the histopathological examination, hepatocyte degeneration and congestion in the H-IR group were higher than in the H-IR+AMB group. It was determined that Ambroxol treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in rats undergoing hepatic ischemia reperfusion (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 28).