TM Model Research Articles

Is pregnancy a teachable moment for diet and physical activity behaviour change? An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of women during their first pregnancy.

Pregnancy may provide a 'teachable moment' for positive health behaviour change, as a time when women are both motivated towards health and in regular contact with health care professionals. This study aimed to investigate whether women's experiences of pregnancy indicate that they would be receptive to behaviour change during this period. Qualitative interview study. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study details how seven women made decisions about their physical activity and dietary behaviour during their first pregnancy. Two women had required fertility treatment to conceive. Their behaviour was driven by anxiety and a drive to minimize potential risks to the pregnancy. This included detailed information seeking and strict adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations. However, the majority of women described behaviour change as 'automatic', adopting a new lifestyle immediately upon discovering their pregnancy. Diet and physical activity were influenced by what these women perceived to be normal or acceptable during pregnancy (largely based on observations of others) and internal drivers, including bodily signals and a desire to retain some of their pre-pregnancy self-identity. More reasoned assessments regarding benefits for them and their baby were less prevalent and influential. Findings suggest that for women who conceived relatively easily, diet and physical activity behaviour during pregnancy is primarily based upon a combination of automatic judgements, physical sensations, and perceptions of what pregnant women are supposed to do. Health professionals and other credible sources appear to exert less influence. As such, pregnancy alone may not create a 'teachable moment'. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Significant life events can be cues to action with relation to health behaviour change. However, much of the empirical research in this area has focused on negative health experiences such as receiving a false-positive screening result and hospitalization, and in relation to unequivocally negative behaviours such as smoking. It is often suggested that pregnancy, as a major life event, is a 'teachable moment' (TM) for lifestyle behaviour change due to an increase in motivation towards health and regular contact with health professionals. However, there is limited evidence for the utility of the TM model in predicting or promoting behaviour change. What does this study add? Two groups of women emerged from our study: the women who had experienced difficulties in conceiving and had received fertility treatment, and those who had conceived without intervention. The former group's experience of pregnancy was characterized by a sense of vulnerability and anxiety over sustaining the pregnancy which influenced every choice they made about their diet and physical activity. For the latter group, decisions about diet and physical activity were made immediately upon discovering their pregnancy, based upon a combination of automatic judgements, physical sensations, and perceptions of what is normal or 'good' for pregnancy. Among women with relatively trouble-free conception and pregnancy experiences, the necessary conditions may not be present to create a 'teachable moment'. This is due to a combination of a reliance on non-reflective decision-making, perception of low risk, and little change in affective response or self-concept.

Modelling weighted mean temperature in the West African region: implications for GNSS meteorology

Weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a critical parameter in the estimation of precipitable water vapour from ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In the present study, three models of Tm are developed for GNSS meteorological applications in the West African region in general and Nigeria in particular. The first is a least squares linear regression model based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis II data for Nigeria from 2010 to 2012. A regression of 37 330 data pairs of surface temperature and Tm calculated from the vertical profiles of temperature above each grid node of the reanalysis model was used to produce the Nigerian Weighted Mean Temperature Equation-I (NWMTE-I) model after outlier data were removed. By using the same approach, NWMTE-II was obtained from 11 433 radiosonde profiles from 24 sounding stations in the West African region for the period 2009–2013. NWMTE-III was produced from a combination of the data used to build NWMTE-I and NWMTE-II. To evaluate the accuracy of these three models, they were compared with four global models based on Tm obtained by using the integral method, which was the reference model for this study. The normalized mean absolute error, root-mean-square error, model efficiency, reliability index and correlation co-efficient were used as performance indicators. The performances of the developed models were promising compared with the global models, justifying the importance of using measured meteorological parameters when estimating Tm and fine tuning Tm to specific areas or regions. Finally, NWMTE-III is recommended for Nigerian users and NWMTE-II for users in the West African region.

STEM Holiday Activity: Designing for Flood Crisis

STEM Holiday is a project initiated by the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST) to develop LEGO TM -based STEM activities in which students could participate during weekends or holidays. Designing for Flood Crisis is one of the activities developed to teach Thai secondary school students about simple machines through an engineering design process within the context of a flood crisis. The activity was piloted with twenty Thai students in 9 th grade. Direct observations were employed to evaluate students’ understanding of simple machines and their performance in designing and constructing a LEGO TM model. Questionnaires were used to evaluate students’ opinions about the activity and their improvement in creativity and teamwork skills. We found that most students could complete their LEGO TM models within the time limit. They could also give clear and accurate explanations of the concepts of simple machines applied in their designs. Moreover, most of them strongly agreed that the activity was suitable for them and could help improve their creativity and teamwork skills. These findings demonstrate the potential of using a LEGO TM -based activity to teach science during extra-curricular hours and in formal classrooms. More studies are necessary to strengthen the findings.

