Titanium Materials Research Articles

Lightweight Resources for automobiles manufacturing

Automakers are now motivated to create lightweight vehicles due to the increasing challenges of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving fuel economy. Better recyclability and/or vehicle performance may also result from the weight reduction. The expansion and use of lightweight, high-performance resources as substitutes for traditional motorized materials like steel and cast iron is one successful tactic. This paper discusses vehicle lightweighting as a means of promoting better fuel economy and assisting the automotive industry in achieving sustainability. Innovative resources suitable for the constructing of next generation vehicles were reviewed. Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, Titanium, polymers, and composite materials frequently utilized for lightweight construction applications were among the cutting-edge materials for the production lightweight vehicles. Categorization, manufacturing methods, physical/mechanical characteristics, and possible uses of lightweight ingredients are investigated. A summary of the reviewed materials' benefits and limitations is provided, along with the suitable application scenarios for various lightweight materials.

Osseointegration and Foreign Body Reaction of Dental Implants

The concept of titanium dental implant osseointegration is associated with mechanical stability and the formation of mineralized bone tissue at the organism-implant interface. However, a conceptual divergence exists explaining why only titanium implants have osseointegration. It is possible to explain the differences between the interaction mechanisms of cells and proteins with titanium, zirconia, stainless steel, or other material implants. Due to this lack of explanation, some researchers proposed that titanium implants have a foreign body reaction and zirconia implants have osseointegration. This work presents the differences between the organism’s responses to titanium and zirconia.

Study on damage performance of high strength casing by shaped charge jet assisted window sidetracking method

This paper explores the penetration of high-strength casings by metal jets to reduce the milling workload of windowing drill bits, thereby improving the efficiency and success rate of window sidetracking in high-strength thick-walled casings. The numerical simulation model of shaped charge penetration casing was established based on Autodyn software. The penetration effects of shape charge structure, charge liner material and charge quantity on casing were studied from the angles of casing damage degree, penetration volume, metal jet kinetic energy and mechanical specific energy (MSE). The results show that trumpet shaped liner has better reaming ability, has the largest effective damage area, the largest penetration volume, and the lower MSE, and the hole shape is more suitable for window sidetracking. The larger the charge diameter, the better the penetration effect on the casing. The charge combination of 70-1(charge diameter D=70 mm and charge length=1D) causes more effective damage in the hole edge of the casing, and has a larger penetration volume and the smallest MSE. When the material density of the top section is greater than that of the curve section, the jet head velocity is larger; otherwise, the jet head velocity is smaller. The penetration volume of the titanium-tungsten charge liner increased by 110.6% compared with titanium material charge liner, but the MSE increased by only 24.26%, indicating that combination material charge liners can significantly enhance the penetration effect of the metal jet on the casing. The titanium-tungsten charge liner has the largest penetration volume and good damage effect on the casing, with a low MSE, making it suitable for window sidetracking. In summary, under standoff distance of 1D and the 70-1 charge combination, the trumpet-shaped liner with titanium-tungsten material combination exhibits the best penetration performance on the casing. This study provides valuable insights into the application of metal jet-assisted window sidetracking techniques.

Design, Fabrication, and Performance Testing of PMMA Interference Screws Prepared by 3D Printing Methods

The Interference screws are one type of device that is often used in ACL reconstruction surgery. These devices are made of strong materials such as titanium or bioabsorbable materials. However, the use of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) as a material for the production of interference screws has not been widely explored. PMMA is commonly used in biomedical applications such as orthopedics and bone tissue engineering. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the structural integrity and performance characteristics of PMMA-based interference screws fabricated by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. The interference screw fabrication was carried out by adjusting the nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and print speed on the 3D printing machine to 240oC, 100oC, and 30 mm/s, respectively. The tests conducted in this study include torque, density, and fracture surface analysis. This study found that the density of the PMMA and commercial interference screws met the density requirements for cortical bone. However, the PMMA interference screw had a lower density than the commercial interference screw. The PMMA and commercial interference screws had densities (g/cm3) of 1.10 and 1.31, respectively. The mechanical properties of interference screws increase with increasing density. The PMMA interference screw achieved only 41% of the PFT (peak failure torque) exhibited by the commercial interference screw. In addition, the PMMA interference screw only meets the clamping criteria, while the commercial interference screw has met the good clamping criteria. The results of surface fracture analysis showed that the PMMA and commercial interference screws had ductile and brittle properties.

