Tissues Of Albino Rats Research Articles

In Vitro Impedance of Biological Tissues in the Frequency Range 0.1 to 1.3 GHz

In vitro impedance of all important organ tissues of albino rats is presented to help understand the mode of electromagnetic energy absorption in biological systems. Measurements of transmission loss, the associated phase shift and loss tangent have been carried out in the frequency range 100 - 1300 MHz in a semi-infinite set up with a suitably designed coaxial cell. Values of equivalent capacitance and conductance of different in vitro biological tissues at 900 MHz are also presented. The results show that for all the organs the impedance decreases whereas its phase angle increases with increase of frequencies. For high water content tissues, loss tangent is found to be higher compared to low water content tissues, though the transmission loss remains almost constant.

Quantitation of cefazolin sodium in plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography

A sensitive and reproducible HPLC method for the determination of cefazolin sodium in plasma and tissues of albino rats was developed. The assay technique utilizes a simple methanol extraction of the antibiotic and sulfamethoxazole or succinyl sulfathiazole as the internal standard. The proteins in plasma or tissue homogenates were precipitated by the addition of concentrated solution of trichloroacetic acid. Separation of the drug was performed on a μBondapak C 18 column using a 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.85): acetonitrile (89:11) mobile phase and the eluent was monitored at 254 nm. The limits of detection were 0.1 μg/ml of plasma and 1 μg/g tissue, and the linearity ranges were 0.1–200 μg/ml of plasma and 1–40 μg/g tissue. An excellent linear correlation was observed between the peak height ratios and the cefazolin concentration ( r 2 = not less than 0.999). Minimum and maximum coefficient of variation were 2.54% and 3.12%, respectively, for the plasma and 2.17% to 3.51% and 0.82% to 3.06% for tissues at the concentration levels of 2 μg/ml (g) and 20 μg/ml (g), respectively. The method has been used to study cefazolin physiological pharmacokinetics in more than 80 rats and has been proven to be reproducible and sensitive.

Fatty acid composition and content of individual lipid fractions in adipose and muscle tissues of albino rats with alloxan diabetes

A study was made of the fatty acid composition and the content of triglycerides, phospholipids and nonesterified fatty acids (NFA) in adipose and muscle tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes. The concentration of NFA in alloxan diabetes was found to be considerably reduced in both adipose and muscle tissues. Meanwhile the content of NFA and phospholipids did not experience any substantial changes. The fatty acid composition of triglycerides of the tissues under study was characterized by considerable alterations under diabetes.

Effect of induced bilateral cryptorchidism on the carbohydrate metabolism of reproductive tissues in albino rats.

Bilateral cryptorchidism was induced surgically and its effect on carbohydrate metabolism of the reproductive tissue in albino rats analysed. In the reproductive tissues glycogenolysis was inhibited and lactic acid accumulated. The energy metabolism of the tissues was inhibited following the suppression of androgen-dependent enzymes activities. The importance of these modulations in the reproductive tissue carbohydrate metabolism on the male fertility was discussed.

Studies on the distribution of beta- and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane in rat tissues.

A study of the comparative distribution pattern of beta- and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in albino rat tissues as a function of duration of treatment at two dose levels revealed different accumulation patterns for the two isomers in tissues. In general, the accumulation pattern was found to be in the order: fat greater than kidney greater than lungs greater than liver greater than muscle greater than heart greater than spleen greater than brain greater than blood for beta-HCH and fat greater than brain greater than kidney greater than muscle greater than lungs greater than heart greater than spleen greater than liver greater than blood for gamma-HCH. The tissue accumulation of beta-isomer was always greater than that of gamma-isomer in any tissue except in brain. Brain beta-HCH residue levels were relatively lower than in many other tissues except blood, whereas brain gamma-HCH concentration was only next to fat. A higher dose or a longer period of treatment generally produced a more marked elevation of tissue residue levels in beta-HCH fed rats, but not in gamma-HCH treated animals.

Effect of cyclic AMP on hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in albino rat tissues

Effect of cyclic AMP on hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in albino rat tissues

Effect of daily parenteral injection of betamethasone on histamine concentration of gastric tissue in albino rats.

Gastric tissue histamine concentration was determined in albino rats following daily parenteral injection of betamethasone over a period of 12 days. The result shows a highly significant fall in gastric tissue histamine concentration in comparison with that in saline-treated albino rats over a similar period.

Biochemical and morphological changes in lung and liver tissues of albino rats with experimental paraquat poisoning

Biochemical and morphological changes in lung and liver tissues of albino rats with experimental paraquat poisoning

Effect of lithium chloride on the thyroid gland in albino rats

The character of morphological and functional changes in the thyroid tissue of albino rats was studied by radiometric, histological, and biochemical methods during administration of lithium chloride to the animals for three weeks in doses of 0.5 meq/kg (Group 1), and 1 meq/kg (Group 2) daily. The inhibitory action of lithium chloride on hormone production in the thyroid gland and on the secretion of thyroid hormones into the blood stream was shown to be directly dependent on the dose of the compound and the lithium concentration in the blood. The results of intravital radiometry and morphological analysis of the organs of the animals of group 1 showed some activation of the gland, but secretion of hormones into the blood stream was inhibited. An increase in the lithium concentration inhibited hormone production and the secretion of thyroid hormones into the blood stream.

Changes in histiocyte ultrastructure in loose connective tissue in dehydration and starvation

Changes in the parameters of the volumetric fractions of the principal cytoplasmic organelles of histiocytes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of albino rats were demonstrated during experimental dehydration and starvation. The common response of the histiocytes under these conditions was by hypertrophy of the lysosomal apparatus and infiltration of the cells with lipids. At the same time certain differences are stressed: During dehydration there is an increase in the volumetric fractions of the mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas during starvation the increase affects the fraction of phagosomes. On account of dehydration the volume of the fraction of pinocytotic vacuoles is sharply reduced.