Persepsi Pemustaka Terhadap Kualitas Layanan Window Of The World (WOW) Perpustakaan UGM Berdasarkan Model Libqual+TM

This study aims to find out users' perceptions towards quality of Window of the World (WOW) service based on the LibQUAL+TM models in the library of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. The type of the study is descriptive quantitative. Subjects of the study were users of the facilities of WOW service, while the object of the study was users' perception about the quality of WOW service. Data were obtained from questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. Sampling used incidental sampling technique, with a sample size of 100 respondents. There was a single variable, i.e. perception about WOW service. Data analysis used the mean and grand mean. Measurement of users' perception was based on the Libqual+TM models that included four dimensions. These were ability and attitude of librarians in serving (Service Affect-SA), the dimensions of the facilities and atmosphere of the space of the library (Library As Place-LP), the dimensions of the user and means of access (Personal Control-PC), and the dimensions of information access (information access-IA). Each dimension showed that the perception of the dimension of librarian in serving (Service Affact-SA) with an average of 3.05 (good), the dimensions of the facilities and atmosphere of the space of the library (Library As Place-LP) with an average of 3.13 (good), the dimensional directions and means of access (Personal Control-PC) with an average of 3.12 (good), and the dimensions of information access (information access-IA) with an average of 3.06 (good). The result showed that the users' perception about WOW service based on LibQUAL+TM models in library of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta was good. It can be seen from the total average of variable that is equal to 3.09, so it is necessary to improve the quality of WOW service in the library of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta to achieve excellent category. It was especially necessary to improve quality at its lowest dimensions on the dimensions of librarians in serving (Service Affect - SA) with an average of 3.05.

A Modular and Integrated Optimisation Model for Underwater Vehicles

<p>A modular and integrated optimisation model for the design of underwater vehicles is presented. In the proposed optimisation model two modules (i.e. low fidelity and high fidelity) are incorporated and the basic geometric definition of computer aided design (CAD) is integrated with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. The hydrodynamic drag is considered as single objective with constraints on the geometric parameters of dimension, space and volume. The CAD model is implemented in MATLAB*TM and CFD model is implemented in Shipflow**TM. A real-world design example of an existing underwater vehicles is presented. The applicability of proposed optimisation model is shown. The presented results show that within given set or sets of constraints the application of optimisation model in design results into an efficient hull form.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1, January 2016, pp. 71-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.8889</strong></p>

Результаты изучения металлических находок с поселения Колыванское-I (северо-западные предгорья Алтая)

The article is devoted to the characterization of metal products, found during the excavations of the Kolyvan-I settlement. The monument is located in the north-western foothills of Altai near the Savvushki village (Zmeinogorsky District of the Altai Territory). Over three decades of the field study excavation was carried out of about 2,500 square meters, the area where investigation was performed of the variety of objects relating to the economic activities of the people living there (the fire-places, facilities, production facilities, pits, etc.). Archaeological material includes a collection of pottery fragments, stone, bone and metal tools, as well as findings related to the bronze casting (slag, pieces of ore, metal spikes). Early complex of Kolyvan-I settlement is dated mainly 21-19th centuries, BC and refers to Elunino Archaeological Culture. The collection of products is represented by a series of metal needles, rings and fragments of knives. Spectral analysis of metal, carried out with the help of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ALPHA SERIES ™ (Model Alpha 2000), showed that the products are made of tin bronze (needles, knives) and lead (rings). Perspective is the study of toxins detected.

STEM LEARNING IN MATERIAL OF TEMPERATURE AND ITS CHANGE TO IMPROVE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This research aims to determine the improvement of students’ scientific literacy after STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning using 6E Learning by Design TM Model on temperature and its changes material. The research was conducted in SMP Negeri (State Junior High School) 1 Bumiayu in the academic year 2015/2016. The method used was quasi-experimental design with The Matching Only - pretest posttest control group design. This study used two group of experiment group of students who learned the material with STEM learning using 6E Learning by Design TM , while the control group students learned with non-STEM learning. The analysis showed that the students' scientific literacy in experiment group is better than control group. The conclusion that can be drawn is STEM learning using 6E Learning by Design TM on temperature and its changes material can improve students’ scientific literacy.