Dependency of Skyrmion Size in PMA Structure on Material of Interface Reducing Layer to Generate Skyrmion

Recently, magnetic skyrmions have been emerged as one of the promising candidates to use information carriers in high density and low power spintronic devices, which potentially be use in memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing due to their nanometer scale small size, non-volatile, and complete linearity [1-2]. Previous studies reported the observation of skyrmion sizes below 100 nm at room temperature [3-4]. However, so far, researches on the size of generated skyrmions depending on the different materials of interface reducing layer have not been discussed.In this study, therefore, we investigated the dependency of generated skyrmion size in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) structures on the material of interface reducing layer (tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti)) to generate skyrmion. In addition, We designed a novel PMA structure having an interface reducing layer inserted in between CoFeB free layer and MgO tunnel barrier to generate skyrmions. In particular, the dependencies of the PMA characteristics, including coercivity (Hc), perpendicular anisotropy (Hk), and saturation magnetization (Ms) on the materials (W, Pt, and Ti) and thickness of interface reducing layer were investigated by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Our proposed PMA structures exhibited that Hc was reduced to ~ 5 Oe at the specific thickness of interface reducing layer (W: 0.0804 nm, Pt: 0.1670 nm, Ti: 0.3602 nm), indicating that the skyrmions generated. In addition, it was confirmed that the material of the interface reducing layer strongly influences the size of skyrmions generated in a PMA structure, i.e., 0.0804-nm-thick tungsten generated the skyrmion diameter of 1.23 μm, 0.1670-nm-thick platinum generated the skyrmion diameter of 0.78 μm, and 0.3602-nm-thick titanium generated the skyrmion diameter of 0.84 μm, respectively. We present in detail how Hc, Hk, Ms, and generated skyrmion size were affected by the material of interface reducing layer. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program-Public-private joint investment semiconductor R&D program(K-CHIPS) to foster high-quality human resources) ("RS-2023-00235634", Development of high speed/low power/high reliability 2-terminal field-free SOT-MRAM) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea)( 1415187787) References [1] Nagaosa N. and Tokura Y., Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 899-911 (2013).[2] C Back, V Cros et al., J. phys. D. Appl. phys. 53, 363001 (2020).[3] Aranda A.R. et al. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 465, 471-479 (2018).[4] Mouad F. et al. Physics Letters A, 384(13), 126260 (2020). Figure 1

(Invited) Stabilization and Activation of Cuprous Oxide Photocathodes for Effective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Among representative examples of semiconducting materials for the selective reduction of carbon dioxide to desired small organic molecules (fuels, utility chemicals), there are transition metal oxides (p-type semiconductors), in particular Cu-based oxides, such as Cu2O, CuFeO2, CuBi2O4, CuNb2O6, CuO and Cu2O) that are capable of generating electrons with use of solar visible light. Selectivity of the catalytic systems largely depends on the activing adsorptive (CO2) phenomena and the affinity of catalytic centers to the adsorbed carbon monoxide intermediates leading to their protonation or hydrogenation. Here application of aqueous or water-containing electrolytes is generally preferred. Furthermore, a compromise must be reached between the activity of a catalyst toward hydrogen evolution (water splitting), its ability to promote reductive adsorption of CO2 and to generate moderate coverages of H atoms capable of stabilizing subsequent reduced intermediates.Our interest concentrates on copper(I) oxides but their practical use requires means of stabilization without poisoning or deactivation. To improve stability against photocorrosion, to assure the sufficient electron-hole pair separation, as well as to increase population of electrons in the conduction band, mixed oxide systems combining the p-type semiconductor (e.g. Cu2O) with n-type semiconductors such as TiO2, SrTiO3 or KTaO3 have been proposed. To meet requirements for practical Cu2O-based photocathodes, not only the ability to absorb efficiently visible light and to assure fast interfacial electron transfers but also the stability issues need to be addressed.Contrary to the poor performance of the pristine (bare) copper(I) oxide photocathode, the visible-light-illuminated photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has been successfully performed using the p-type Cu2O-semiconductor (deposited onto the transparent fluorine-doped conducting glass electrode) over-coated with the ultra-thin films of various polymer (poly(4-vinyl pyridine, oligoaniline) or polynuclear type materials (titanium, zirconium and tungsten oxides).. In this respect, ultra-thin films of functionalized carbon nanostructures, supramolecular complexes (with nitrogen containing ligands and certain transition metal sites) or robust bacterial biofilms could also be advantageous. For example, A biofilm formed by a strain of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is characterized by high physicochemical stability over a wide pH range (4-10) and temperatures (0-40°C).Also oligoaniline or tungsten oxide over-layers could be fabricated on copper(I) oxide surfaces. Under such conditions, the copper(I) oxide photoelectrode does not change the oxidation state during photoelectrochemical diagnostic experiments. Thus certain robust (not necessarily thin) over-layers could exhibit the effect of stabilization of Cu2O against photocorrosion. Among important issues is the ability of CO2 to undergo adsorption (and activation toward reduction to CO) at both bare and modified surfaces of Cu2O. The proposed bi-layered photocathode has been demonstrated to produce such simple organic fuels as alcohols. Introduction of co-catalytic centers, e.g. palladium in a form of supramolecular complexes could also be advantageous.