Determination of beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium in animal tissues using electronically excited oxygen and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

A method using electronically excited oxygen for destruction of organic matter and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of beryllium, cadmium and tellurium in animal tissues is presented. Samples are solubilized in dilute aqua regia after being subjected to an oxygen plasma, low-temperature (less than 190 degrees C) ashing system for 20 to 30 hours. Recovery data from spiked NBS freeze-dried bovine liver indicate a quantitative determination for the three elements. Limits of detection in micrograms of element per milliliter of solubilized sample solution are: beryllium, 0.05; cadmium 0.05; and tellurium, 0.50. Beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium assay data are reported for the fresh tissues of albino rats exposed to inorganic chemicals by oral or intraperitoneal routes. The tissues analyzed include: adrenal, brain, femur, heart, kidney, liver, lung, mesenteric lymph node, pancreas, prostate, seminal vesicle, spleen, testicle, and tracheal-bronchial lymph node.

Contents of high-energy phosphorus compound in tissues of albino rats with thyrotoxicosis

Contents of high-energy phosphorus compound in tissues of albino rats with thyrotoxicosis

Effects of training and detraining on the distribution of cholesterol, triglyceride, and nitrogen in tissues of albino rats.

The effects of standardized exercise training and detraining on the content of cholesterol, triglyceride, and nitrogen in blood, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and epididymal fat of rats were studied. Forty-eight 90-day-old male rats were randomly assigned to four groups (two control groups, one trained group, and one trained and detrained group). Trained rats were subjected to 8 weeks of moderate running in motor-driven wheels; detraining was effected by discontinuing the running program for 8 weeks. Rats were provided a standard diet and water ad libitum. Trained rats displayed lower body weights and resting bradycardia. Training lowered ( P <0.01) serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and adipose triglyceride levels but had no effect on these lipids in heart or skeletal muscle. These lowered lipid levels persisted after 8 weeks of detraining even though body weight was regained rapidly. Total nitrogen content was higher ( P <0.01) in myocardial and triceps muscles of both trained and trained-detrained rats. Heart cholesterol and triglyceride levels were unchanged by detraining, but skeletal muscle cholesterol content was lowered. The results indicate that the changes in lipid content associated with training and detraining are tissue specific: reduction occurred in some tissues (serum and adipose tissue), although the lipid content of others (skeletal and heart muscle) was independent of training status, body weight, or circulating lipid levels.

Effect of ultrasound on the balance between oxidation and reduction in albino rat tissues

Effect of ultrasound on the balance between oxidation and reduction in albino rat tissues

Comparative studies of indophenyl acetate and iodide salts of acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine as esterase substrates

1. 1. Three substrates of cholinesterase (ChE, E.C. 3. 1. 1. 8) were used to determine the esterase activities from different tissues of albino rats. 2. 2. The results showed that indophenyl acetate (IPA), acetylthiocholine iodine (ASChI), and butyrylthiocholine iodide (BSChI) were hydrolysed selectively by esterases found in different tissues. 3. 3. The brain and muscle were found to be rich in esterases catalysing the hydrolysis of ASChI, whereas the liver, kidney, and testis were found to be rich in esterases catalysing the hydrolysis of IPA. 4. 4. This study suggests that esterases other than cholinesterases may be involved in the hydrolysis of IPA.

Distribution of carboxylesterase activities in different tissues of albino rats

1. 1. Esterase activities on indophenyl acetate were determined in extracts of livers, kidneys, brain, thigh muscles and testes of albino rats. 2. 2. Livers and kidneys had higher esterase activity than brain, muscles or testes. 3. 3. No significant loss of esterase activities was observed when the tissues were left untouched in the body 1–24 hr after decapitation. 4. 4. Analyses of tissues from the same liver on 5 successive days or at 1- to 60-day intervals were reproducible. 5. 5. The method was also used to demonstrate esterase activities in tissues of DDT-fed rats and progeny and in necropsy samples of human livers.

Content of catecholamines in the organs and tissues of albino rats during blood transfusion reactions

Content of catecholamines in the organs and tissues of albino rats during blood transfusion reactions

Adrenalin, noradrenalin, dopamine, and dopa in the blood and other tissues of albino rats following head injury

Adrenalin, noradrenalin, dopamine, and dopa in the blood and other tissues of albino rats following head injury

Fractionation of subcellular elements from rat central nervous tissue in a cesium chloride gradient: Biochemical and ultrastructural studies

Subcellular particles from central nervous tissue of albino rats were separated into 6 fractions in a cesium chloride density gradient. Ultrastructural studies indicated that three of the bands were composed almost exclusively of smooth membranes; one (Band 6) contained ribosomes; one (Band 5) contained a large number of dense-core particles 900–1200 Å. in diameter and Band 4 contained many multivesicular bodies. Following the injection of 3H-uridine into rats of different ages, the specific activity of each of the fractions was determined. Bands 5 and 6 had a higher specific activity than the other bands. The maximum activity was at 15 days postnatum. In the 40-day-old and the adult, the specific activity of Bands 5 and 6 was less than one-fifth that of the 15-day rat. The relation of the specific activity in each fraction to the ultrastructure of the nervous tissue at different stages of development is described and discussed.

Investigation of the oxygen tension in the brain tissues of albino rats after administration of radioprotective substances

Investigation of the oxygen tension in the brain tissues of albino rats after administration of radioprotective substances