Analysis of Mean Maximal Power in cycling with a modified Critical Power model allowing for a non-constant Anaerobic Work Capacity

Introduction : Since its introduction by Monod and Sherrer 1 the Critical Power model has been applied to the analysis of cycling performances. In this model the Critical Power CP is the highest power that can be sustained without fatigue, and the total amount of work that can be produced until fatigue at any level above CP is indicated as the anaerobic work capacity W’. As yet W’ is considered to be a constant quantity. However Mean Maximal Power data, indicated by MMP, or a (t lim ,P lim ) data set can by described adequately by this CP-model only in a limited time range, typically between t lim =20’ and t lim =60’. Although the model can also formally be applied to short efforts, the relevant parameters CP and W’ as obtained from short and long efforts will differ significantly. Therefore we propose a modified CP-W’ model that will describe the MMP curve for the full relevant time range. Theory and results: The standard critical power model is expressed as 𝑃 ð‘i = 𝐶𝑃 + where t is the limiting time that a power P can be sustained until exhaustion. This equation is valid for all values of P(t) > CP but it leads to a catastrophe for short sustainable times because lim → 𝑃 ð‘i = ∞ Therefore some authors have proposed a general modification 𝑃 ð‘i = 𝐶𝑃 + 𝑓 ð‘i wherethefunction 𝑓 ð‘i hastobechosensuchthat lim → 𝑃 ð‘i = 𝑃 !# and P max is the zero-extrapolated maximal power. The effective work that can be delivered above CP is then ð‘S ! = ð‘S 𝑓 ð‘i . Examination of a number of MMP curves have lead us to consider 2 sustainable time zones, each zone being described with an appropriate correction function f(t). The full MMP curve is described as 𝑃 ð‘i = 𝐶𝑃 + 1 − 1 − ð‘i 𝑈 ( 𝑇 − ð‘i ) 𝑈 ð‘i − ð‘i𝑠𝑤 + 𝑀𝐴𝑃 + ( 1 − 𝑒 / ) 𝑈 ( ð‘i𝑠𝑤 − ð‘i ) 𝑇 !# !# Where U(t) is the unit step function i.e. U(t ≥ 0)=1 and U(t SCP the available W eff is much lower than the saturation value. This indicates that for this cyclist any test at sustainable times shorter than Tscp = 22 minutes will inevitably lead to anomalously high values of CP and low values of W’. Conclusions : We have presented a new model describing the full MMP-curves. Detailed analysis of the MMP and the [P,W’] data yield a set of field-based power parameters CP, W’,SCP,T SCP , MAP, P max , I„ . This model lifts the long standing discrepancy between the determinations of CP from short or from long efforts. CP from short test is closely related to MAP, while CP from long times is related to Maximal Lactate Steady State. CP test should be performed in the exhaustive time interval where W eff ’ has a constant value, i.e. for times higher than T SCP . Further research may focus on the relevance of these objective parameters for qualifying the strengths of sprinters, punchers, time trialists and climbers.

Does Intellectual Capital Affect Business Performance?

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firms’ financial performance with reference to a sample of companies operating in the European Union (EU) area during the period from 2006 to 2013. The analyses are further differentiated by country of domicile, industry sector, and historical period (pre-crisis and crisis). We investigate whether the value of the components of IC is a relevant factor that influences firms’ performance, proposing and testing a modified version of the value added intellectual capital (VAIC TM ) model which also considers country-specific differences in terms of default risk. The empirical results evidence the relevance of the information on IC disclosed by companies. Differences arise depending on the reference country, industry, and historical period examined. The main limitations of the research are the unbalanced structure of the sample among countries and industries and the specificity of the examined sample (listed firms applying IAS/IFRS system). The main implication of the study is that, since we demonstrate the value relevance of IC, our findings could be of interest for standard setters for defining a standard (qualitative and quantitative) level of information on human resources to be disclosed by companies in their financial statements. Our contribution to the literature is the proposal of some relevant modifications to the original VAIC TM model and providing new evidence on the

Control of the reactive power supplied by a WECS based on an induction generator fed by a matrix converter

This paper introduces an integrated energy storage and reactive power compensation in a large wind power plant, and it deals to regulate the reactive power supplied by a variable-speed Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), based on an induction generator fed by a Matrix Converter (MC). The control strategy used in this paper is input current observer, implemented using an estimation of the modulation index, and a nonlinear control loop that regulates the displacement angle at the matrix converter input. This paper is described the implemention of the matrix converter to control the reactive power by using the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique in large wind farms and combining them into one system to maintain stability control of the wind power plant. Control of reactive power increases the regulating capacity, which can provide voltage stability in the wind farm. In this work, Matlab/Simulink TM model and simulation of the three phase matrix converter have been performed using the space vector control algorithm. The algorithm uses a simpler method than the other control algorithms to control the input power factor. To verify the performance of the proposed Matrix Converter, modulation strategy, and control design methodology, various simulation results are presented.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RELAXATION OF BOLTS

