Influential factors of the success and/or failure of dental implants

Abstract

Introduction: Dental prostheses are the most widely used artificial means to replace missing teeth in people, in order to restore the necessary harmony in the stomatognathic complex, both functional and aesthetic. Dental implants are pure titanium fixations that are placed in the maxillary or mandibular bone in order to replace the roots of missing teeth, currently they are one of the most innovative rehabilitative therapies in dentistry. Objective: Evaluate the factors that influence the success and/or failure of dental implants. Methodology: This research is framed within a systematic bibliographic review. Results: The factors that have the greatest influence and affect the immediate result are heavy smoking, implant placement under a torque of less than 15 Nm, overheating of the site, lack of primary stability at the time of implant placement, premature loading or microbiological contamination that alter the normal healing process of the soft tissues and prevent the intimate union between the bone and the implant from forming. Conclusion: Success and failure are dynamic conditions linked to time and require periodic evaluation. The main criteria to evaluate the quality of health of the dental implant are mobility and pain, the presence of any of them compromises the implant to a great extent. Non-osseointegration and peri-implantitis were the most frequent causes of failure in the initial phase of the treatment. Regarding the anatomical regions of the oral cavity, the failure rates were low and the survival and success rates were high.