Stress distribution of customized abutment material and angles in dental implant systems: A finite element analysis

Aim: Dental implants and abutments are often made from titanium for its biocompatibility and excellent material properties. However, in patients with thin gingival biotypes, titanium abutment margins may be visible and aesthetically unpleasing. This study aims to use finite element analysis to evaluate stress distribution in implant components, restoration materials, and biological tissues for implants placed at different angles using various customized abutment materials. Methodology: 3D models of a three-member implant-supported fixed prosthesis were created using SolidWorks, with implants placed at positions 44 (4I) and 46 (6I). These models were imported into EXOCAD to design prosthetic restorations on custom abutments at three angles: straight (KD0), 10 degrees (KD10), and 20 degrees (KD20). Abutments were made from alumina (AL), titanium (TI), and zirconia (ZI). A 150N load was applied to the occlusal table at a 30° angle in the buccolingual direction. Stress distribution was measured as von Mises Stress values (vMS). Results: For implants, the lowest vMS value was observed in the KD0-AL group (4I: 9.984 MPa, 6I: 22.91 MPa), while the highest vMS value was found in the KD20-TI group (4I: 25.30 MPa, 6I: 42.03 MPa). Custom abutment and custom abutment screws (in general) showed higher vMS values in AL material and lower vMS values in TI material. In contrast, for cortical bone and restoration material, higher vMS values were observed in the TI material and lower vMS values in the AL material. Conclusion: Dental implants require effective stress distribution from occlusal loads to ensure long-term success. Excessive stress on the abutment and abutment screw can compromise the prosthetic outcome. Therefore, titanium (TI) abutments are preferred in the posterior region for their durability, despite being less aesthetically pleasing. Additionally, a higher implant angle reduces strength, negatively impacting the implant's performance.

Dental Implant Artifacts in MRI: Compatibility and Considerations

This review investigated dental implant artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their safety in clinical practice. Dental prostheses, including implants, crowns, and orthodontic appliances, cause artifacts due to their high magnetic susceptibility, particularly in materials like iron, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium. Titanium implants are considered safe under MRI environments according to the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standards, with no reported thermal injury or dislodgement during examinations. Despite limited artifacts from titanium's paramagnetic nature, minute ferromagnetic components can still affect visualization. Thus, reducing artifacts in oral and maxillofacial MRI scans is crucial. Two main categories of artifact reduction techniques are identified: improved porous titanium or alternative materials like zirconia and adjusting MR parameters with advanced sequences. Recommendations include increasing the readout bandwidth, reducing slice thickness, using spin-echo sequences instead of gradient-echo, and employing short tau inversion recovery or DIXON techniques for fat suppression. Additional methods like VAT, VAT-SEMAC combination, and MAVRIC show promise, although applicability may be restricted in specific MRI scanners. Continuous advancements in dental implant materials and MRI sequences are needed to improve imaging quality and reduce artifacts. Collaboration among dental practitioners, radiologists, and MRI technologists is essential for refining techniques and ensuring patient safety. Although overall dental implant artifacts pose challenges, safety in MRI is well-established. Ongoing developments hold significant potential to enhance MRI imaging quality in patients with dental devices

A Finite Element Analysis of Peri-implant Stresses Surrounding Zirconium and Titanium Dental Implants

