Tissue Healing Process Research Articles

Editorial for Special Issue on Biomaterials and Cell Strategies for Regenerative Dentistry

Tissue Engineering Part C: MethodsVol. 29, No. 5 EditorialFree AccessEditorial for Special Issue on Biomaterials and Cell Strategies for Regenerative DentistryWei Ji, Yinghong Zhou, and John A. JansenWei JiAddress correspondence to: Prof. Wei Ji, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, No.237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Wuhan Hubei Province 430079, China E-mail Address: wei.ji@whu.edu.cnDepartment of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.Search for more papers by this author, Yinghong ZhouDr. Yinghong Zhou, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry Research Office 6405, Oral Health Centre, 288 Herston Road, Herston Brisbane Queensland 4006, Australia E-mail Address: yinghong.zhou@uq.edu.auSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Search for more papers by this author, and John A. JansenDepartment of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:16 May 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2023.29037.editorialAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Oral and maxillofacial defects caused by trauma and tumorectomy possess high morbidity but poor prognosis.1,2 Hence, the reconstruction, regeneration, and rehabilitation of the oral and maxillofacial structures including teeth, alveolar bone, and the surrounding soft tissues are of significant and ongoing clinical interest and relevance. Although autogenous hard/soft tissue grafts still remain the gold standard for critical-size defects, this approach is often restricted by the quantity of tissue at the donor site and grafting complications.3 Therefore, regenerative dentistry is an emerging field of regenerative medicine that integrates stem cell technology, biomedical engineering, and biomaterial science to restore the structure and function of dental and oral tissues.In the concept of regenerative dentistry, biomaterial strategy has become one of the most essential components, particularly in bone regeneration. Successful biomaterial-driven bone regeneration requires an understanding of the composition and structure of native bone tissue, as well as appropriate selection of biomimetic natural or tunable synthetic materials (biomaterials), such as polymers, bioceramics, metals, and composites.4 Among variable biomaterial options, bioactive glasses and calcium phosphates are of particular interest to dental applications owing to their clinically friendly handling properties, known osteoconductivity and versality of combining with growth factors or trace elements that can further promote bone defect repair.5,6In addition to biomaterial strategy, (stem) cell-based strategy offers significant benefits for achieving physical and functional restoration of dental and oral tissues, particularly in compromised conditions.7 It is envisioned that stem/progenitor cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are the key factors in steering bone formation and integration, subsequently leading to the successful healing of the defect.8Ex vivo cell isolation and expansion in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines are a time-consuming and costly procedure for cell-based strategy. Furthermore, despite numerous studies in both preclinical and clinical settings, the efficacy of cell-based approaches for bone regeneration remains controversial.7 Therefore, developing a new generation of cell-based strategy that requires a time-efficient harvesting and expansion procedure and integrates with natural tissue healing process would open new possibilities for clinical translation.This special issue, which will be published in three parts, aims to present a collection of articles that highlight recent progress of biomaterial and cell-based strategies for regenerative dentistry. The guest editors hope that this issue will provide tissue engineers and clinicians with a valuable perspective for accelerating the design of new tissue engineering strategies and clinical translation.

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Antibacterial Coatings on Titanium Alloy Implants for Veterinary Application.

The aim of this work was the evaluation of biological properties of hybrid coatings modified with Ag, Cu, and Zn nanoparticles (NPs) applied on TPLO medical implants by the sol-gel process. The implant coatings enriched with various concentrations of metallic NPs were investigated in the in vitro bactericidal efficacy tests against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and pathogenic yeast. Next, the designed materials were tested on human osteosarcoma cell lines. The cells adhesion, proliferation, viability, and differentiation were investigated. The cell growth wasevaluated using SEM, and the metallic ion release was measured. The results revealed that the NPs concentration in the hybrid layers decreased with the incubation time. In the last stage, the implants were tested in vivo on six canine patients. Three months after the operation, the radiological evaluation of the performed anastomosis was carried out as well as the histopathological evaluation of tissue regeneration. The strongest bactericidal efficacy was observed for the layers containing AgNPs. Along with an increased concentration of metallic additives, a growing toxic effect was clearly observed. The most pronounced toxic effect was especially evident with the AgNPs concentration exceeding 1 mol %. In all the operated patients, no deviations were found during the follow-up examinations in the postoperative period. The low dose of AgNPs in the hybrid layer facilitated the tissue healing process. It was proven that silver nanoparticles may accelerate the bone healing process. The correct tissue reparation was observed.

