Language Titles Research Articles

Bibliometric analysis of publications that cited the CIOMS 2016 “International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans”

The CIOMS book “International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans”, published in 2016 (IEG2016), provides information to assist research ethics committee members and research practitioners with pragmatically implementing ethical considerations while planning and conducting their research. To identify which aspects of research IEG2016 has had the greatest impact since its publication, we analyzed metadata from 942 papers that cited IEG2016 (English language title only) from Web of Science (WoS, Clarivate). Using VOSviewer, we mapped the co-occurrence of keywords to derive the network of all keywords that co-occurred at least five times in the set of citing papers. We found that the keywords ethics, research ethics, informed consent, and clinical trials had high co-occurrence scores in this set of publications. Strong links were also observed between ethics, research ethics, and informed consent. We identified fifteen human-related (HR) keyword nodes in this keyword network. Analysis of the subset of 273 IEG2016-citing articles containing these fifteen HR keywords showed later-date publications were focused on the youngest humans (children, adolescents, young people, minors) and the humans typically responsible for those youngest humans, namely women and parents. Seventy-nine of the 110 networked countries/regions associated with IEG2016-citing articles were home to HR keyword articles. We conclude that IEG2016 has had significant impact in health and medical science literature and has served as a foundation for health-related research around the world in the areas of ethics, informed consent, and research ethics and the linkage of these topics to under-represented populations in such research.

When Avoidance Backfires: Interracial Officer-Citizen Dyads and the Consequences for Fleeing Suspects

Research suggests that Black citizens who experience an elevated fear of law enforcement frequently engage in avoidance strategies, such as fleeing, when confronted by police. There is also strong reason to speculate that this avoidance behavior commonly transpires when the police officer is White. Problematically, this avoidance strategy may place these citizens at an increased risk for officer use of force as the police seek to subdue fleeing suspects. The current study uses data drawn from the Evaluation of Less-Lethal Technologies on Police Use-of-Force project and a series of logistic regression equations and mediation analysis to determine whether Black suspects are more apt to flee from White police officers than other officer-suspect racial dyads and, because of this fleeing behavior, have a greater likelihood of experiencing force. After controlling for a variety of salient factors, results indicate support for this scenario. Policy implications are discussed. Plain language title When Avoidance Backfires: Mixed-Race Officer-Citizen Contacts and What Happens When Suspects Run From Police

Distribution of Lithuanian publications by J. Zavadzkis firm 1805-1864

J. Zavadzkis' firm—one of the largest printing, publishing, and distributing firms in Lithuania—was the most important enterprise in the publishing and trade of Lithuanian books in the 19th century. The extent of the Zavadzkis family's trade in Lithuanian books directly depended on the publishing activity of the firm. The passive publication of Lithuanian books in the period of 1805-1852 resulted in a minimal extent of Lithuanian books sold. It didn't reach 1% of book sales during the period described. The trade of Lithuanian books became very active in 1853-1864, during the years of intensive publishing of Lithuanian books, when one-third of all books printed at that time appeared from the firm. In addition to the bookshop in Vilnius, which had been in operation since 1805, a bookshop in Varniai was established in 1853. The bookshop in Varniai, being located in the center of Lithuanian democratic culture and the most Lithuanian and literate part of Lithuania, became a very important center for the distribution of Lithuanian books. The extent of trade at the bookshop in Varniai was larger than that in Vilnius. In 1853-1864, the bookshop in Vilnius sold about 16,000 copies of Lithuanian books, while 280,000 copies were sent to Varniai. There were 45 titles of books published by the Zavadzkis family. There were also publications by L. Ivinskis, S. Daukantas, M. Valančius, and M. Akelaitis. The number of Lithuanian book titles compared with titles in other languages was very small in both the Vilnius and Varniai bookshops due to second editions or large print runs. Customers acquired books in different ways; trade "by counter" was not very popular. Small traders engaged in commission trade often resold books to the main customers, who were peasants. Book sales particularly thrived at annual fairs in various towns and small towns across Lithuania. The fairs in Šiluva and Kalvarijos were particularly famous, and special shipments from the Vilnius bookshop were arranged for them. Other customers, such as office employees, doctors, teachers, chemists, and clergy from different regions, often subscribed to books and received them by mail. The customers of the bookshops were spread throughout Žemaičių and Vilnius dioceses. J. Zavadzkis' firm used book advertisements by making bibliographical lists of books and printing them on book covers or in separate publications. In 1858, the first trade bibliographical publication appeared in Greater Lithuania.

