Title Structures Research Articles

RETRACTED: Gastrodin protects rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 from hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulation of microRNA-21.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. The journal contacted the authors for their response to the following remark from Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this paper: ‘This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels. Despite these similarities, these papers are authored by researchers from different departments and institutes, with almost no overlap in authors’. The authors failed to respond to this directly but instead requested the journal to retract the paper on the basis that the data were not represented accurately and new results have shown inconsistency with what has been reported in this paper. The authors apologise for any misconceptions that this paper may have resulted in.

RETRACTED: Triptolide inhibits the growth and migration of colon carcinoma cells by down-regulation of miR-191

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised about the background pattern of the Western Blots from Figure 2A. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA RMRP upregulation aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by sponging miR-206 to target ATG3 expression

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Features appear similar within the panel “Hypoxia” from Figure 1B, as well as to features from the panel “Hypoxia” of Figure 3C. Also, a section of panel “Hypoxia+pcDNA3.1” from Figure 3D appear similar to sections of the panels “Hypoxia+shNC” and “Hypoxia+sh-RMRP”. A section of the “Control” panel of Figure 3D appears similar to sections of panels from Figures 5E-F of the article published by Shenfa Zhuang, Fengxian Liu and Pingping Wu in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 13392-13402 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.28614 and Figure 5G of the article published by Yonghui Zhang, Jing Fang, Hongmeng Zhao, Yue Yu, Xuchen Cao and Bin Zhang in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 5097-5107 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27786. Another section of the “Control” panel of Figure 3D appears similar to a section of the panel “miR-1469 inhibitor” from Figure 5F of the article published by the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 5097. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request.

RETRACTED: miR-208b targets Bax to protect H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised about the background pattern of the Western Blots from Figures 3D and 5A. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Angelica sinensis polysaccharide protects rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 from hypoxia-induced injury by down-regulation of microRNA-22

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as there are concerns about the reliability of the results included in the article. The journal was initially contacted by the corresponding author to request the retraction of the article. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the author to provide the raw data. However, the author was not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Long non-coding RNA HULC promotes UVB-induced injury by up-regulation of BNIP3 in keratinocytes

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised about the background pattern of the Western Blots from Figures 4 and 5. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: TUG1 alleviates hypoxia injury by targeting miR-124 in H9c2 cells

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Emodin attenuates apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS through up-regulating lncRNA TUG1 in murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised about the background pattern of the Western Blots from Figures 4 and 5. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to provide raw data of sufficient quality and detail for the journal to independently audit the provenance and validity of the data, and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

Three new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Maytenus boaria.

As part of a project studying the secondary metabolites extracted from the Chilean flora, we report herein three new β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes, namely (1S,4S,5S,6R,7R,8R,9R,10S)-6-acetoxy-4,9-dihydroxy-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyloctahydro-2H-3,9a-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-5,10-diyl bis(furan-3-carboxylate), C27H32O11, (II), (1S,4S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10S)-6-acetoxy-9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyloctahydro-2H-3,9a-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-5,10-diyl bis(furan-3-carboxylate), C27H32O10, (III), and (1S,4S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10S)-6-acetoxy-10-(benzoyloxy)-9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyloctahydro-2H-3,9a-methanobenzo[b]oxepin-5-yl furan-3-carboxylate, C29H34O9, (IV), obtained from the seeds of Maytenus boaria and closely associated with a recently published relative [Paz et al. (2017). Acta Cryst. C73, 451-457]. In the (isomorphic) structures of (II) and (III), the central decalin system is esterified with an acetate group at site 1 and furoate groups at sites 6 and 9, and differ at site 8, with an OH group in (II) and no substituent in (III). This position is also unsubstituted in (IV), with site 6 being occupied by a benzoate group. The chirality of the skeletons is described as 1S,4S,5S,6R,7R,8R,9R,10S in (II) and 1S,4S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10S in (III) and (IV), matching the chirality suggested by NMR studies. This difference in the chirality sequence among the title structures (in spite of the fact that the three skeletons are absolutely isostructural) is due to the differences in the environment of site 8, i.e. OH in (II) and H in (III) and (IV). This diversity in substitution, in turn, is responsible for the differences in the hydrogen-bonding schemes, which is discussed.

RETRACTED: Sinomenine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury by regulation of miR-101/MKP-1/JNK pathway in keratinocyte cells

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Long non-coding RNA TUG1 inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory response in LPS-treated H9c2 cells by down-regulation of miR-29b

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: MiR-29b aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cells inflammatory damage by regulation of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. The authors sent some data to the journal in response to its request but this was inconsistent with the data in the manuscript and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

RETRACTED: Schizandrin A enhances chemosensitivity of colon carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil through up-regulation of miR-195

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

Cs3LiZn2(WO4)4 and Rb3Li2Ga(MoO4)4: different filled derivatives of the cation-deficient Cs6Zn5(MoO4)8 structure.