Nanomaterials based on chitosan for skin regeneration: an update.

Nanomaterials based on chitosan for skin regeneration: an update.

Immediate placement of one-piece zirconia implants with or without xenograft into the buccal gap. Soft tissues as secondary outcomes of an experimental in vivo study.

To histologically evaluate soft tissue healing following immediately placed one-piece zirconia implant and grafting a xenograft into the buccal gap. The third and fourth premolars (PM3 and PM4) in both quadrants of the mandible of nine dogs were used for this experiment. Those teeth were removed flapless and implants were placed into the distal sockets in a lingual position. In one side of the jaw, the gap between the implant and the socket walls was grafted (test) while no grafting was performed in the contralateral side (control), randomly selected. After 6months of healing, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. Soft tissue measures like supracrestal soft tissue height (STH), length of barrier epithelium (BE), and connective tissue (CTC) were measured at buccal and lingual surfaces. The marginal mucosa was in a coronal position on the test side compared with the control side. At the buccal surface, the BE was longer in the test side than in the control side, while the CTC was longer in the control side than in the test side. For the STH (BE + CTC), the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The placement of a xenograft into the gap between a 1-piece zirconia implant and the buccal wall in dogs modified the process of soft tissue healing, providing less soft tissue recession. The gap size seems to have a modifying effect on the application of this protocol.

Novel triple therapy in osteoarthritis of knee joint

Background: Regenerative medicine may be defined as the process of replacing or regenerating human tissues or cells of humans to restore or to get very near to normal function of human life. Biological tissues found in humans such as blood, fat, bone marrow are the main resources of regenerative medicine which help in natural process of healing of soft tissue. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a physical modality that helps in enhancing healing process of soft tissues. Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is a gradually progressive degenerative condition with the loss of articular cartilage. The early stages of disease are managed conservatively with the aim of retarding the rate of cartilage destruction. Methods: A total of 80 patients underwent the novel triple therapy. The objective is to find out the potential of combination therapy in early degenerative disease of knee with the aim of reduction of inflammation. A protocol was developed which involved three injections of platelet rich plasma (PRP), six sessions of combined ESWT and physiotherapy. Results: Evaluation was mainly based on WOMAC/KSS/VAS scores. Patients in stage 1 and 2 (55+15=70) had excellent results for 36 months, patients in stage 3 (10 cases) had satisfactory outcome at 24 months. Conclusions: Triple therapy is an alternative treatment or in few cases a definitive treatment in degenerative disease of knee joint where medical and surgical management has minimal or no role. Triple therapy in mild to moderate osteoarthritis of knee joint has better outcome.

Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Cycloastragenol Alleviated the Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Carbon-Tetrachloride-Treated Mice.

The continuous death of hepatocytes induced by various etiologies leads to an aberrant tissue healing process and promotes the progression of liver fibrosis and ultimately chronic liver diseases. To date, effective treatments to delay this harmful process remain an unmet clinical need. Cycloastragenol is an active phytochemical substance isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to protect the liver. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of cycloastragenol on carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. We found that cycloastragenol at 200 mg/kg dosage exhibited anti-fibrotic efficacy as demonstrated by a decrease in collagen deposition, downregulation of mRNA expression of collagen type 1, and a reduction in the content of total collagens. In addition, cycloastragenol further augmented the levels of anti-fibrotic matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps), that is, Mmp8, proMmp9, and Mmp12, which play a pivotal role in fibrosis resolution. According to histological analysis and serum markers of hepatotoxicity, cycloastragenol protected the livers from damage and mitigated the increment of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin implicating hepatoprotective efficacy against CCl4. Moreover, cycloastragenol upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 6, a pleiotropic cytokine plays a vital role in the promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. In conclusion, cycloastragenol alleviated the progression of liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice and its anti-fibrotic efficacy was mainly due to the hepatoprotective efficacy.

