Tissue Mn Research Articles

The effects of EDTA on plant growth and manganese (Mn) accumulation in Polygonum pubescens Blume cultured in unexplored soil, mining soil and tailing soil from the Pingle Mn mine, China

The effects of water-extractable Mn concentration, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factor (TF), and Mn uptake by Polygonum pubescens Blume cultured in the unexplored soil, mining soil and tailing soil from the Pingle Mn mine in China were quantified in a pot experiment to determine the effects of EDTA exposure on the success of phytoremediation. The results showed that EDTA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the water-extractable Mn concentration, and soils with different amounts of artificial disturbances had different responses to EDTA exposure. Low and medium EDTA concentrations might have positive effect on plant growth of P. pubescens cultured in the unexplored soil, as indicated by comparable increases in biomass, plant height and photosynthetic pigment content, but opposite results were found with high EDTA concentrations exposure. EDTA exposure had a negative effect on the growth of P. pubescens cultured in the mining soil and tailing soil. In general, the concentration of Mn in different tissues significantly (P < 0.05) increased as the EDTA concentration increased in each soil. The efficacy of Mn remediation by P. pubescens was enhanced in all three soils, with all EDTA treatments.

Association between selected essential trace element concentrations in umbilical cord and risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate: A case-control study

A deficiency or excess of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), or manganese (Mn) may interfere with fetal organogenesis. However, the impact of these essential trace elements on the occurrence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) remains to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the associations between the amounts of Zn, Se, Co, Mo, and Mn in umbilical cord tissue and risk for CL ± P. This case-control study included 200 controls without congenital malformations and 88 CL ± P cases. Zn, Se, Co, Mo, and Mn concentrations in the umbilical cord were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Information was collected on demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary intake. The median concentrations of Zn in cases of CL ± P and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), of Se in cases of CL ± P and cleft lip only (CLO), and of Co in cases of CLO were lower than in the controls. In utero exposure to higher levels of Zn was associated with reduced risk for CL ± P (OR = 0.44, 95% CI, 0.20–0.93) and for CLP (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.14–0.86), and a higher level of Se was associated with reduced risk for CL ± P and CLO, with ORs of 0.47 (95% CI, 0.23–0.95) and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.08–0.67), respectively. By contrast, higher levels of Mo in the umbilical cord were associated with 2.52-fold (95% CI, 1.23–5.20) and 2.59-fold (95% CI, 1.12–5.95) higher risk for CL ± P and CLP, respectively. No association was found between Co or Mn and risk for CL ± P. In conclusion, in utero exposure to higher levels of Zn and Se was associated with reduced risk for CL ± P, but higher levels of Mo were associated with increased risk for CL ± P.

Study of the Copper, Chromium, Manganese and Zinc Contents in the Species &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Azorella spinosa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Apiaceae), Collected in the Maule Region, Chile

The increase in prevalence of environmental pollution, especially soil contamination with toxic metals has led to their uptake in the human food chains through plant parts. Accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through comsuption of herbal medicine can cause hazardous impacts on health. Therefore, chemical profiling of four heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) was undertaken in samples of Azorella spinosa from coast and mountain of Maule Region in Chile. The Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn concentrations were determined in plants of the species Azorella spinosa and their soils of origin. For each plant, the metal contents in the stalk, leaves and soil were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The methodology was validated using certified reference material: BIMEP-432 for the plant samples and MESS-1 for the soil samples. The concentration ranges found in the plant tissue were: Cu: 1.2 - 62.5; Cr: 0.2 - 3.2; Mn: 188.6 - 1345.1 and Zn: 7.5 - 55.9 mg·kg-1 (dry weight). For the soil samples, the ranges were: Cu: 6.4 - 81.5; Cr: 4.6 - 50.4; Mn: 335.6 - 1936.1 and Zn: 15.6 - 65.9 mg·kg-1 (dry weight). The results were evaluated statistically (two-way ANOVA) to correlate the Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn concentrations in Azorella spinosa plant tissues with those in the soil samples from the corresponding sampling areas.