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stresses tend to vary depending on the kind of implant material (titanium or zirconium) because of differences in their mechanical and physical characteristics. Objectives: The current research was done to assess the peri-implant stresses around zirconium and titanium dental implants using finite element analysis. Materials and Method: Three distinct implant configurations were used to create three-dimensional finite element models (M1, M2, and M3) using ANSYS (11.0 Version) software, a P4 CPU running at 3 GHz, and hardware with three gigabytes of RAM. These configurations are typical for zirconium and titanium implants. Under 250 N of axial force and 50 N of nonaxial load, the stress surrounding the implants was examined. Result: When compared to titanium implants, zirconium implants displayed higher strains in cancellous bone and lower stresses in cortical bone. Overall, titanium implants caused larger stresses in the bone than zirconium implants. Conclusion: Compared to titanium implants, zirconium implants resulted in reduced peri-implant stresses.

Application of Taguchi design to optimize the operational parameters of pyramid solar still integrated with TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract The global community is currently grappling with mounting concerns over the scarcity of fresh water, a situation that has emerged due to a complex interplay of various factors. One viable solution to address this issue is the use of renewable energy-powered water desalination. This study presents a thorough assessment of pyramid solar still (PSS) and its modified versions (MPSS) efficiency, which involves the integration of phase change material (PCM) and nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) in the solar still. The experiments were conducted simultaneously under identical conditions for both the PSS and the modified still. Assessment of the MPSS was conducted, taking into account various operating parameters, including solar intensity (300–900 W m−2), water depth (4–8 cm), water inlet temperature (30 °C–50 °C), and the nTiO2 concentration (0.5–1.5 wt%). In addition, the Taguchi method was used to pinpoint the factors influencing the efficiency of the solar stills, as well as their respective levels. The signal-to-noise ratio and mean response were employed to identify the ideal levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the ANOVA method was utilized to assess the important factors and their impact on the overall production. Additionally, the regression method was employed to examine the type and magnitude of the correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Finally, the estimated optimum production was compared to both the predicted productivity and the actual experimental productivity. An ideal condition was 900 W m−2 intensity of solar radiation, 4 cm depth of water, 50 °C of saline water temperature, and 1 wt% nTiO2 concentration.

The relationship between fixed dental prostheses, blood lead levels, and liver function: Mediating effects and gender differences

Metal alloys, pure titanium, metal-ceramics, and ceramic materials are used for fixed dental prostheses, which contained lead and potentially involved hepatotoxicity. To investigate the connection between fixed dental prostheses, blood lead levels, and liver function. A cross-sectional study enrolled 3624 American adults were conducted. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings were used to describe correlations between the number of fixed dental prostheses, blood lead levels, and four liver function markers. Mediation analysis suggested an intermediary association of blood lead levels between prosthesis count and liver function. Here, number of fixed dental prostheses was significantly positive correlated with blood lead levels (p < 0.0001), but specifically negative correlated with alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transferase levels in males. Moreover, mediation analysis confirmed a mediating role for blood lead levels in the association between the number of prostheses and alanine aminotransferase levels in males only, with a mediation effect rate of 74.27% (p = 0.0020). An increased count of fixed prostheses is associated with changes in liver function markers in a gender-dependent manner, with blood lead levels serving as a potential mediator in males.

Green synthesis of undoped and yttrium, bismuth co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Bryophyllum pinnatum for photocatalytic application

In this research, a non-toxic, inexpensive, and environment-friendly green synthesis route was investigated to synthesize undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles by using Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. Precursor material titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) was utilized for both undoped and co-doped TiO2 and Yttrium and Bismuth were added to 1, 2, and 3 percent as co-dopants. The obtained undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques, which include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–Visible spectroscopy for the evaluation of the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic activity. Anatase phase formation was observed from the XRD analysis for both undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The average particle size for undoped TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be 15.92 nm which raised to 21.70 nm for 3 % co-doping. UV–Vis Spectroscopy analysis revealed a reduction on band gap energy (Eg) for Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Methylene blue (MB) photodegradation demonstrates co-doping with Y, Bi significantly increases the photocatalytic activity. Overall, green synthesis using Bryophyllum pinnatum was found to be an economical method to fabricate TiO2 NPs that shows great improvement in photo-degradation characteristics.