Use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in dental surgical procedures

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use and applicability of Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) in surgical procedures of exodontia. The methodology was to perform an integrative literature review that was developed in six phases, in which the guiding question was elaborated by means of the PICo strategy. Thus bibliographic searches were performed in the electronic portals PubMed, LILACS and Cochrane Library, with the keywords Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Extraction and Regeneration, in which 20 articles were selected for the development of this review. he PRF has been increasingly effective in its various applications, especially in soft tissue healing, post-exodontia, contributing to the healing time, morbidity and amount of analgesics needed to reduce pain. Given the above, it is clear that PRF has a high capacity for the stimulation and regeneration of the natural healing process of tissues at extraction sites. Recent findings indicate that PRP can be considered as an efficient, cost-effective and simple therapeutic support for extraction procedures. Furthermore, the use of PRF in surgical procedures for tooth extraction has been shown to be advantageous in terms of tissue healing and bone regeneration, as well as having an expressive role in reducing the risk of delay in the recovery of patients undergoing therapies with oral bisphosphonates. Improvements in the techniques used with PRF can be summed up, as well as further studies and clinical trials with larger samples may confirm the results discussed in this work.

Influential factors of the success and/or failure of dental implants

Introduction: Dental prostheses are the most widely used artificial means to replace missing teeth in people, in order to restore the necessary harmony in the stomatognathic complex, both functional and aesthetic. Dental implants are pure titanium fixations that are placed in the maxillary or mandibular bone in order to replace the roots of missing teeth, currently they are one of the most innovative rehabilitative therapies in dentistry. Objective: Evaluate the factors that influence the success and/or failure of dental implants. Methodology: This research is framed within a systematic bibliographic review. Results: The factors that have the greatest influence and affect the immediate result are heavy smoking, implant placement under a torque of less than 15 Nm, overheating of the site, lack of primary stability at the time of implant placement, premature loading or microbiological contamination that alter the normal healing process of the soft tissues and prevent the intimate union between the bone and the implant from forming. Conclusion: Success and failure are dynamic conditions linked to time and require periodic evaluation. The main criteria to evaluate the quality of health of the dental implant are mobility and pain, the presence of any of them compromises the implant to a great extent. Non-osseointegration and peri-implantitis were the most frequent causes of failure in the initial phase of the treatment. Regarding the anatomical regions of the oral cavity, the failure rates were low and the survival and success rates were high.

Tissue Integration and Chondroprotective Potential of Acetabular Labral Augmentation with Autograft Tendon: Study of a Porcine Model.

The aim of this study was to explore the tissue healing process and changes in articular cartilage following acetabular labral augmentation in a porcine model. The labrum was resected unilaterally from 10 o'clock to 1 o'clock on the capsular side in 36 pigs. Eighteen pigs underwent labral augmentation (AUG group) using autologous Achilles tendon. No additional procedures were performed in the remaining pigs (control group). The pigs were killed at 6, 12, or 24 weeks postoperatively for histological assessment and measurement of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in synovial fluid. All autografts were well placed in the labral defect in the AUG group, and good integration of the autograft with the remnant chondrolabral junction was observed at 24 weeks; only scar tissue was observed in the control group at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Fibrochondrocytes were concentrated at the transition between the autograft and native labrum at early time points, and the cells within the autograft labrum were predominantly fibrochondrocytes at 24 weeks. Rough and irregular articular cartilage surfaces were observed in 3 of the 6 samples in the AUG group at 24 weeks; the others appeared smooth. Focal cartilage erosion (predominantly in the acetabulum) occurred in all samples in the control group at 12 and 24 weeks. The Mankin score at 24 weeks was significantly lower in the AUG group than in the control group (mean [95% confidence interval]: 2.33 [1.06 to 3.6] versus 9 [8.06 to 9.94], p < 0.001). Likewise, the concentrations of all cytokines (in pg/mL) were significantly lower in the AUG group than in the control group at 24 weeks (IL-6: 166.6 [155.22 to 177.94] versus 245.9 [242.66 to 249.14], p < 0.001; IL-1β: 122.1 [116.4 to 127.83] versus 282.9 [280.29 to 285.51], p < 0.001; and TNF-α: 56.22 [53.15 to 59.29] versus 135 [131.66 to 138.24], p < 0.001). Autograft tendon used for labral augmentation was able to integrate well with the native labrum, which may help to preserve the articular cartilage. Labral augmentation with autograft tendon may be a feasible option in cases of viable labral remnants.