Loss of pre-load with time, commonly known as ‘Relaxation’ is an established phenomena. Behaviour of a bolted joint depends upon the pre-load in the bolts in use, not the pre-load introduced by the mechanic. Loss of pre-load is expected due to the many factors such as embedment relaxation, gasket creep, elastic interactions, and vibration loosening or stress relaxation. In a gasketed joint, due to the gasket flexibility, relaxation is always substantial during preliminary passes, as 80 to 100% loss is not uncommon in almost all the bolts, resulting in a dynamic behaviour. Pre-load in a gasketed joint is stabilized and retained to certain extent in the final passes only. In a non-gasketed joint, due to no gasket and no rotation its static behaviour is concluded. This paper highlights the factors affecting the amount of relaxation with time and presents important considerations that can reduce this. Both the short and long term relaxations are recorded and a ‘best fit’ model for relaxation behaviour is derived.

Size Consideration on Shape Factor and Its Determination Role on theThermodynamic Stability of Quantum Dots

The size-related shape factor λ is established in this work and further introduced in the unified model for the melting piont Tm(D, λ) of quantum dots, respectively, with tetrahedral, decahedral, octahedral, cuboctahedral, and icosahedral atomic structures, where D means the diameter of quantum dots. For these quantum dots, the key difference is λ, which is defined as the surface area ratio between nonspherical and spherical quantum dots with identical volumes. It is found, when size is given, λ behaves as strong shape dependence with the sequence of λ(icosahedron) < λ(cuboctahedron) < λ(octahedron) < λ(decohedron) < λ(tetrahedron). This inevitably results in the sequence: Tm(icosahedron) > Tm(cuboctahedron) > Tm(octahedron) > Tm(decohedron) > Tm(tetrahedron) since the quantum dots with smaller λ value usually have higher thermodynamic stability. However, except shape dependence,λ also has obvious dependence on size, and decreases with size dropping. In fact, λ and D have reverse contribution to Tm(D, λ), that is to say Tm(D, λ) increases with D increasing, while decreases with λ increasing. However, for a certain atomic structure, the thermodynamic stability of quantum dots still decreases with size dropping, associated with the decrease in λ value. The validity of the model for Tm(D, λ) function is confirmed by the experimental and simulation results of the size- and shape-dependent thermodynamic stability in Au, Ag, Ni, Ar, Si, Pb, and In quantum dots.

Tm:YAG 激光器的波长可调谐理论和实验研究

Tm:YAG 激光器的波长可调谐理论和实验研究

P2-11-1 - Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Pancreatic Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft(Pdox) with a Portable Imaging System

Background: In this study, we investigated the advantages for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in mice of a portable hand-sized imaging system compared to a large chamber fluorescing imaging system or a long-working-distance fluorescence microscope.Methods: Mouse models of human pancreatic cancer for FGS included (1) MiaPaCa-2-expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), (2) BxPC3 labeled with anti-CEA antibody conjugated with Alexa 488, (3) pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX)TM labeled with anti-CA19-9 antibody conjugated with Alexa 488.Results: Each device could clearly detect the primary MiaPaCa-2-GFP tumor and any residual tumor after FGS. In the BxPC3 model labeled with Alexa 488-conjugated anti-CEA, each device could detect the primary tumor, but the MVX10 could not clearly detect the residual tumor remaining after FGS while the other devices could. In the PDOX)TM model labeled with Alexa 488 conjugated with anti CA19-9, only the portable hand-held device could distinguish the residual tumor from the background, and complete resection of the residual tumor was achieved under fluorescence navigation.Conclusion: The results described in the present report suggest the hand-held mobile imaging system can be able to be applied to the clinic for FGS due to its convenient size and high sensitivity and help make FGS widely-used.