Impact of feeding male rats F2 with different doses of germanium citrate on the content of traceelements in their tissues and organs

Aim. To determine the impact of the dose of germanium citrate on the distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in tissues and organs of male F 2 rats. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, clinical, statistical. Results. It was established that there were changes in the content of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in soft tissues and their distribution in liver, kidneys and lungs of male F 2 rats. It was demonstrated that these changes were mostly conditioned by organ-tissue specifi cities of functioning of some physiological systems of the organism, and less condition- ed – by the dose of germanium (10, 20 and 200 μg/kg of bodyweight). More vividly expressed changes in the content of these elements were established for kidneys at the effect of all the applied doses, and less express- ed – for liver and lungs. A positive impact of germanium citrate on the content of Cu, Co, Mn and Zn in the muscle tissues was determined at the effect of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge, and as for Fe – 20 and 200 μg. The differences in the weight of liver, kidneys and lungs of rats of experimental and control groups were determined which eliminated the intergroup differences in the absolute content of the investigated microelements in liver, kidneys and lungs. The mentioned differences were more expressed for the absolute content of Cu in liver, Mn – in kidneys and lungs. Conclusions. Long-term introduction of germanium citrate into the organism of rats of generation F 2 with water in the amount of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight is characterized by the changes in the content of Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn both per one unit of soft tissue weight and their absolute content in the internal organs. The biological effect of germanium citrate is more expressed in the dose of 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight, which conditions the increase in the content of Cu and Zn in all the investigated tissues of rats of this group at the background of the decreased level of Co in liver at the effect of 20 and 200 μg Ge, and at the effect of all the administered doses in kidneys and lungs. The level of Mn increased reliably in the muscle tissues of male F 2 rats at the effect of all the administered doses of Ge, Co 20 and 200 μg, Fe 10 and 20 μg, and Zn 10 and 200 μg Ge, which testifi es to the differences in the regulatory impact of NGeC on the level of investigated microelements in the muscle tissues of rats.

Novel Fertilizer as an Alternative for Supplying Manganese and Boron to Soybeans

ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max) commonly experience Mn deficiencies in the coarse-textured soils of Coastal Plain Virginia, especially under high pH conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel coated fertilizer to provide Mn and B to soybeans in soils where Mn deficiency is common and B deficiency, although far less common than with Mn, is possible. A 60-d greenhouse experiment was conducted with three treatments: control, uncoated KCl, and Mn +B coated KCl applied to Bojac and Dragston sandy loams. Soil and whole plant tissue samples were collected throughout the experiment. Bojac and Dragston soils treated with the coated KCl contained 12.0 mg kg−1 and 15.8 mg kg−1 more Mehlich 1 – Mn, 21.7 mg kg−1 and 23.0 mg kg−1 more Mehlich 3 Mn, and 4.5 mg kg−1 and 4.6 mg kg−1 CaCl2 – Mn than the control and uncoated KCl, respectively. Coated KCl increased above ground tissue Mn by 42.9 mg kg−1 compared to the control and the uncoated KCl treatments in the Bojac soil, while the Dragston soil showed no significant differences in Mn tissue concentration between treatments. Above ground tissue, Mn was much lower in the Dragston soil than the Bojac, probably due to greater organic matter which chelates Mn keeping it less plant available. Boron concentrations did not differ in plant tissue or soil, regardless of the extraction method. Results indicate that the coated KCl product could consistently provide increased Mn concentration in acidic sandy soils despite varying levels of organic matter, but is not effective for B.

Effect of Bacillus cereus on the ecotoxicity of metal-based fungicide spiked soils: Earthworm bioassay.

Soil microorganisms exhibit varying levels of metal tolerance across a diverse range of environmental conditions. The use of metal-based fungicides such as mancozeb and copper oxychloride could potentially result in increased levels of manganese, zinc and copper which may adversely affect soil mesofauna. Under standardized earthworm bioassay conditions (temperature, pH, soil type and water content), we investigated the effect of Bacillus cereus on mancozeb and copper oxychloride ecotoxicity towards Eisenia andrei. A metal-tolerant Bacillus cereus strain previously isolated from a gold mining site was introduced into fungicide spiked soils. Earthworms were exposed to bacterial inoculated and non-inoculated substrates of mancozeb (8, 44, 800 and 1250 mg kg-1) and copper oxychloride (200, 450, 675 and 1000 mg kg-1). Experimental trials assessed avoidance-behavior, growth and reproduction utilizing standardized protocols (ISO and OECD). In the avoidance-behavior, E. andrei showed significant (p< 0.05) preference for inoculated substrates. Further, significant (p< 0.05) increases in biomass, survival, cocoons, juveniles and lower soil and tissue Mn, Cu and Zn contents were recorded at 8 and 44 mg kg-1 mancozeb and copper oxychloride 200 and 450 mg kg-1 inoculated soils compared to non-inoculated. However, at 800 and 1250 mg kg-1 mancozeb and 675 and 1000 mg kg-1 copper oxychloride concentrations, reproductive success in both inoculated and non-inoculated treatments was negatively (p< 0.05) affected. In conclusion, Bacillus cereus decreased the ecotoxicity of metal-based fungicides towards Eisenia andrei at 8 and 44 mg kg-1 mancozeb and 200 and 450 mg kg-1 copper oxychloride concentrations. The outcome observed with the inoculated substrates at elevated fungicides concentrations maybe as a result of the environmental conditions (pH and temperature).