Biodegradable magnesium incorporated microspheres enable immunomodulation and spatiotemporal drug release for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease that may lead to collapse of the femoral head and subsequently, progression to osteoarthritis of the hip. Although biomaterials have been widely used as carriers of active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of early ONFH, current carriers are incapable of modulating the complex endogenous tissue healing process including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and especially inflammation, which is the non-negligible step in bone repair. Herein, a kind of microspheres composed of magnesium (Mg), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) (Mg/BMP-2/PLLA microspheres) is developed as a novel drug delivery system to make up for the above shortcomings. In vitro studies show that BMP-2 release can be facilely manipulated by Mg contents, and a spatiotemporal release of Mg and BMP-2 is achieved. Cell-microspheres co-cultured experiments reveal that 2%Mg/BMP-2/PLLA microspheres possess the most pronounced effect on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Furthermore, using a rabbit model of ONFH, 2%Mg/BMP-2/PLLA microspheres are proved with osteogenic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects which facilitate bone tissue regeneration. The developed Mg/BMP-2/PLLA microspheres with spatiotemporal release manner and immunomodulatory property hold great promise for improved treatment of early ONFH as well as other bone injury under pathological conditions.

Biocompatibility and mineralization potential of new calcium silicate cements

Background/purposeAs calcium silicate cements (CSCs) have been successfully used in various types of vital pulp therapy, many new CSC products have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibilities and mineralization potential of new CSC. The experimental materials were NeoMTA Plus and EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty (ERRM-FS) which were compared to ProRoot MTA. Materials and methodsIn vitro, the effects of the new CSC on stem cells were evaluated. Each CSC was prepared for cell viability testing, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and calcium ion release assay. In vivo, the exposed pulp model was used for the partial pulpotomy procedure. Thirty-six teeth were treated with three materials: ProRoot MTA, NeoMTA Plus, or ERRM-FS. After four weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed for histologic analysis. Dentin bridge formation, pulp inflammation, and odontoblastic cell layer were evaluated and the area of newly formed calcific barrier of each group was measured. ResultsThree CSCs demonstrated similar cell viability on stem cells and the levels of ALP and calcium release were not significantly different between tested materials. ProRoot MTA and ERRM-FS showed better tissue healing process than NeoMTA Plus after partial pulpotomy, in terms of quality of calcific barrier and pulp inflammation. The outcomes from measuring newly formed calcific area demonstrated no significant differences between the materials. ConclusionNeoMTA Plus and ERRM-FS displayed similar biocompatibilities and mineralization potential compared to ProRoot MTA. Therefore, these new CSCs can be used as desirable alternatives to ProRoot MTA.

Potential Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.

Understanding the fundamental principles of tooth movement could reduce the duration of treatment and achieve a stable outcome, resulting in patient satisfaction. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was a modality in which a patient inhaled 100% O2 while subjected to high atmospheric pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitated the supply of oxygen to the human body's organs and tissues and served a variety of applications, including patient care and wound treatment. This review article aimed to describe animal studies of the potential effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontic therapy. It was conducted using a systematic literature review method, including searching PubMed and Google Scholar for publications relevant to the research topics. The search was filtered to include only research on orthodontic treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy and was published in any year. Articles that did not specify biological components of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items identified the papers for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) strategy, which resulted in the selection of 11 publications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy affected parameters of biomarkers representing the clinical, molecular, and cellular biology of bone formation and resorption in periodontal tissues in responding to orthodontic physical forces, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, type I collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, osteocalcin, fibroblast, matrix metalloproteinase-8, transforming growth factor-β, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, trabecular bone density, and tooth mobility. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy induced an inflammatory response to follow OTM events during active orthodontic therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy might play a role in the tissue healing process during passive treatment. Nonetheless, additional research should be conducted to establish the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontics.