Prevalence of Common Child Mental Health Disorders Using Administrative Health Data and Parent Report in a Prospective Community-Based Cohort from Alberta, Canada: Prévalence des troubles communs de santé mentale de l'enfant à l'aide des données de santé administratives et des rapports des parents dans une cohorte prospective communautaire d'Alberta, Canada.

Knowing the prevalence of mental health difficulties in young children is critical for early identification and intervention. In the current study, we examine the agreement among three different data sources estimating the prevalence of diagnoses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional disorders (i.e., anxiety or mood disorder) for children between birth and 9 years of age. Data from a prospective pregnancy cohort was linked with provincial administrative health data for children in Alberta, Canada. We report the positive agreement, negative agreement, and Cohen's Kappa of parent-reported child diagnoses provided by a health professional ("parent report"), exceeding a clinical cut-off on a standardized questionnaire completed by parents (the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition ["BASC-3"]), and cumulative inpatient, outpatient, or physician claims diagnoses ("administrative data"). Positive and negative agreement for administrative data and parent-reported ADHD diagnoses were 70.8% and 95.6%, respectively, and 30.5% and 94.9% for administrative data and the BASC-3, respectively. For emotional disorders, administrative data and parent-reported diagnoses had a positive agreement of 35.7% and negative agreement of 96.30%. Positive and negative agreement for emotional disorders using administrative data and the BASC-3 were 20.0% and 87.4%, respectively. Kappa coefficients were generally low, indicating poor chance-corrected agreement between these data sources. The data sources highlighted in this study provide disparate agreement for the prevalence of ADHD and emotional disorder diagnoses in young children. Low Kappa coefficients suggest that parent-reported diagnoses, clinically elevated symptoms using a standardized questionnaire, and diagnoses from administrative data serve different purposes and provide discrete estimates of mental health difficulties in early childhood. Prevalence of child mental health disorders according to different data sources in Canada.

Russian Tamizdat Publications at the New York Public Library: A Checklist

ABSTRACT This checklist includes Russian tamizdat titles from the holdings of The New York Public Library. Manuscripts of these materials had been smuggled out of Soviet Unione and published in the West between 1929 and 1991. For the purposes of the checklist, the definition of the tamizdat was expanded to include titles in foreign languages, but limited to English translations only. The checklist excludes, however, Russian translations of works by foreign-language authors. The checklist is organized alphabetically by the name of the authors while the titles of their works appear in chronological order of their publication, regardless of the language in which they were first printed.

Transfer Learning for the Visual Arts: The Multi-modal Retrieval of Iconclass Codes

Iconclass is an iconographic thesaurus, which is widely used in the digital heritage domain to describe subjects depicted in artworks. Each subject is assigned a unique descriptive code, which has a corresponding textual definition. The assignment of Iconclass codes is a challenging task for computational systems, due to the large number of available labels in comparison to the limited amount of training data available. Transfer learning has become a common strategy to overcome such a data shortage. In deep learning, transfer learning consists in fine-tuning the weights of a deep neural network for a downstream task. In this work, we present a deep retrieval framework, which can be fully fine-tuned for the task under consideration. Our work is based on a recent approach to this task, which already yielded state-of-the-art performance, although it could not be fully fine-tuned yet. This approach exploits the multi-linguality and multi-modality that is inherent to digital heritage data. Our framework jointly processes multiple input modalities, namely, textual and visual features. We extract the textual features from the artwork titles in multiple languages, whereas the visual features are derived from photographic reproductions of the artworks. The definitions of the Iconclass codes, containing useful textual information, are used as target labels instead of the codes themselves. As our main contribution, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large margin. In addition, our approach is superior to the M 3 P feature extractor and outperforms the multi-lingual CLIP in most experiments due to the better quality of the visual features. Our out-of-domain and zero-shot experiments show poor results and demonstrate that the Iconclass retrieval remains a challenging task. We make our source code and models publicly available to support heritage institutions in the further enrichment of their digital collections.