Poultry Litter Band Placement in No‐Till Cotton Affects Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Conservation

Core Ideas Applying poultry litter in bands below the soil surface leads to greater conservation of most litter‐derived nutrients. Fertilizing cotton with poultry litter, despite supplying additional Mn, leads to reduced extractable soil Mn and tissue Mn levels. A yearly application of 6.1 Mg ha‐1 poultry litter for three consecutive years failed to increase soil total C and N. The effect of subsurface poultry litter band placement relative to the plant row on long‐term nutrient conservation has not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether poultry litter band placement affects the accumulation and conservation of selected soil nutrients in a no‐till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping system. The treatments consisted of an average of 6.1 Mg ha‐1 litter applied in 1.02‐m‐spaced subsurface bands (wide, SSw), 0.30‐m‐spaced subsurface bands (narrow, SSn), or 0.30‐m‐spaced surface bands (narrow, SFn); an unfertilized control (UTC); and a soil test‐based synthetic fertilizer treatment (Std). The results showed, relative to the Std, poultry litter, regardless of the placement, resulted in accumulation of extractable soil P, K, Mg, and Zn but not total C or N. A key finding in this study is that litter, despite supplying a 3‐yr total of 10.2 kg ha‐1 Mn, reduced extractable soil Mn by an average of 20% and cotton tissue Mn by as much as 40% relative to the Std treatment. The accumulation of extractable soil P and K and to some extent Mg and Zn was greater when litter was applied by subsurface rather than surface banding. The difference between the SSw and SSn treatments in extractable nutrient conservation was not consistent. Overall, this study showed applying poultry litter in subsurface bands rather than surface bands leads to greater conservation of nutrients. Regardless of the band placement, poultry litter reduced tissue and extractable soil Mn which may be beneficial to cotton production in soils with marginally low pH.

Heavy metal bioconcentration factors in the burrowing crab Neohelice granulata of a temperate ecosystem in South America: Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina.

An extensive population of the burrowing crab, Neohelice granulata, inhabits the intertidal areas of the Bahía Blanca estuary, a moderately polluted temperate ecosystem located to the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In order to determine the metal-accumulating ability of this species, concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Fe in soft tissues of adult specimens were measured. Subsequently, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of all heavy metals were determined using levels of concentrations previously obtained in intertidal sediments. The results showed concentrations above the detection limit in soft tissues of male and female crabs for all metals except Pb and Cr. BCF > 1 were obtained for Cd, Cu, and Zn, indicating that these metals are accumulated and biomagnified. However, BCF values < 1 were found for the rest of the metals (Mn, Ni, and Fe). The findings of metal accumulation in soft tissues of N. granulata is of great importance taking into account that this is a key species within this temperate ecosystem, playing a major role in the transference of pollutants to higher trophic levels.

Copper accumulation and toxicity in earthworms exposed to CuO nanomaterials: Effects of particle coating and soil ageing