A biodegradable magnesium surgical staple for colonic anastomosis: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Staplers have been widely used in the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal reconstruction. However, the current titanium (Ti) staple will remain in the human body permanently, resulting in some adverse effects. In this study, we developed a type of biodegradable staple for colonic anastomosis using 0.3 mm diameter magnesium (Mg) alloy wires. The wire surface was modified by micro-arc oxidation treatment (MAO) and then coated with poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) to achieve a moderate degradation rate matching the tissue healing process. The results of tensile tests on isolated porcine colon tissue anastomosed by Mg and Ti staples showed that the anastomotic property of Mg staples was almost equal to that of Ti staples. The in vitro degradation tests indicated the dual-layer coating effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance and maintained the tensile force of the coated staple stable after 14-day immersion in the simulated colonic fluid (SCF). Furthermore, 24 beagle dogs were employed to conduct a comparison experiment using Mg-based and clinical Ti staples for 90-day implantation by ent-to-side anastomosis of the colon. The integrated structure of Mg-based staples was observed after 7 days and completely degraded after 90 days. All animals did not have anastomotic leakage and stenosis, and 12 dogs with Mg-based staples fully recovered after 90 days without differences in visceral ion levels and other side effects. The favorable performance makes this Mg-based anastomotic staple an ideal candidate for colon reconstruction.

Analysis of changes in matrix metalloproteinases-9 and tissue inhibitors-1 levels in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculous with different profile of drug-resistance

Objective — to analyze changes in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 parameters in patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary TB with different pathogen resistance profile depending on the course of the tuberculosis process.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 124 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB with destruction and bacterial excretion, who were treated according to the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine N 620 in 2014—2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (n = 84) — multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB); Group II (n = 40) — drug-susceptible TB. Groups Ia (n = 56) and IIa (n = 28) included patients with effective treatment; groups Ib (n = 28) and IIb (n = 12) included patients with ineffective treatment. The level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was studied in blood serum by ELISA. Blood was taken in the morning on an empty stomach at the beginning of treatment, after 2 and 3 months.&#x0D; Results and discussion. The level of MMP-9 increased in both groups for 3 months. However, the dynamics of the increase was more intensive in the group of drug-susceptible TB. The level of TIMP-1 also increased within 3 months in both groups. This dynamics was more intensive in Group II. In the course of treatment, more intensive dynamics of the ratio decrease MMP-9/TMP-1 was observed in Group II with a decrease of 25 % compared with 16.6 % in Group I.In the group of patients with MDR-TB, the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 at the beginning of treatment was lower in Group Ia than in Group Ib (p &lt; 0.001). Its decrease within 3 months was more pronounced in Group Ib (by 25 %) compared with Group Ia (7.5 %). In the group of patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis at the beginning of treatment, higher levels of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were observed in Group IIb. Against the background of anti-TB treatment for 3 months. There was also a decrease in the ratio in both groups (IIa and IIb). However, the dynamics of the decrease was more pronounced in Group IIb (by 41 %), compared with group IIa (by 10 %).&#x0D; Conclusions. In dynamics, against the background of antimycobacterial therapy, a more rapid onset of lung healing processes was observed in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB compared with patients with MDR-TB. This is evidenced by the obtained indicators of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and their ratio. Thus, the level of TIMP-1, which is an inhibitor of MMP-9, was higher after 3 months of treatment and showed more intensive growth dynamics in Group II, that is, in patients with drug-susceptible TB, which indicates a favorable course of the disease in this group, and an earlier onset of healing processes of lung tissue destruction.When patients were divided into groups of effective and ineffective treatment, a more intensive decrease in the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 was observed in patients with an unfavorable course of the tuberculosis process, which indicates more significant changes in the connective tissue of the lungs in patients from these groups.