Extraction vs nonextraction of premolars for orthodontic treatment: A scoping review examining the extent, range, and characteristics of the literature

The debate about whether malocclusion can or should be treated with or without extraction of premolars continues. This scoping review quantifies the literature, summarizes the outcomes researched and methods, and proposes a way to reduce uncertainty in this area. Electronic and gray literature searches were undertaken without language restriction, but non-English language titles and abstracts were not translated. A minimum of 2 people independently screened the titles and abstracts. Searches identified 9010 articles, of which 3851 were duplicates; 5159 were screened, and 4617 were excluded (1092 laboratory or animal studies, 1219 case reports or series, 2306 with no information). By consensus, 399 articles contained information concerning differences between orthodontic patients treated with or without premolar extractions (143 were unclear). The majority (n= 372) reported outcomes in 8 areas. Fifty-seven were review articles (32 systematic reviews and 25 nonsystematic reviews or opinions). The most common research design in the remainder was a cohort (n= 280, 82% of 342 articles reporting primary data), of which a very large majority were considered retrospective (n= 249, 89% of articles reported for subjects over ≥2 time points). Only 28 (8% of articles reporting primary data) were judged to involve prospective data collection (4 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 23 cohorts, 1 unclear design). Excluding reviews and unclear articles, 99% (332 out of 336) were considered observational research and only 1% were interventional. There was limited low-quality evidence that extracting premolars in orthodontic patients have a possible negative effect in 2 outcome areas and a positive effect in 1 outcome area. Most study reports were of low methodological quality, and further reviews are unlikely to provide new information. Investigators should concentrate on collecting primary data of outcomes important to patients. A protocol has been made available to help reduce methodological differences, assist future meta-analyses and increase the generalizability of findings: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CQ49Y.

Welcome from the Editors

Welcome from the Editors

The Value of Indirect Comparisons of Systemic Biologics for Psoriasis: Interpretation of Efficacy Findings.

IntroductionIt can be challenging for dermatologists to keep abreast of the growing evidence from published indirect comparisons (ICs) of treatments for psoriasis. The objective of this analysis was to summarise comparative clinical efficacy and safety findings from ICs of systemic biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and to identify factors potentially affecting efficacy outcomes and their possible implications for clinical decision making.MethodsAn umbrella review of short- and long-term efficacy and safety findings from 26 ICs visually compared 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI90) treatment rankings and three safety outcome rankings side by side. Pearson’s correlation coefficients measured the strength of the association between each pair of ICs on the basis of identified factors that could potentially affect efficacy findings.ResultsSome consistency in short-term PASI90 efficacy rankings was observed for certain drugs, although rankings for most drugs varied by IC. Factors potentially affecting efficacy outcomes included the use of different methodologies for head-to-head comparison and statistical analyses, and variation in drugs and classes included treatment dosing and duration, outcome definitions and effect measures reported between ICs. Considerable variation in these factors was found across all 26 ICs. Comparative safety information of value to physicians was limited.ConclusionsSubstantial differences were identified between ICs in factors that could potentially affect efficacy outcomes. Treatment rankings must be interpreted alongside actual differences in IC outcomes to allow conclusions on clinical relevance. Drugs within a class cannot be considered of equal efficacy: therapies should be considered individually rather than by class.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00765-3.

Big in Japan, Zimbabwe or Brazil – global reach and national preferences for open access books

The perceived effect of internationalization on publishing is that there is a strong focus on global issues written in English only. In academic book publishing – strongly connected to the humanities and social sciences (HSS) – languages other than English play an important role. Non-English academic publications have been linked to regional issues: there is a tension between English as the ‘lingua franca’ enabling a global reach versus local languages that provide a better cultural ‘fit’. This article examines the preference of global readers in a systematic manner, by examining the usage of the open access collection of the OAPEN Library. Based on the ten most downloaded books from 100 countries during a 12-month period, the focus on regional topics is measured using the number of books written in non-English languages and the amount of English language books that mention the country. The results show a global interest in books with a regional focus. In many countries, the ten most downloaded books are written in non-English languages. Even when English language titles are part of the top ten, many mention regional concerns. The article counters the narrative of the dominance of English as the language of scholarly communication. Instead, it supports the value of bibliodiversity.