Suppressing vacancies and crystal water of sodium manganese iron-based Prussian blue analogue by potassium doping for advanced sodium-ion batteries

Sodium manganese iron-based Prussian blue analogue (MnFe-PBAs) is regarded as potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its simple synthesis process, low production cost, and high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, electrochemical performances of MnFe-PBAs are inevitably hindered owing to the crystal vacancies and crystal water produced from aqueous co-precipitation process. Herein, highly crystallized cubic potassium-doped sodium manganese iron-based Prussian blue analogue is synthesized by a modified co-precipitation method. By introducing a larger ionic radius potassium (K) to substitute the part of Na in the MnFe-PBAs, a coexistence composite of sodium and potassium phases is obtained with less crystal water and fewer vacancies compared with pure sodium phase compound, resulting that potassium-doped sodium manganese iron-based Prussian blue analogue (Na1.08K0.74Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.86⋅□0.14⋅1·.86H2O, NaKMHCF) can deliver high discharge specific capacity (129.3 mAh/g at 10 mA g−1), excellent rate performance (82.3 mAh/g at 1500 mA g−1) as well as high cycling stability (77.0 % capacity retention at 500 mA g−1 after the 500th cycle). Besides, the full cell, based on NaKMHCF as cathode material and sodium titanium phosphate (NTP) as anode material, confirms its potential as high-performance cathode material for SIBs.

Lamb mode identification based on lightweight CNN

ABSTRACT In this study, a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to identify Lamb modes. The proposed approach consists of five convolutional and pooling layers, then a fully-connected layer and a sigmoid layer. In which, the first convolutional layer is a wide-scale kernel. Lamb wave responses based on froward modelling are obtained for different plate materials (aluminium, steel and titanium), different excitation frequencies (250 kHz, 500 kHz), and different excitation cycles (4-cycle, 5-cycle). 16800 Lamb wave samples labelled by ‘A0 mode’ and ‘S0 mode’ are beforehand and hosted in a database, then trained via the lightweight CNN. In validation process, the lightweight CNN reaches 100% accuracy. The performance of light-weight CNN is also compared with some popular networks. Now, the well-trained network can be used to identify Lamb mode. Some responses are stimulated by ABAQUS under different excitation signal, different propagating distance, different plate material, and the predicted results via the lightweight CNN are all right. In addition, the extensibility of the network is validated by identifying new-converted Lamb mode correctly.

Recyclability study for the next generation of cobalt-free lithium-ion battery systems with C-LNMO, Si/C- LRLO and TiNbO-LNMO active materials via hydrometallurgical route

The scarcity and uncertain supply of cobalt poses significant challenges for the lithium-ion battery industry. To address this issue, alternative chemistries excluding cobalt have been developed. Despite solving supply issues, these developments raise concerns about recyclability and their impact on current recycling trends.This study presents a recycling strategy and evaluates its performance for next-generation cobalt-free lithium-ion batteries. It focuses on three prototypes that use innovative cathode materials (titanium niobium oxide, carbon, and silicon/carbon) and electrolyte systems (ionic liquid and gelified). The proposed recycling process includes pyrolysis, mechanical separation, neutral and acid leaching, cementation, and neutralisation for selective metal separation.The results indicate that gelified electrolytes exhibit greater thermal stability than their liquid counterparts, indicating an effect on the degradation temperature and gas emissions, which are crucial for metal recovery. This study highlights the reduced toxicity of ionic liquid electrolytes and emphasises the need for strict pyrolysis gas handling due to hazardous emissions. High recovery rates (65–90 %) were achieved for nickel, manganese, lithium, and anode components.With potential for process optimisation to improve the quality of products, this study shows that cobalt-free battery systems can be integrated into existing recycling frameworks with adjustments, supporting progress towards sustainable battery practices.

Citric Acid-Based Solutions as Decontaminant Mouthwash in Titanium and Dental Prostheses Materials in Implantoplasty Processes

Citric Acid-Based Solutions as Decontaminant Mouthwash in Titanium and Dental Prostheses Materials in Implantoplasty Processes

Analysis and Experimental Study for Fatigue Performance of Wing-Fuselage Connection Structure for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