Two new compounds, namely cubic tricaesium lithium dizinc tetrakis(tetraoxotungstate), Cs3LiZn2(WO4)4, and tetragonal trirubidium dilithium gallium tetrakis(tetraoxomolybdate), Rb3Li2Ga(MoO4)4, belong to the structural family of Cs6Zn5(MoO4)8 (space group I-43d, Z = 4), with a partially incomplete (Zn5/6□1/6) position. In Cs3LiZn2(WO4)4, this position is fully statistically occupied by (Zn2/3Li1/3), and in Rb3Li2Ga(MoO4)4, the 2Li + Ga atoms are completely ordered in two distinct sites of the space group I-42d (Z = 4). In the same way, the crystallographically equivalent A+ cations (A = Cs, Rb) in Cs6Zn5(MoO4)8, Cs3LiZn2(WO4)4 and isostructural A3LiZn2(MoO4)4 and Cs3LiCo2(MoO4)4 are divided into two sites in Rb3Li2Ga(MoO4)4, as in other isostructural A3Li2R(MoO4)4 compounds (AR = TlAl, RbAl, CsAl, CsGa, CsFe). In the title structures, the WO4 and (Zn,Li)O4 or LiO4, GaO4 and MoO4 tetrahedra share corners to form open three-dimensional frameworks with the caesium or rubidium ions occupying cuboctahedral cavities. The tetrahedral frameworks are related to that of mayenite 12CaO·7Al2O3 and isotypic compounds. Comparison of isostructural Cs3MZn2(MoO4)4 (M = Li, Na, Ag) and Cs6Zn5(MoO4)8 shows a decrease of the cubic lattice parameter and an increase in thermal stability with the filling of the vacancies by Li+ in the Zn position of the Cs6Zn5(MoO4)8 structure, while filling of the cation vacancies by larger Na+ or Ag+ ions plays a destabilizing role. The series A3Li2R(MoO4)4 shows second harmonic generation effects compatible with that of β'-Gd2(MoO4)3 and may be considered as nonlinear optical materials with a modest nonlinearity.

Crystal structure of (4,4'-bipyridyl-κN)bis-[N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-N-iso-propyl-dithio-carbamato-κ2S,S']zinc(II)-4,4'-bipyridyl (2/1) and its isostructural cadmium(II) analogue.

The title structures, [M(C6H12NOS2)2(C10H8N2)]·0.5C10H8N2, for M = Zn, (I), and Cd, (II), feature terminally bound 4,4'-bipyridyl ligands and non-coordinating 4,4'-bi-pyridyl mol-ecules, with the latter disposed about a centre of inversion. The coordination geometry about the metal atom is defined by two non-symmetrically chelating di-thio-carbamate ligands and a pyridyl N atom. The NS4 donor sets are distorted but, approximate to trigonal bipyramidal in each case. In the crystal, hy-droxy-O-H⋯O(hy-droxy) and hy-droxy-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds between the zinc-containing mol-ecules lead to a supra-molecular layer parallel to (100). The three-dimensional architecture arises as the layers are linked via methine-C-H⋯S, pyridyl-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) and π-π [inter-centroid distance between coordinated pyridyl rings = 3.6246 (18) Å] inter-actions. Channels along the c-axis direction are occupied by the non-coordinating 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecules, which are held in place by C-H⋯π(chelate ring) contacts.

Crystal structures of {μ2-N,N'-bis-[(pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]ethanedi-amide}tetra-kis-(di-methyl-carbamodi-thio-ato)dizinc(II) di-methyl-formamide disolvate and {μ2-N,N'-bis-[(pyridin-3-yl)meth-yl]ethanedi-amide}tetra-kis-(di-n-propyl-carbamodi-thio-ato)dizinc(II).

The title structures, [Zn2(C3H6NS2)4(C14H14N4O2)]·2C3H7NO (I) and [Zn2(C7H14NS2)4(C14H14N4O2)] (II), each feature a bidentate, bridging bipyridyl-type ligand encompassing a di-amide group. In (I), the binuclear compound is disposed about a centre of inversion, leading to an open conformation, while in (II), the complete mol-ecule is completed by the application of a twofold axis of symmetry so that the bridging ligand has a U-shape. In each of (I) and (II), the di-thio-carbamate ligands are chelating with varying degrees of symmetry, so the zinc atom is within an NS4 set approximating a square-pyramid for (I) and a trigonal-bipyramid for (II). The solvent di-methyl-formaide (DMF) mol-ecules in (I) connect to the bridging ligand via amide-N-H⋯O(DMF) and various amide-, DMF-C-H⋯O(amide, DMF) inter-actions. The resultant three-mol-ecule aggregates assemble into a three-dimensional architecture via C-H⋯π(pyridyl, chelate ring) inter-actions. In (II), undulating tapes sustained by amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding lead to linear supra-molecular chains with alternating mol-ecules lying to either side of the tape; no further directional inter-actions are noted in the crystal.