Bibliometric and Text Mining Analysis on COVID-19 Research Projects in Iran

Bibliometric and Text Mining Analysis on COVID-19 Research Projects in Iran

What's being recommended to patients on social media? A cross-sectional analysis of acne treatments on YouTube

What's being recommended to patients on social media? A cross-sectional analysis of acne treatments on YouTube

Influence of colchicine prescription in COVID-19-related hospital admissions: a survival analysis.

Aims:To analyze the association between colchicine prescription and COVID-19-related hospital admissions in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).Methods:Patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic from a tertiary care center in Madrid, Spain, from 1 September 2019 to 29 February 2020 were included. Patients were assigned as exposed or unexposed based on whether they were prescribed with colchicine in their last visit to the clinic during the 6 months before the start of the observation period. Treatment changes during the observation period were also considered. The primary outcome was COVID-19-related hospital admissions between 1 March and 20 May 2020. Secondary outcome included COVID-19-related mortality. Several weighting techniques for data balancing, based and non-based on the propensity score, followed by Cox regressions were performed to estimate the association of colchicine prescription on both outcomes.Discussion:The number of patients entered in the study was 9379, with 406 and 9002 exposed and unexposed follow-up periods, respectively. Generalized Boosted Models (GBMs) and Empirical Balancing Calibration Weighting (EBCW) methods showed the best balance for COVID-19-related hospital admissions. Colchicine prescription did not show a statistically significant association after covariable balancing (p-value = 0.195 and 0.059 for GBM and EBCW, respectively). Regarding mortality, the low number of events prevented a success variable balancing and analysis.Conclusion:Colchicine prescription does not play a significant protective or risk role in RMD patients regarding COVID-19-related hospital admissions. Our observations could support the maintenance of colchicine prescription in those patients already being treated, as it is not associated with a worse prognosis.Plain language title:Colchicine influence in COVID-19-related hospital admissions

Cross-Cultural Communication: Its Asymmetry and Authenticity

The paper analyses a cross-cultural asymmetry in scientific papers and their titles in Russian and in English, exposes most characteristic distinctions between authentic scientific paper titles in both languages and shows explicit incongruency between authentic paper titles in English and those literally translated from Russian, which often demonstrate cross-linguistic interference between Russian and English academic style. Special attention is payed to its reasons and the ways to overcoming it, as well as to discrepancies in Russian vs. English academic style predetermined by their different grammatical organization and culture-specific cognitive and communicative dominants in the interaction between the author and the reader. The extensive corpus-based empirical data for the carried out contrastive investigation covers authentic scientific paper titles in Russian, their published translations into English, and authentic scientific paper titles from leading international linguistic journals, published in English in 2018-2020 and indexed in Scopus. The overall corpus volume is 7800 titles.

Hollywoodfilmtitel im Deutschen und im Thailändischen

This paper is a contrastive analysis which explores how the English Hollywood film titles are translated into German and Thai. The purpose of the study is to answer the following questions: 1) What is the difference between the length of the film titles in the original English version and in their German and Thai translation; 2) Which translation methods can be found in the translation of the Hollywood film titles into German and Thai?; 3) Which constructions can be found in the translated film titles in German and in Thai in comparison to the original ones? The study is based on a corpus of 900 film titles including 300 of Hollywood film titles and their translation in German and Thai. It is found that the length of the film titles is between one and twelve words. While film titles in both European languages contain mostly two words, the use of four-word titles occurs most frequently in the Thai translation. 10 translation strategies are found in total. In German, the original English titles are mostly kept. In contrast to German, the titles are mostly totally changed in Thai. Regarding the structure of the film titles, there are totally 7 categories. Nominal phrase is the most frequently found construction of film titles in all these three analyzed languages.