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may be functionalised with a surface coating to enhance their properties, but the ecotoxicity of the coatings and how hazard changes with ageing in soil is poorly understood. This study determined the toxic effect of CuO ENMs with different chemical coatings on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in fresh soil, and then after one year in aged soil. In both experiments, earthworms were exposed for 14 days to the CuO materials at nominal concentrations of 200 and 1000 mg Cu kg−1 dry weight and compared to CuSO4. In the fresh soil experiment, CuO-COOH was found to be the most acutely toxic of the nanomaterials (survival, 20 ± 50%), with tenfold increase of total Cu in the earthworms compared to controls. Sodium pump activity was reduced in most CuO ENM treatments, although not in the CuSO4 control. There was no evidence of glutathione depletion or the induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in any treatment. Histology showed a mild hypoplasia of mucous cells in the epidermis with some nanomaterials. In the aged soil, the CuO-NH4+ was the most acutely toxic ENM (survival 45 ± 3%) and Cu accumulation was lower in the earthworms than in the fresh soil study. Depletion of tissue Mn and Zn concentrations were seen in earthworms in aged soil, while no significant effects on sodium pump or total glutathione were observed. Overall, the study showed some coating-dependent differences in ENM toxicity to earthworms which also changed after a year of ageing the soil.

Mercury and other trace metals in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown with two low-salinity shrimp effluents: Accumulation and human health risk assessment

Shrimp farming effluents from two sources of low-salinity water, well water (WW) and diluted seawater (DSW) (salinity, 1.7 g L−1; electrical conductivity, 2.7 dS m−1), were used to grow lettuce (L. sativa) in order to assimilate the nutrients present in shrimp effluents and produce edible biomass. The two treatments, WW and DSW, were tested in triplicate. Additionally, one hydroponic system in triplicate was constructed to grow lettuce using a nutritive solution as the control treatment (HS). The production variables of lettuce in the two crop varieties (Parris Island (VPI) and Tropicana M1 (VTM1)) showed a general trend of DSW > HS > WW with regards to the size, weight and total foliage, except for the number of leaves, which was higher with HS treatment than with WW and DSW treatments. The accumulation of Cu, Hg, Mn and Zn in edible lettuce tissue and the health risk by the intake of lettuce were evaluated. Heavy metal concentrations in edible lettuce tissue for the three treatments showed the same trend of Mn > Zn > Cu > Hg, with concentration ranges of 47.1 to 188.7, 35.7 to 66.2, 4.1 to 6.4, and 0.01 to 0.02 mg kg−1 (dry weight), respectively. Such concentrations did not exceed the safe limits (CAC, 1984). The health risk index and target hazard quotient were <1, which indicates that the population exposed to these metals due to intake from lettuce consumption is unlikely to have adverse health effects when shrimp farming effluents are used to grow lettuce plants.

The effect of different dietary zinc sources on mineral deposition and antioxidant indices in rabbit tissues

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dietary zinc from inorganic and organic sources on the concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in plasma, tissues and faeces of rabbits. Simultaneously, the activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), specific Cu/Zn SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in liver and kidney were also determined. Ninety-six 49-day-old broiler rabbits were allocated to 4 dietary treatments, each replicated 6 times with 4 animals per replicate. For the subsequent 6 wk, the rabbits were fed an identical basal diet (BD) supplemented with an equivalent dose of Zn (100 mg/kg) from different sources. Group 1 (control) received the unsupplemented BD, while the BD for groups 2, 3 and 4 was supplemented with Zn from Zn sulphate, Zn chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn-Gly) and Zn chelate of protein hydrolysate (Zn-Pro), respectively. The intake of dietary Zn sulphate resulted in an increase in Zn plasma concentration (1.85 vs. 1.48 mg/L; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) compared to the control group. Feeding the diets enriched with Zn increased the deposition of Zn in the liver (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05), irrespective of the Zn source. The addition of Zn-Pro resulted in significantly higher Cu uptake in liver (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) than in the control and Zn sulphate group (56.0 vs. 35.0 and 36.7 mg/kg dry matter (DM), respectively). Neither Mn nor Fe concentration in plasma and tissues were affected by dietary Zn supplementation, with the exception of Fe deposition in muscle, which was significantly decreased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) in rabbits supplemented with inorganic Zn sulphate compared to control and Zn-Gly group (9.8 vs. 13.3 and 12.2 mg/kg DM, respectively). Intake of organic Zn-Gly significantly increased the activities of total SOD (43.9 vs. 35.9 U/mg protein; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) and Cu/Zn SOD (31.1 vs. 23.8 U/mg protein; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.01) as well as TAC (37.8 vs. 31.2 μmol/g protein; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) in the kidney when compared to that of the control group. The presented results did not indicate any differences between dietary Zn sources in Zn deposition and measured antioxidant indices in rabbit tissues. Higher dietary Zn intake did not cause any interactions with respect to Mn, Cu and Fe deposition in liver and kidney tissues, but did increase the faecal mineral concentrations. Dietary organic Zn-Gly improved the antioxidant status in rabbit kidney.&lt;/p&gt;

