To improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy, TiBw/TA15 composites with different columnar network densities were fabricated. It is shown that the wear resistance of the composite increased with the density increment of the columnar network, which could be attributed to both the refinement of matrix grains and the enhancement in hardness. To investigate the wear resistance enhancement mechanism of columnar network distributed TiBw, a novel approach is proposed for reconstructing the evolution of TiBw by observing the variation trend of TiBw from the undeformed matrix to the worn surface. This verified the load transfer mechanism of TiBw and revealed the cooperative variation of columnar network distributed TiBw to resist plastic deformation during the wear process.