Tiny Neutrino Masses Research Articles

Implementing Inverse Seesaw Mechanism in S U(3) c ⊗S U(4) L ⊗U(1) X Gauge Models

Generating appropriate tiny neutrino masses via inverse seesaw mechanism within the framework of a particular SU(3)xSU(4)xU(1) gauge model is the main outcome of this letter. It is achieved by simply adding three singlet exotic Majorana neutrinos to the usual ones included in the three lepton quadruplet representations. The theoretical device of treating gauge models with high symmetries is the general method by Cotaescu. It provides us with a unique free parameter (a) to be tuned in order to get a realistic mass spectrum for the gauge bosons and charged fermions in the model. The overall breaking scale can be set around 1-10 TeV so its phenomenology is quite testable at present facilities.

A model of the matter–antimatter asymmetry and cold dark matter with U(1)−⊗U(1)

I suggest an effective model between the GUT and the electroweak scale. It only introduces the two symmetries of $U(1)_{B-L}$ and $U(1)_{D}$ besides the SM groups. The two symmetries are individually broken at the reheating temperature of the universe of $10^{12}$ GeV and the scale of $3\sim 4$ TeV. The model can simultaneously accommodate the tiny neutrino masses, the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the cold dark matter (CDM). In particular, the model gives some interesting results and predictions, for instance, the neutrinos are Dirac nature and their masses are related to the $U(1)_{D}$ breaking, the size of the matter-antimatter asymmetry is closely related to the mass hierarchy of the quarks and charged leptons, the CDM mass is probably in the range of $250\sim 350$ GeV. Finally, it is feasible to test the model in future collider experiments.

SystematicU(1)B–Lextensions of loop-induced neutrino mass models with dark matter

We study the gauged U(1)_{B-L} extensions of the models for neutrino masses and dark matter. In this class of models, tiny neutrino masses are radiatively induced through the loop diagrams, while the origin of the dark matter stability is guaranteed by the remnant of the gauge symmetry. Depending on how the lepton number is violated in the neutrino mass diagrams, these models are systematically classified. We present a complete list for the one-loop Z_2 and the two-loop Z_3 neutrino mass models as examples of the classification. These underlying gauge symmetries and its breaking patterns can be probed at future high energy colliders by looking at the width of the new gauge boson.

Neutrino catalyzed diphoton excess

In this paper we explain the 750 GeV diphoton resonance observed at the run-2 LHC as a scalar singlet S, that plays a key role in generating tiny but nonzero Majorana neutrino masses. The model contains four electroweak singlets: two leptoquarks, a singly charged scalar and a neutral scalar S. Majorana neutrino masses might be generated at the two-loop level as S gets nonzero vacuum expectation value. S can be produced at the LHC through the gluon fusion and decays into diphoton with charged scalars running in the loop. The model fits perfectly with a narrow width of the resonance. Constraints on the model are investigated, which shows a negligible mixing between the resonance and the standard model Higgs boson.

Charged lepton flavour violcxmation and neutrinoless double beta decay in left-right symmetric models with type I+II seesaw

We study the new physics contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta \beta$) half-life and lepton flavour violation (LFV) amplitude within the framework of the minimal left-right symmetric model (MLRSM). Considering all possible new physics contributions to $0\nu\beta \beta$ and charged lepton flavour violation $\mu \rightarrow e \gamma, \mu \rightarrow 3e$ in MLRSM, we constrain the parameter space of the model from the requirement of satisfying existing experimental bounds. Assuming the breaking scale of the left-right symmetry to be $\mathcal{O}(1)$ TeV accessible at ongoing and near future collider experiments, we consider the most general type I+II seesaw mechanism for the origin of tiny neutrino masses. Choosing the relative contribution of the type II seesaw term allows us to calculate the right handed neutrino mass matrix as well as Dirac neutrino mass matrix as a function of the model parameters, required for the calculation of $0\nu\beta \beta$ and LFV amplitudes. We show that such a general type I+II seesaw structure results in more allowed parameter space compared to individual type I or type II seesaw cases considered in earlier works. In particular, we show that the doubly charged scalar masses $M_{\Delta}$ are allowed to be smaller than the heaviest right handed neutrino mass $M_N$ from the present experimental bounds in these scenarios which is in contrast to earlier results with individual type I or type II seesaw showing $M_{\Delta} > M_N$.