Determination of metal elements concentrations in human brain tissues using PIXE and EDX methods

Post-mortem brain tissues substantia nigra pars compacta were investigated using PIXE and EDX methods for the presence of iron and other metal elements. Four different brain samples were irradiated with 3 MeV proton beam to collect X-ray spectra from which distribution of Fe, Mn, Cr and Zn in brain tissues were determined using GUPIXWIN software. The concentration of iron in the brain tissues varied from about 50 ng/cm2 to ~ 4 μg/cm2. The EDX method showed only a qualitative presence of Fe, Zn, Al and Si in investigated samples.

Synergism and antagonisms between nutrients induced by copper toxicity in grapevine rootstocks: Monocropping vs. intercropping

The long-term use of Cu-containing fungicides contaminates vineyards soils, which can induce Cu toxicity and nutrient imbalances in several plant species. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Cu toxicity on two grapevine rootstocks, Fercal and 196.17, and to elucidate if intercropping with oat can alleviate grapevine Cu toxicity. Plants were hydroponically-cultivated and treated with different Cu concentrations. At harvest the biomass accumulation, the SPAD index and the symplastic and apoplastic root and leaves ionome were measured to evaluate possible synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on other micro- and macronutrients. The root exudation analysis was correlated with genes expression (VvPEZ-like), whereas PCA analysis performed on the grapevine and oat ionome revealed that both mono- and intercropped 196.17 rootstock display a positive effect on Zn and Mn in the root tissues at high Cu concentrations. An increase of Zn and Mn in roots was also reported for the intercropped Fercal rootstock at high Cu concentrations while an antagonistic relation was reported for root Zn concentration in the monocropped Fercal rootstock. Our results showed that grapevine and oat compete for nutrient uptake and that this phenomenon can possibly alleviate grapevine Cu toxicity. However, Fercal rootstock is able to take advantage from oat, while 196.17 is disadvantaged by the intercropping system. Even though intercropping system seems to be a valuable tool to counteract grapevine Cu toxicity, the application of this agricultural practice has shown to be species dependent and should be evaluated for each rootstock.

Marine pollution by some heavy metals and physiological response of Ruditapes decussatus

Bivalves can accumulate toxicants such as heavy metals in their tissues, for this reason, they are considered as good bio-indicators for water quality. The risk is increased due to eating these clams raw or lightly cooked. This study aims to determine the concentration of some selected metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, and Pb) in the soft tissue of Ruditapes decussatus collected in the summer of 2017, from three locations at Alexandrian coasts, Egypt, Abo Quir, (loc.#1), Sedi Beshr (loc.#2) and (loc.#3), El-Max) and to find out whether pollution alters the clam physiological functions or not. The present data showed that the highest mean value of salinity was reported in water samples collected from Abo Quir (loc.#1) and the highest level of dissolved oxygen was reported in water samples collected from Sedi Beshr (loc.#2). The present results showed that the studied heavy metals concentrations are highly significant in samples of water and soft tissue of Ruditapes decussatus collocated from Abo Quir bay. From the above-cited results, it is concluded that loc.#1(Abo Quir bay) represents the most polluted site in the present study. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase of MDA and a significant decrease of SOD and GPx in the soft tissue of Ruditapes decussatus collected from Abo-Quir Bay (loc.#1). There was a highly significant difference between the concentration of MDA, SOD, and GPx in the tissue of clams collected from the three locations (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient of heavy metals in tissue, heavy metals in water, and oxidative stress biomarkers showed that the concentration of MDA in the tissue of calm collected from Abo Quir Bay (loc.#1), Sedi Beshr (loc.#2), and El-Max (loc.# 3) were positively correlated with the mean activity level of SOD and the concentration of SOD in the clam's tissue collected from Abo Quir Bay (loc.#1) and Sedi Beshr (loc.#2) were negatively correlated with the activity level of GPx. The present work also showed that the correlations between different heavy metals in the tissues of R. decussatus collected from three locations indicated that different rates and mechanisms of metal accumulation were taking place.

Heavy Metal Concentration in Largehead Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus Linneaus, 1758) and Savalai Hairtail (Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829)) Obtained from Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan.