INTERKULTURALNA KOMUNIKACIJA NA RADNOM MESTU: RODNO OZNAČENE LEKSEME ZA NAZIVE ZANIMANjA, ZVANjA I TITULA U SRPSKOM I ENGLESKOM JEZIKU

This theoretical paper deals with gender-lexicalized names for occupations, functions and titles in the Serbian and English languages. The main task is to provide a summary of Serbian and English literature in terms of a given topic so as to compare general attitudes and conclusions in the two languages. The language material consulted for the writing of this paper included scientific studies, academic debates and newspaper articles, since this topic represents a social phenomenon which can be pointed at by the interaction between scientist (academic studies, debates) and the public (newspaper articles). As for the methodological procedure, it involved several steps. Firstly, we created tabular annotated bibliographies which contained the following data: the title of the paper/article, the subject matter of the paper/ article, the aim(s), methodology, the information on the participants in the study, or the information on the corpus, the main results, limitations and conclusions. Next, we selected the relevant parts for the problems we dealt with and included them in the appropriate parts of our paper. Eventually, based on the analyzed studies and newspaper articles, we made a conclusion regarding the given topic. The main results indicate that active efforts are made in both languages in order to eliminate sexist language and gender inequality. However, since English and Serbian are different in terms of the typological classification, the problem is approached differently in the two languages. To conclude, these results refer to the said corpus, thus further research is needed to consider the observed tendencies a rule.

Russian, Japanese, and Latin Oh My! Using Technology to Catalog Non-English Language Titles

Nearly every library where the dominant language is English also has materials that are written in other languages. These materials can present unique challenges for catalogers. Many non-English language materials are located in the array of collections of the Special Collection Department of Mississippi State University (MSU). To properly process and catalog these materials, the cataloger used online tools which provided a greater understanding of the materials, allowing a higher cataloging standard. The author discusses the various tools and methods that were used to catalog these materials.

Optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy duration in Wilms tumour with intravascular thrombus: A literature review and evidence from SIOP WT 2001 trial.

Preoperative chemotherapy is recommended for children with Wilms tumour with intravascular extension. Extended chemotherapy may improve resectability, but increase tumour adherence to vascular endothelium, precluding complete resection. To evaluate the optimal length of preoperative treatment, we report a two-part review comprising systematic review of the literature and investigation of patients treated in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) WT 2001 trial. Studies were identified using Medline and Embase databases from 1996 to present. English language titles reporting management of intravascular Wilms tumour were analysed. Patients with Wilms tumour and thrombus were identified from the SIOP WT 2001 trial. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), tumour regression, completeness of resection and cavectomy were investigated. The search retrieved 43 articles documenting 498 children. Note that 72% of the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 101 received standard course (4-6weeks, standard course neoadjuvant chemotherapy [StC]) and 62 extended course (>6weeks, extended course neoadjuvant chemotherapy [EC]). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of thrombus regression or completeness of resection. EFS was greater in the StC group (78vs 54%; P=.04). Of 4511 patients registered in the SIOP WT 2001 trial, 166 had thrombus. Note that 97% of the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 63 StC and 67 EC. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to tumour regression, complete resection, or cavectomy. Survival was significantly higher in those receiving StC than EC (OS: 95%vs 82%, P=.025; EFS: 88%vs 72%, P=.047). There is no evidence that prolonged courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy beyond the recommended protocols confer any additional benefit in treating intravascular extension of Wilms tumour.

Lack of online video educational resources for open colorectal surgery training

Video recordings of open surgical procedures could provide a method for enhancing surgical education, analysing operative performance and presenting cases to a wider audience of surgeons. The aim of this pilot study was to systematically search the World Wide Web to determine the availability of open surgery videos and to evaluate their potential training value in terms of the educational content presented. A broad search for open right hemicolectomy videos was performed on the three most used English language internet search engines (Google.com, Bing.com and Yahoo.com). All videos of open right hemicolectomy with an English language title were included. Laparoscopic surgery, single-incision laparoscopic surgery and robotic- and hand-assisted surgery videos were excluded, as were videos from fee charging websites. A total of 31 relevant websites were identified and 21 open surgery videos were finally included. The characteristics of the patients were presented only in four (19%) videos. A video commentary was present in 12 cases (57.1%) and this was in English language in 11. The median number of views per month was 84.1. Open surgery videos have a significantly higher number of views per month compared to laparoscopic surgery videos, but current methodologies used to record and render the surgeon's point of view in open operative surgery remain limited.