Lepton flavor violatingBmeson decays via a scalar leptoquark

We study the effect of scalar leptoquarks in the lepton flavour violating $B$ meson decays induced by the flavour changing transitions $b \to q l_i^+ l_j^-$ with $q=s,d$. In the standard model these transitions are extremely rare as they are either two-loop suppressed or proceed via box diagrams with tiny neutrino masses in the loop. However, in the leptoquark model they can occur at tree level and are expected to have significantly large branching ratios. The leptoquark parameter space is constrained using the experimental limits on the branching ratios of $B_q \rightarrow l^+ l^-$ processes. Using such constrained parameter space, we predict the branching ratios of LFV semileptonic $B$ meson decays, such as $B^+ \to K^+ (\pi^+) l_i^+ l_j^-$, $B^+ \to (K^{* +}, \rho^+) l_i^+ l_j^-$ and $B_s \to \phi l_i^+ l_j^-$, which are found to be within the experimental reach of LHCb and the upcoming Belle II experiments. We also investigate the rare leptonic $K_{L, S} \to \mu^+ \mu^- (e^+ e^-)$ and $K_{L} \to \mu^\mp e^\pm$ decays in the leptoquark model.

Five-body leptonic decays of muon and tau leptons

We study the five-body decays $\mu^- \to e^- e^+ e^- \nu_{\mu} \bar{\nu}_{e}$ and $\tau^- \to \ell^- \ell'^+\ell'^-\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ for $\ell, \ell'=e, \mu$ within the Standard Model (SM) and in a general effective field theory description of the weak interactions at low energies. We compute the branching ratios and compare our results with two previous, mutually discrepant, SM calculations. By assuming a general structure for the weak currents we derive the expressions for the energy and angular distributions of the three charged leptons when the decaying lepton is polarized, which will be useful in precise tests of the weak charged current at Belle II. In these decays, leptonic $\mathbf{T}$-odd correlations in triple products of spin and momenta --which may signal time reversal violation in the leptonic sector-- are suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses. Therefore, a measurement of such $\mathbf{T}$-violating observables would be associated to neutrinoless lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays, where this effect is not extremely suppressed. We also study the backgrounds that the SM five-lepton lepton decays constitute to searches of LFV $L^- \to \ell^- \ell'^+\ell'^-$ decays. Searches at high values of the invariant mass of the $\ell'^+\ell'^-$ pair look the most convenient way to overcome the background.

Renormalizable model for neutrino mass, dark matter, muon g − 2 and 750 GeV diphoton excess

We discuss a possibility to explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess observed at the LHC in a three-loop neutrino mass model which has a similar structure to the model by Krauss, Nasri and Trodden. Tiny neutrino masses are naturally generated by the loop effect of new particles with their couplings and masses to be of order 0.1-1 and TeV, respectively. The lightest right-handed neutrino, which runs in the three-loop diagram, can be a dark matter candidate. In addition, the deviation in the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment from its prediction in the standard model can be compensated by one-loop diagrams with exotic multi-charged leptons and scalar bosons. For the diphoton event, an additional isospin singlet real scalar field plays the role to explain the excess by taking its mass of 750 GeV, where it is produced from the gluon fusion production via the mixing with the standard model like Higgs boson. We find that the cross section of the diphoton process can be obtained to be a few fb level by taking the masses of new charged particles to be about 375 GeV and related coupling constants to be order 1.

Search for mirror quarks at the LHC

Observation of non-zero neutrino masses at a scale $\sim 10^{-1} - 10^{-2}$ eV is a major problem in the otherwise highly successful Standard Model. The most elegant mechanism to explain such tiny neutrino masses is the seesaw mechanism with right handed neutrinos. However, the required seesaw scale is so high, $\sim 10^{14}$ GeV, it will not have any collider implications. Recently, an explicit model has been constructed to realize the seesaw mechanism with the right handed neutrinos at the electroweak scale. The model has a mirror symmetry having both the left and right lepton and quark doublets and singlets for the same $SU(2)_W $ gauge symmetry. Additional Higgs multiplets have been introduced to realize this scenario. It turns out that these extra Higgs fields also help to satisfy the precision electroweak tests, and other observables. Because the scale of the symmetry breaking is electroweak, both the mirror quark and mirror leptons have masses in the electroweak scale in the range $ \sim 150 - 800 $ GeV. The mirror quarks / leptons decay to ordinary quarks /leptons plus very light neutral scalars. In this work, we calculate the final state signals arising from the pair productions of these mirror quarks and their subsequent decays. We find that these signals are well observable over the Standard Model background for $13$ TeV LHC. Depending on the associated Yukawa couplings, these decays can also give rise displaced vertices with long decay length, very different from the usual displaced vertices associated with b decays.