In this study, muscle samples gathered from Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus Linneaus, 1758) and Savali hairtail [Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829)] from the Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan were analyzed to determine heavy metal concentrations (iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], manganese [Mn], lead [Pb] and cadmium [Cd]) between January and December 2016. All samples were analyzed using the AAnalyst 700 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. It was observed that the average measured level of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd in muscle were 77.72 ± 47.84µg/g, 20.34 ± 8.49µg/g, 2.23 ± 1.16µg/g, 0.57 ± 0.36µg/g, 0.20 ± 0.16µg/g and 0.42 ± 0.19µg/g for T. lepturus, respectively. Besides, the average level of the same metal concentrations in muscle for L. savala were 85.11 ± 57.64µg/g, 16.63 ± 9.25µg/g, 2.53 ± 1.90µg/g, 0.47 ± 0.27µg/g, 0.23 ± 0.18µg/g and 0.47 ± 0.20µg/g, respectively. The correlation between size groups and metal accumulation in muscle tissues were investigated for both fish. In terms of public risk assessment, the provisional tolerable weekly intake's of various heavy metals were compared with the consumption of both fish. As a result of the analysis, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd accumulations in muscle tissues of T. lepturus and L. savala collected from Karachi Fish Harbour Pakistan did not exceed limit values.

Environmental Factors Determining the Accumulation of Metals: Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in Tissues of Taraxacum sp. sect. Taraxacum

The genus Taraxacum is used in the assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals. There are relatively few studies using sections or species representing this genus. The presented research was conducted in Poland on two habitats, varied in terms of nutrients and metals content. The content of selected metals in leaves and roots of Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum was determined. It was found that in the conditions of increased content of metals in the soil, the analysed species representing sect. Taraxacum accumulate higher amounts of metals in their leaves and roots. Factors of translocation of selected metals from roots to leaves of Taraxacum species, representing the Taraxacum section, are affected by i.a. soil reaction and the content of Corg, Ntot. in the soil. No influence of soil properties on metal biological concentration factor was observed.

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Black Sea: Evaluating Mussels

The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Mediterranean mussel) picked up from the Black Sea coasts of Turkey have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) with a view to biomonitoring metal contamination in 2015. In this work, a statistically significant difference in the amounts of all studied heavy metals analyzed was noticed amidst sampling areas namely Igneada, Sinop, Samsun and Trabzon so that appraise welfare threat for mussel consumers, utilization M. galloprovincialis as biomonitors. The outcomes of this study were contrasted with the outlines stated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC) for the harmless consumption restrictions of Bivalves as seafood. Moreover, former works with mussels in the Black Sea countries were reviewed and a summary of heavy metal amounts in mussels from whole the Black Sea waters were presented. In general these available measurements clearly indicated a low level heavy metal in M. galloprovincialis in coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study the concentrations (mg metal kg-1 wet wt.) of metals ranged from 18-35 for Fe, 8-27 for Zn, 2.8-4.5 for Mn, 0.5-1.8 for Cu, 0.06-0.31 for Pb, 0.04-0.10 for Cd and 0.03-0.07 for Hg. Considering human health with respect to the investigated heavy metals, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) did not exceed the permissible intakes. No chronic systemic risk was found since total hazard index (0.521) were quite below critical value 1, and the carcinogenic risk for heavy metals did not exceed the tolerable values. Although there was no health risk to consumed mussels from the Black Sea riparian countries, the amount of mussels consumed is mainly unknown in countries; thus, consumption of about 1 serving of mussels from clean coastal waters per week is enough.