Inflammatory environment-adaptive patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophages

Designing biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match the tissue healing process. Although some advanced stimuli-responsive immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external stimuli by manual intervention, there would be the inevitable errors and uncertainties. Thus, developing immunomodulatory biomaterials with adaptive abilities, which can recognize the inflammation signals, change their properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different healing stages, has become a promising strategy. In this work, we developed an inflammation-adaptive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) -patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophage. We fabricated a methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MA-HA) hydrogel with thiol-functionalized RGD-patterned surface by employing photolithography technology. Then, thiol-functionalized RGD contained ROS-cleavable linker was filled the remaining sites and consequently, a dynamic surface with temporary homogeneous RGD was obtained. Under the overproduction of ROS by the inflammation-activated macrophages, the linker was cleaved, and the homogeneous RGD surface was transformed to the RGD patterned surface, which triggered elongation of macrophages and consequently the upregulated expressions of arginase-1, IL-10 and TNF-β1, indicating the polarization toward to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Developing inflammatory environment-adaptive surface for spatiotemporal modulation of macrophages polarization provides a precise and smart strategy for the healing-matched immunomodulation to facilitate healing outcomes. Statement of significanceDesigning biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match tissue repair process. Some immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external manual intervention. Thus, we developed an immunomodulatory biomaterial with inflammation-adaptive patterned surface, which can recognize abnormal signals and change its properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different stages. The dynamic surface can adapt to the changes of microenvironment and dynamically to match the cell behavior and tissue healing process on demand without external manual intervention. Additionally, the surface achieves the balance of macrophages with pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in the tissue repair process.

FIZJOTERAPIA JAKO WSPOMAGANIE POOPERACYJNEGO LECZENIA ZERWANIA WIE ̨ZADŁA ̇ KRZYZOWEGO PRZEDNIEGO U PSÓW: OPIS PRZYPADKU

Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in the stifle is one of the most common causes of hind-limb lameness in middle-aged and old dogs. The treatment of choice involves surgical extra- or intra-capsular stabilization of the knee joint, or the increasingly preferred tibial osteotomy techniques. Postoperative rehabilitation of the affected limb is an equally important part of the treatment. The paper describes three cases of rupture of the cruciate ligament in dogs and the methods of physiotherapeutic treatment applied to them. The techniques of passive and active exercises were used along with massage and physical therapy, such as magnetotherapy, ultrasound, electrotherapy, and laser therapy. The development of the correct physiotherapeutic treatment plan, the selection of techniques, and the duration of therapy is crucial for its effectiveness. It has been shown that rehabilitation has a positive effect on the tissue healing process. It also shortens the time needed to restore full mobility of the affected limb, both during the non-complicated healing process and in the event of problematic cases.

Mussel-inspired polysaccharide-based sponges for hemostasis and bacteria infected wound healing

Effective bleeding control and wound protecting from infection play critical roles in the tissue healing process. However, local hemostats are not involved in the whole healing processes to promote the final healing efficiency. Here, a multi-functional mussel-inspired polysaccharide-based sponge with hemostatic, antibacterial and adhesive properties was fabricated via cryopolymerization of oxidized dextran (OD), carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-NPs), followed by lyophilization. Combining with the adsorbed thrombin, the sponges yielded a considerably lower amount of blood than the commercially available hemostatic dressings. Benefiting from the high photo-thermal transition efficiency of PDA-NPs, the sponges exhibited excellent antibacterial activity to both gram positive and negative bacteria. Owing to the rapid hemostatic activity and effective infection resistance, the sponges illustrated the significantly acceleratory wound healing efficiency compared with the control group. The thrombin-loaded OD/CC-PDA polysaccharide-based sponge has great potential for future clinical use as wound dressing.