Microfinance, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainability: Towards a New Micro-Finance Model for Zimbabwe

The main aim of this paper is to propose the development of a new microfinance model that can approximate sustainability in Zimbabwe. The secondary purpose is to find out whether the same model can be replicated in other developing countries. The paper adopted a mixed methodology. A crosssectional data collection method was preferred because data was collected during the time of high volatility in the country. Questionnaires, interview schedules were combined to collect data from villagers involved in microfinance programmes. Data were collected from 250 households in the Masvingo rural district area of Zimbabwe. The findings show that the two polar models are biased, hence the need for the ‘middle of the road approach’/‘hybrid model’ for the provision of microfinance services to the poor in order to achieve the twin objectives of poverty alleviation and sustainability. The paper is limited to a Masvingo district of Zimbabwe, thus replication could become a challenge. This article attempts to develop a ‘middle of the road’ model for microfinance in Zimbabwe. According to our knowledge, there is no study that has attempted to do the same.

Modeling of Tm–Ho codoped fiber saturable absorber based passive Q-switching of an Er-doped fiber laser

A theoretical model concerning the Tm–Ho codoped fiber saturable absorber based passive Q-switching of an Er-doped fiber laser is established. Comparison with the Tm-doped fiber saturable absorber is described and discussed. Numerical results indicate that, compared with a Tm-doped fiber saturable absorber, the Tm–Ho codoped fiber saturable absorber shortens the lifetime of the 3F4 energy level and improves the operation of the laser system.

Performance Analysis of Gate Misaligned Triple Material Double Gate (TMDG) MOSFET

In the literature, the misalignment effects in a nanoscale MOSFETis analyzed for dual material Double gate MOSFET. The analysis is used in the design criterion of the device. In this paper, a two dimensional analytical model of gate misalignment effects in Triple Material Double Gate (TM -DG) MOSFET is presented for the first time. The gate misalignment effect in the drain side is considered. Based on the misaligned gate, the device is split in to six regions. The boundary conditions are obtained considering the electric flux and the potential. The parameters are deriv ed using region based approach. Parameters like surface potential and electric field is studied. In general various methods like superposition method, Fourier series method, Numerical methods are used to analyze the device. In our paper, the parabolic approximation method is used for analytical modeling of TM -DG MOSFET since it is more accurate than the other methods available in the literature. The results are simulated and compared with dual material double gate MOSFET. The device performance is analyzed and it helps in the design scenario.

GTm-III: a new global empirical model for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water vapour

SUMMARY The weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a critical parameter in research of GPS meteorology. Recently, we have established two global Tm models, GTm-I and GTm-�, using groundbased radiosonde data. These two models, which directly use the location and the day of year to calculate Tm, consider the annual cycle only. In this study, we further take into account the variation characteristics of Tm in semi-annual and diurnal periodicity and estimate the initial phase of each cycle. A more accurate global empirical Tm model called GTm-III is constructed using high-precision Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) AtmosphereTm grid data, and then validated using a new set ofTm grid data, radiosonde data and Constellation Observation System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data. Results indicate that compared to the existing global Tm models, GTm-III provides Tm estimates of high accuracy on a global scale and the predicted values are close to the true values in every moment of every day.

Size and temperature consideration in the liquid layer growth from nanovoids and the melting model construction

A new model for the solid melting point Tm(D) from nanovoids is proposed through considering the liquid layer growth behavior. This model, which does not have any adjustable parameter, introduces the classical thermodynamic treatment, i.e., the liquid nucleation and growth theory, for nanoparticle melting. With increased void diameter D, Tm(D) approaches to Tm0. Moreover, Tm(D) > Tm0 for a small void (Tm0 is the bulk melting point). In other words, the solid can be significantly superheated especially when D decreases, even if the difference of interface energy is larger than zero. This finding can be expected from the negatively curved surface of the void. The model predictions are consistent with the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation results for argon solids. Moreover, the growth of liquid layer from void surface relies on both size and temperature, which directly determine liquid layer thickness, and only when liquid layer thickness reaches to a critical value, can void become instable.

A Target Needs Analysis of the Written Communication Skills for Students of Writing for Professional Purposes Course

The great demand for business communication skills among graduates has urged universities to develop English business communication courses, which lie under the domain of ‘English for Specific Purposes’. This paper aims to conduct a 'needs analysis' of Writing for Professional Purposes course students at the School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). It is part of a study which aims at gathering pertinent information from multiple sources including students, graduates of the Writing for Professional Purposes course, employers, and an ESP teacher. Hutchinson and Waters’ model of needs analysis used in the present study to explorethe perceptions of graduates of the courseon the course students’ target needs with regards to written business communication skills. The results demonstrate that a few written business communication skills such as writing emails, resumes and reportsare highly important in today’s workplace. Thus it is vital for students of Writing for Professional Purposes course to be prepared with the needed written business communication skills. The study indicates that generally the course is in line with the students’ target needs.