Metals in bivalve mollusks from the Jaco Scar seep, Pacific, Costa Rica

Abstract: Deep sea-research has made significant discoveries thanks to the availability of high resolution bathymetric mapping and vehicles able to reach hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The Pacific continental margin of Costa Rica includes cold seeps that are inhabited by vesicomyid clams, which are expected to accumulate metals. Data on metals from cold seep clams are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study is to present the concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Sb and Zn in samples from seven clams, a mussel, sediment, and a rock, together with clam morphometric data. The bivalves (Archivesica sp.?) were collected in 2005 at a depth of 1 888 m on the Jaco Scar (09o06’ N - 84o50’ W) during DSRV Alvin dive 4 129. Metals were analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and Graphite Furnace (GFAAS). Concentrations are in µg/g dry weight. The order of decreasing maximm concentrations and range in tissues of seven clams, were: Zn (43.4 - 266.3) &gt; Fe (27.2 - 100.0) &gt; Al (5.0 - 69.9) &gt; Cd (0.1 - 12.2) &gt; Sn (2.8 - 9.5) &gt; Cu (4.0 - 7.3) &gt; Mn (1.1 - 2.2) &gt; Pb (0.2 - 0.8) &gt; Ni (0.19 - 0.58 ). The gills had the maximum concentrations of Fe and Al. Maximum concentrations in the only mussel specimen collected, were: Zn (80.4 - gills), Fe (70.6 - gills), Cu (31.0 - gills), Al (26.6 - gills), Sn (4.8 - mantle), Mn (1.7 - mantle), Ni (0.97 - muscle), Pb (0.7 - muscle), Cd (0.57 - gills). The sediment sample had: Al (40 800), Fe (26 500), Mn (72.0), Zn (64.7), Cu (29.4), Ni (19.3), Sn (15.5), Pb (2.98), Cd (0.16). A rock fragment had: Fe (15 650), Al (9 240), Mn (170), Sn (99.5), Zn (36.5), Ni (20.4), Cu (13.4), Pb (1.6), Cd (traces). Clam gills concentrated metals such as Fe and Al. Fe was below the range reported for hydrothermal vent clams, while concentrations of other metals were near the lower range. Fe, Cd, Mn, and Pb in mussel tissues were lower than those in mussels from hydrothermal vent sites, while Cu and Zn were within the range. Metals in the sediment and rock samples appeared very rich in certain metals like Al and Fe and very poor in others, such as Cd. There is a paucity of information on metals and pollutants in clams and other macrofaunal species from Costa Rican cold seeps. Data presented herein must be complemented with future studies conducted jointly on the geochemistry, biology, and management of these deep-sea systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S269-S279. Epub 2018 April 01.

Biomonitoring of metal(oid)s in mining-affected Borcka Dam Lake coupled with public health outcomes

ABSTRACTDue to increased anthropogenic activities, the aquatic environment is exposed to pollutants much more than ever. These pollutants go into the food chain and can pose a health risk to human. Correlatively, Borcka Dam Lake, Turkey has been affected by mining activities since decades. In the present study, therefore, Cu, Pb, As, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, and Se concentrations in water, sediment, and different tissues (muscle, gill, liver) of 11 fish species sampled from the lake were analyzed regarding metal(oid)s pollution and potential human health risk through fish consumption. The metal(oid) concentrations in the water were below the limit values recommended by USEPA for aquatic life criteria but sediments were heavily polluted by As, Cu, Pb, and Zn based on Sediment Quality Guideline. The lowest metal(oid) values among tissues for all fish species were determined in muscle (p < 0.05) which was lower than the limits for human consumption declared by European Union Regulation. Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index used non-cancer risk estimate which was lower than 1. In the view of these results, the consumption of fish caught from the Borcka Dam Lake may not pose a potential risk to human.

Analysis of gene expression profiles for metal tolerance protein in rice seedlings exposed to both the toxic hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium

The mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in plants have been characterized extensively and metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) are one group of specific transporters involved in sequestration of heavy metal ions. This study focused on transcriptome analysis of osMTP genes in rice seedlings exposed to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), or trivalent Cr(III) using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Distribution of Cr and other mineral elements (Fe, Cu and Mn) in rice seedlings tissues was also determined. Results showed that exposures to both valents of Cr caused significantly more accumulation of Cr in roots rather than shoots, while accumulation and distribution of Fe, Zn and Mn in rice tissues was variable between two Cr treatments. PCR analysis displayed that heterologous expression patterns of individual isogenes from the osMTP gene family were observed in plant tissues as well as in Cr variants. Homologues, LOC_Os02g53490.1 (osMTP8)/LOC_Os03g12530.1 (osMTP8.1) and LOC_Os01g62070.1 (osMTP11)/LOC_Os05g38670.1 (osMT11.1), were also expressed differently under treatments with both forms of Cr. Data analysis indicated that distribution of mineral elements in rice tissues did not agree with changes of expression patterns of these corresponding osMTP genes. These results suggest that inconsistent expression of osMTP genes in rice tissues is largely due to Cr accumulation; at nutrient levels, the role of OsMTPs in storage and transport of mineral elements in plant materials is still open to discussion.