STUDYING THE OSMOTIC ACTIVITY OF A POLYCOMPONENT REPARATIVE GEL

Abstract. Hydrogel-based wound dressings are currently in demand due to their positive effect on reparative processes. The range of such is quite diverse and is represented by gelling agents of both synthetic and natural origin. The latter are most often biopolymers, among which collagen deserves special attention. The most important properties of collagen are its biocompatibility, low level of immunogenicity, ability to biodegrade, which leads to the formation of degradation products that stimulate cell proliferation and the biosynthesis of native collagen. Collagen has optimal physical characteristics, which is important for ensuring the structural and mechanical properties of the compositions. In addition, collagen has been successfully used as a carrier for other pharmacologically active substances. In this regard, the expediency of developing a multicomponent gel with a predictable reparative effect based on collagen and a thick extract of maize columns with stigmas was shown. This medicinal plant raw material has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunotropic effects, which suggests its positive effect on tissue healing processes. One of the important properties of the reparative gel is its osmotic activity, which determines the ability to absorb exudate and cleanse the surface of the wound from purulent secretions, reduce tissue hyperthermia and inflammatory edema. The purpose of this study is to study the osmotic activity of a multicomponent gel of reparative action based on collagen and a thick extract of maize columns with stigmas. The object of the study was experimental samples of a polycomponent gel. Osmotic activity was studied by the method of equilibrium dialysis according to Kruvchinsky. For the purpose of a comparative assessment of the osmotic activity of a multicomponent gel, a control study was carried out in parallel under the same conditions for a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The results obtained demonstrated the presence of hyperosmolar characteristics in the experimental samples of the polycomponent gel during the first four hours of dialysis, which allows us to predict its positive effect on the processes of cleansing damaged tissues from pathological secretions and their effective repair.

The Potential Role of a Surface-Modified Additive-Manufactured Healing Abutment on the Expression of Integrins α2, β1, αv, and β6 in the Peri-Implant Mucosa: A Preliminary Human Study.

The stability of peri-implant soft tissues is essential for long-term success. Integrins play a vital role in biological processes through developing and maintaining cell interactions; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of modifications to abutment surfaces on cell adhesion across integrin expression. Therefore, this pilot study assessed the influence of different surface topographies of titanium healing abutments prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) on the gene expression levels of the integrin subunits α2, β1, αv, and β6 in the human peri-implant mucosa. Thirteen healthy adults were included. Depending on the number of required implants, the subjects were distributed in different groups as a function of healing abutment topography: group 1 (fully rough surface); group 2 (upper machined + lower rough); group 3 (rough upper surface + lower machined); group 4 (fully machined). A total of 40 samples (n = 10/group) of the peri-implant mucosa around the abutments were collected 30 days after implant placement, and subsequently, the gene expression levels were evaluated using real-time PCR. The levels of gene expression of β1-subunit integrin were upregulated for individuals receiving fully rough surface abutments compared with the other surface topographies (p < 0.05). However, the healing abutment topography did not affect the gene expression levels of the α2, αv, and β6 integrin subunits in the human peri-implant mucosa (p > 0.05). This preliminary study suggested that controlled modifications of the surface topography of titanium healing abutments produced by AM may influence the quality of the peri-implant mucosa in the early stages of the soft tissue healing process.

Effectiveness of antibacterial therapy following the implantation of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices

The use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for the purpose of absolute anchorage in orthodontics is considered as a significant revolution in modern orthodontics. This skeletal anchorage has replaced the conventional methods of anchorage such as extraoral devices, which frequently were insufficient and resulted in unpredictable side effects. TADs provide versatility, minimal invasiveness as well as biocompatibility, thus helps the clinician to achieve optimal treatment results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of «Hexalyse» used for the prevention of early inflammatory complications in orthodontic patients after implantation of TADs. Objects and methods. The current study included 42 patients who required orthodontic treatment of malocclusion using titanium TADs. Two equal study groups – the main group, and the control group were assembled according to gender and patient’s age. In the post implantation period, the main group patients were prescribed the local antibacterial medicine «Hexalyse». Gingival and papillary-marginal-alveolar indices were used to assess the condition of periodontal tissues and the dynamics of the inflammatory process in both groups. Results and discussion. Antibacterial therapy including the intake of «Hexalyse» in the main group was significantly more effective (p &lt; 0.05) and helped to facilitate the healing process of the soft tissue surrounding the titanium TADs. Conclusion. «Hexalyse» can be recommended for use during the early post-implantation period in the system of inflammatory complications prevention to facilitate the healing process of the mucous tissues surrounding TADs.