Pozyskiwanie odbiorcy w tytułach prasowych. Analiza wybranych przykładów z tygodników opinii

The main objective of the article is to show the ways of implementing interactivity of communication by means of press titles. The phenomenon is shown on the example of title structure of the articles published in opinion weeklies. Interactivity has become one of the main features of modern written media. Press (following television and electronic media) emphasizes the contact with the recipient. Unfortunately, it is more difficult for press, and generally for print media, to gain audience. The direct forms of contact are excluded in the process. The titles have become the major means of establishing relations with the readers. As a result, they have become a distinguishing feature of press texts in today’s press communication. The titles function as a tool and a way of building relations between the sender and the reader. Finally, they have become a link between the sender and recipient on the one hand and the main text on the other. An important role in this respect is played by the series of different press titles. The author treats them here as specific title structures. Due to their complexity, they have a variety of roles – from the identification of the recipient and the navigation of the text to maintaining contact with the reader.

Syntactic Structures and Rhetorical Functions of Electrical Engineering, Psychiatry, and Linguistics Research Article Titles in English and Persian: A Cross-linguistic and Cross-disciplinary Study

A research article (RA) title is the first and foremost feature that attracts the reader's attention, the feature from which she/he may decide whether the whole article is worth reading. The present study attempted to investigate syntactic structures and rhetorical functions of RA titles written in English and Persian and published in journals in three disciplines of Electrical Engineering, Psychiatry, and Linguistics. To this end, 750 English and 750 Persian RAs were randomly selected from reputable English and Persian journals in these fields and syntactic structures of their titles were analyzed based on Dietz’s (1995) taxonomy. The results revealed that, despite some similarities, there were some cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary differences in title structures. The differences were found in title components and title length and style. Generally, English titles were shorter in length than Persian ones. Psychiatry titles were the longest, whereas Linguistics ones were the shortest. Although the majority of titles were single-unit ones, English authors used multiple-unit titles more than Persian ones. Multiple-unit titles were also employed the most in Linguistics RAs. No significant difference was found regarding combinations of multiple-unit titles in the two languages; however, topic-description combinations were the most frequent in Electrical Engineering and Linguistics titles, whereas topic-method ones were the most popular in Psychiatry titles. Moreover, the post-modified nominal group construction was the most frequent syntactic structure across single-unit titles. Such findings can contribute to the developments of English for Specific Purposes and provide some information about Persian and English RA titles structures in different disciplines.

Crystallographic aspects of hydrated salts of 4,6-diaminopyrimidine with the first five dicarboxylic acids

Abstract The preparation, X-ray single-crystal structure determination and vibrational spectroscopic characterisation of five novel salts, i.e. bis(4,6-diaminopyrimidinium(1+)) oxalate tetrahydrate; 4,6-diaminopyrimidinium(1+) hydrogen malonate monohydrate; bis(4,6-diaminopyrimidinium(1+)) succinate octahydrate; bis(4,6-diaminopyrimidinium(1+)) glutarate dihydrate and bis(4,6-diaminopyrimidinium (1+)) adipate octahydrate, are presented. It is the first crystallographic study with the title cation. All the structures are centrosymmetric. The oxalate, succinate and adipate anions are situated about inversion centres in their respective structures. The dependence on the parity of the number of carbon atoms in the anions is apparent in the interplanar angles of the carboxylate or carboxylic groups. In all of the structures, there are intermolecular N–H···N, N–H···Oacid, N–H···Owater, Owater–H···Oacid and Owater–H···Owater hydrogen-bonds of moderate strength. The most common graph set motif, R 2 2(8), describes the arrangement of the involved carboxylic as well as of the primary- and secondary-amine groups. There is a growing complexity of arrangement of water molecules in the structures with longer anionic molecules. In 4,6-diaminopyrimidinium(1+) hydrogen malonate monohydrate, there is an intramolecular Oacid–H···Oacid bond, and the conformation of the hydrogen malonate ions with non-parallel carboxylic and carboxylate groups is not often observed. The structural parameters of the carboxylic or carboxylate groups in the dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are compared with the title structures.

SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPLEXES AND STRUCTURAL CHARATERIZATION OF TWO DIMERIC TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINNE COMPLEXES OF MERCURY(II) IONS FROM DIMERIC COMPLEXES OF [4-METHYLBENZOYLMETHYLENETRI-P-TOLYLPHOSPHINE MERCURY(II) HALIDES

The organophousphorus complexes of [(PPh 3 ) 2 Hg 2 Cl 4 ] ( 4 ), [(PPh 3 ) 2 Hg 2 Br 4 ] ( 5 ) and [(PPh 3 ) 2 Hg 2 I 4 ] ( 6 ) were resulted from nucleophilic substitution of triphenylphosphine ligand with tri- p -tolylphophine complexes ( 1 - 3) . The crystal structures of two organophousphorus complexes of mercury(II) ions 4 and 6 have been determined by means of the X-ray diffraction. Both complexes were crystallized in the monoclinic space groups P2(1)/c , and have very similar bond lengths, angles pattern and same substituted triphenylphosphine ligand. Single crystal X-ray analysis of title structures reveal the presence of a centrosymmeteric dimeric structure containing the ligand and mercury halides.