Neutrinos in the time of Higgs

In this paper, the recent progress in the determination of neutrino oscillation parameters and future prospects have been discussed. The tiny neutrino masses as inferred from oscillation data and cosmology cannot be explained naturally by the Higgs mechanism and warrant some new physics. The latter can be connected to the Majorana nature of the neutrinos which can be probed by neutrinoless double beta decay (0 ν β β). The paper also summarizes the latest experimental results in 0 ν β β and discusses some implications for the left–right symmetric model which could be a plausible new physics scenario for the generation of neutrino masses.

Quasi-localized wavefunctions on magnetized tori and tiny neutrino Yukawa couplings

This paper shows that, a quasi-localization of wavefunctions in toroidal compactifications with magnetic fluxes can lead to a strong suppression for relevant Yukawa couplings, and it is applicable to obtain tiny neutrino masses. Although it is known that magnetic fluxes lead to a Gaussian profile of zero-modes on a torus and that can yield a suppressed coupling in higher-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theories, the largest (diagonal) entry of Yukawa matrices is always of $\mathcal O(1)$. In this paper, we propose a way to induce an absolutely tiny global factor of Yukawa matrices. In two SYM theories defined in different dimensional spacetime, their bifundamental representations must be localized as a point in some directions. Overlaps of such point-like localized wavefunctions and Gaussian zero-modes give a global factor of Yukawa matrices, and it can be a strong suppression factor or a usual $\mathcal O(1)$ factor, corresponding to their distance. Our numerical analysis shows that it is possible to obtain a suppression strong enough to realize the tiny neutrino masses without a hard fine-tuning. Furthermore, we propose a concrete model of the tiny neutrino Yukawa couplings in a magnetized SYM system.

R-parity conserving supersymmetric extension of the Zee model

We extend the Zee model, where tiny neutrino masses are generated at the one loop level, to a supersymmetric model with R-parity conservation. It is found that the neutrino mass matrix can be consistent with the neutrino oscillation data thanks to the nonholomorphic Yukawa interaction generated via one-loop diagrams of sleptons. We find a parameter set of the model, where in addition to the neutrino oscillation data, experimental constraints from the lepton flavor violating decays of charged leptons and current LHC data are also satisfied. In the parameter set, an additional CP-even neutral Higgs boson other than the standard-model-like one, a CP-odd neutral Higgs boson, and two charged scalar bosons are light enough to be produced at the LHC and future lepton colliders. If the lightest charged scalar bosons are mainly composed of the SU(2)_L-singlet scalar boson in the model, they would decay into e nu and mu nu with 50% of a branching ratio for each. In such a case, the relation among the masses of the charged scalar bosons and the CP-odd Higgs in the minimal supersymmetric standard model approximately holds with a radiative correction. Our model can be tested by measuring the specific decay patterns of charged scalar bosons and the discriminative mass spectrum of additional scalar bosons.

A further study of the Frampton-Glashow-Yanagida model for neutrino masses, flavor mixing and baryon number asymmetry

In light of the latest neutrino oscillation data, we revisit the minimal scenario of type-I seesaw model, in which only two heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos are introduced to account for both tiny neutrino masses and the baryon number asymmetry in our Universe. In this framework, we carry out a systematic study of the Frampton-Glashow-Yanagida ansatz by taking into account the renormalization-group running of neutrino mixing parameters and the flavor effects in leptogenesis. We demonstrate that the normal neutrino mass ordering is disfavored even in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a large value of tan β, for which the running effects could be significant. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the original scenario with a hierarchical mass spectrum of heavy Majorana neutrinos contradicts with the upper bound derived from a naturalness criterion, and the resonant mechanism with nearly-degenerate heavy Majorana neutrinos can be a possible way out.

Discriminating Majorana neutrino phases in the light of lepton flavor violation and leptogenesis in type I+II seesaw models

We study the effects of Majorana neutrino phases in lepton flavor violation and the origin of matter–antimatter asymmetry through the mechanism of leptogenesis within the framework of a model where both type I and type II seesaw mechanisms can contribute to tiny neutrino masses. We parametrize the type I seesaw mass matrix by assuming it to give rise to a tri-bimaximal (TBM) type neutrino mixing which predicts [Formula: see text]. The type II seesaw mass matrix is then constructed in such a way that the necessary deviation from TBM mixing and the best fit values of neutrino parameters can be obtained when both type I and type II seesaw contributions are taken into account. Considering both subleading as well as equally dominating type II seesaw term, we first constrain the Majorana CP phases from the requirement of producing correct baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis and then incorporating the experimental bounds on lepton flavor violating decays [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Search forn−n¯oscillation in Super-Kamiokande

A search for neutron-antineutron ($n-\bar{n}$) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1489 live-day or $2.45 \times 10^{34}$ neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and baryon minus lepton numbers by an absolute value of two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. No evidence for $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation was found, the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in ${}^{16}$O, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be $1.9 \times 10^{32}$~years at the 90\% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be $2.7 \times 10^8$~s using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of $0.517 \times 10^{23}$~s$^{-1}$ and its uncertainty.