Hagemeister, Michael Die ‘Protokolle der Weisen von Zion’ vor Gericht: Der Berner Prozess 1933–1937 und die ‘antisemitische Internationale’ (review)

SEER, 96, 4, OCTOBER 2018 790 Hagemeister, Michael. Die ‘Protokolle der Weisen von Zion’ vor Gericht: Der Berner Prozess 1933–1937 und die ‘antisemitische Internationale’. Veröffentlichungen des Archivs für Zeitgeschichte des Instituts für GeschichtederETHZürich,10.Chronos,Zurich,2017.645pp.Illustrations. Notes. Biographies. Bibliography. Index. €54.00. In a monograph first published half a century before the volume under review, Norman Cohn’s widely-translated Warrant for Genocide raised the question of whether the Holocaust might have been avoided if fewer people had read (and read about) the Protocols and more people had realized how dangerous a concoction it was (and in various parts of the world still is today). Some books doindeedhavetheirownveryspecialdestinyandaffectthedestiniesofmillions of their readers and non-readers alike. Take, for instance, a booklet from 1848, The Communist Manifesto, and a short work by Lenin called What is to be Done?, dating from 1902, the year before the anonymous Protocols, a weird and stodgy compilation largely translated from the French, were first published as a serial in a right-wing St Petersburg newspaper. An online English translation is easily available without payment, but Hagemeister provides an adequate summary on pp. 38–40. It appeared in German translation in due course, and Hitler referred to it but appears not to have been particularly excited by it, and for some reason it was not reprinted in Nazi Germany after 1939 (pp. 49–53). Whether Stalin read it is not known, but it enjoyed some success with the right wing of the anti-Soviet Russian emigration. The fate of the Protocols (there are various titles in various languages) is (or should be) of great interest to all those studying Central and Eastern European Jewry, forgeries, literary fabrications, conspiracy theories, censorship, myths, legends and compromising materials (kompromat). The text might take on a new life in post-truth circles in which fake news seems to be playing an ever increasing role. This is particularly the case in Russia, where the very concept of truth is split into pravda and istina, with preference often being given to the former. And more broadly, it is not only Russians who accept the notion of credo quia absurdum (p. 299). If the Soviet leaders had creatively misused and adapted Cohn’s title shortly after his book was published, they would have stamped down on the Prague Spring well before the autumn, and put a brake on glasnost´ twenty years later, thereby preventing what the current President of Russia has called the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the twentieth century. But did the leaders of the USSR really believe that Sakharov, Solzhenitsyn and Siniavskii were as dangerous as the Protocols? Hagemeister seems to think that Cohn, with the best of intentions, was exaggerating. In Switzerland in 1933, some Jews and non-Jews evidently felt that it was better to raise the alarm than to hope that ‘it would all blow over’. The Great REVIEWS 791 Depression was far from its end, the Reichstag had been set alight in February, shortly after Hitler had come to power, democratically if populistically. Curiously enough, both the German National Socialists and the Soviet International Communists were busy building up strong states and tightly controlled societies that were in some ways rather similar both to what the Wise Men of Zion had purportedly long been planning (see pp. 209, 229 and 329, for instance), and to what Zamiatin had envisaged in the early 1920s and to what Orwell was to describe at the end of the 1940s. The First Zionist Congress had taken place in Basel in 1897, and some of the contents of the Protocols were said to derive from an ultra-top-secret back-stage gathering of several enormously powerful Jewish leaders while the more public sessions of the Congress were diverting the attention of the general public from what really was being planned for the next stage of the strategy to rule over the entire world. If this text was, as is now more widely thought, concocted not at the end of the nineteenth century but at the beginning of the twentieth, one might have thought that the compiler(s) could have been inspired not only by Ivan...