Abstract
The increased deposition of visceral fat in the postmenopause period increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decrease in IL-10. This study investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women considering different diagnostic criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on STROBE. Data were collected regarding the diagnostic criteria for MS (International Diabetes Federation; NCEP (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and Harmonized criteria), body composition, comorbidities, time without menstruation, values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Levene tests, ROC, and odds ratio were performed to analyze the data. The results showed no significant difference between the methods and no interaction between the method and the presence of MS. However, for the values of WC, body fat percentage, TNF-α, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, a significant effect of MS was observed. In subjects with MS, lower values of body fat percentage and TNF-α and higher values of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio were also observed. The higher IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the MS group is related to the greater anti-inflationary action of IL-10. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio showed significant accuracy to discriminate patients with MS according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.
Highlights
The NCEP-III had the lowest prevalence (25.7%) when compared to the harmonized (38.6%) and IDF (37.1), but with no statistically significant difference according to the analysis of 95% confidence intervals
The NCEP-III criterion showed a prevalence of abdominal obesity of 67.1%, significantly lower than the harmonized (94.2%) and IDF (94.2%) criteria by the 95% confidence intervals analysis
Our results showed no significant difference between the methods and the presence of Metabolic syndrome (MS), but a significant effect was seen for the values of Waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the IL-10/TNF-α ratio
Summary
The harmonized criteria were created to bring harmony among several existing definitions of the MS [1,2,3,4,5,6]. These criteria comprise cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertension. These risk factors are related to a sedentary lifestyle, high sugar and fat, dietary habits, and stress, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative state [7,8,9,10]
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