(1) Background: As the principal structural element of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a lightweight, high-performance wing-fuselage connection structure plays an important role in UAV structural integrity. Previous studies focused on the static strength characteristics of aluminum and high-strength steel wing-fuselage connection structures. With the widespread usage of titanium material in aviation, research should address the fatigue performance of titanium wing-fuselage connection structures. This paper aims to investigate the fatigue performance of the titanium wing-fuselage connection structure by using analysis and experimental methods, and to develop a reliable fatigue assessment method based on the experimental results. (2) Methods: General and detail finite element models were established, and the stress distribution at the detail fatigue design point was obtained via finite element analysis. Based on the equivalent life curve theory, a dimensionless value, detail fatigue value (DF), was proposed to characterize the fatigue performance for structure. By using detail fatigue value (DF) method, the theoretical fatigue performance value was calculated. The fatigue test of the wing-fuselage connection structure was conducted, and the fatigue life was determined according to the test results. (3) Results: For the wing joint with fatigue failure in the test, the test fatigue performance was close to the theoretical value. It can be concluded from the DF value that the analysis and test results are consistent, and the values obtained from the analysis are more conservative than test results. (4) Conclusions: The error between the test DF value and the theoretical analysis DF value is small, and the theoretical analysis of fatigue performance can represent the fatigue characteristics of the wing-fuselage connection structure. The detail fatigue value (DF) method can predict the fatigue performance of the structure quite well.

Study on photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial properties of conjugated microporous polymers/TiO2 composite membranes

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are widely used in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique conjugated structures and various synthesis methods. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers hollow spheres (CMPs-HS) superhydrophilic modified by acetylcysteine (CMPs-HS-S) and compounded with the inorganic semiconductor material titanium dioxide (CMPs-HS-S/TiO2) for efficient photocatalytic degradation. To facilitate recycling, the composite membrane material was prepared by combining the materials mentioned above with PVDF membrane. The composite membrane materials had good hydrophilic and photocatalytic properties. Under visible light, the degradation rate of tetracycline (TC) (10 mg/L 180 min) reached 90 %, and the bactericidal rates for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 89 % and 99.99 %, respectively. The efficient photocatalytic performance of the composite membranes could be attributed to the hollow sphere structure of CMPs and the role of TiO2 as a photogenic electron transfer platform. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of the membrane also helped to accelerate the occurrence of photocatalytic reactions. After electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection, h+, 1O2 and O2− were proved to be important reactive substances, which played a major role in degradation. These studies reflect the versatility of CMPs-based photocatalysts and provide a new idea for the future development of CMPs-based photocatalysts.

Human gingival fibroblast response on zirconia and titanium implant abutment: A systematic review.

The peri-implant region, where restoration interfaces with mucosal tissue, plays an essential role in overall implant success and is just as important as osseointegration. The implant abutment materials are in intimate contact with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study compares the proliferation of HGFs between zirconia and titanium abutments used in dental implants. An electronic search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. English articles based on in vitro studies testing HGFs proliferation on zirconia and titanium implant abutment materials were included. A quality assessment of the selected study was performed using the web-based Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) tool. The HGFs proliferation and cellular morphology tests on zirconia and titanium materials from the included studies were summarized, exploring the role of material surface characteristics. The electronic search yielded 401 studies, of which 17 were selected for inclusion. Zirconia exhibited comparable or superior efficacy in promoting the proliferation of HGFs compared to titanium. Observations on cellular morphology showed similar outcomes for both materials. Establishing a definitive relationship between contact angle, surface roughness, and their influence on cellular response remains challenging due to the varied methodological approaches in the reviewed studies. Based on the findings of this systematic review, zirconia shows comparable reliability to titanium as an abutment material for HGFs proliferation, with comparable or superior HGFs proliferative outcomes.

Investigating the Impact of Various Abutment Materials on Peri-Implant Tissue Health at Tripoli-Libya

This research investigates the impact of different abutment materials, including titanium, zirconia, and hybrid materials, on peri-implant tissue health in dental implantology. A prospective cohort study design was employed, involving 150 participants who received single or multiple dental implants from Banzi &amp; Bianco s.r.l. (B&amp;B) a dental implant company based in Italy. Clinical parameters, such as peri-implant probing depth, bleeding on probing, and radiographic analysis, were measured at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-abutment placement. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were conducted to identify significant associations between abutment materials and peri-implant tissue health parameters. The results revealed nuanced relationships among the abutment materials and their impact on peri-implant tissue health. Interestingly, the hybrid material group exhibited more favorable outcomes in maintaining optimal tissue health compared to the titanium and zirconia groups. This finding suggests that the choice of abutment material can significantly influence the long-term health of peri-implant tissues. This study contributes valuable insights for clinicians in selecting abutment materials for dental implant restorations, highlighting the importance of considering hybrid materials as a potential option for better clinical outcomes (p&lt; 0.001).