Confronting the galactic center gamma-ray excess with a light scalar dark matter

The Fermi Large Area Telescope observed an excess in gamma-ray emission spectrum coming from the center of the Milky Way galaxy. This data reveals that a light dark matter (DM) candidate of mass in the range 31–40 GeV, dominantly decaying into bb̄ final state, can explain the presence of the observed bump in photon energy. We try to interpret this observed phenomena by sneutrino DM annihilation into pair of fermions in the Supersymmetric Inverse Seesaw Model (SISM). This model can also account for tiny non-zero neutrino masses satisfying existing neutrino oscillation data. We show that a Higgs portal DM in this model is in perfect agreement with this new interpretation besides satisfying all other existing collider, cosmological and low energy experimental constraints.

Bounds on the mass of doubly charged Higgs bosons in the same-sign diboson decay scenario

A direct search for doubly-charged Higgs bosons $H^{\pm\pm}$ is one of the most important probe in the Higgs Triplet Model, which is motivated by generation mechanisms of tiny neutrino masses. There are two major decay modes of $H^{\pm\pm}$; i.e., the same-sign dilepton decay $H^{\pm\pm}\to\ell^\pm\ell^\pm$ and the same-sign diboson decay $H^{\pm\pm}\to W^{\pm(*)}W^{\pm(*)}$. For the case where the former decay mode is dominant, the lower limit on the mass of $H^{\pm\pm}$ has been set at about 400 GeV by ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. On the other hand, for the case where the latter decay mode is dominant, no dedicated search has been performed in the past. By taking into account characteristic signals of $H^{\pm\pm}$ in the diboson decay scenario at LEP and the LHC experiments, we find that the lower mass bound of 60-68 GeV can be obtained using the same-sign dilepton search performed by ATLAS Collaboration with 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ data at the collision energy of 7 TeV. We also show that the limit can be extended up to about 85-90 GeV, assuming the integrated luminosity of 20 fb$^{-1}$ and 7 TeV for the collision energy. We give detailed explanations on the decay properties of $H^{\pm\pm}$ for relatively small mass cases and also on production cross sections of $H^{\pm\pm}$ at the next-to-leading order of QCD at the LHC.

Scalar dark matter with type II seesaw

We study the possibility of generating tiny neutrino mass through a combination of type I and type II seesaw mechanism within the framework of an abelian extension of standard model. The model also provides a naturally stable dark matter candidate in terms of the lightest neutral component of a scalar doublet. We compute the relic abundance of such a dark matter candidate and also point out how the strength of type II seesaw term can affect the relic abundance of dark matter. Such a model which connects neutrino mass and dark matter abundance has the potential of being verified or ruled out in the ongoing neutrino, dark matter, as well as accelerator experiments.

Realization of lepton masses and mixing angles from point interactions in an extra dimension

We investigate a model on an extra dimension $S^1$ where plenty of effective boundary points described by point interactions (zero-thickness branes) are arranged. After suitably selecting the conditions on these points for each type of five-dimensional fields, we realize the tiny active neutrino masses, the charged lepton mass hierarchy, and lepton mixings with a CP-violating phase, simultaneously. Not only the quark's but also the lepton's configurations are generated in a unified way with acceptable accuracy, with neither the see-saw mechanism nor symmetries in Yukawa couplings, by suitably setting the model parameters, even though their flavor structures are dissimilar each other. One remarkable point is that a complex vacuum expectation value of the five-dimensional Higgs doublet in this model becomes the common origin of the CP violation in both quark and lepton sectors. The model can be consistent with the results of the precision electroweak measurements and Large Hadron Collider experiments.

Neutrino mass and dark matter from gaugedU(1)B−Lbreaking

We propose a new model where the Dirac mass term for neutrinos, the Majorana mass term for right-handed neutrinos, and the other new fermion masses arise via the spontaneous breakdown of the $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{L}}$ gauge symmetry. The anomaly-free condition gives four sets of assignment of the $\mathrm{B}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{L}$ charge to new particles, and three of these sets have an associated global $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{DM}}$ symmetry which stabilizes dark matter candidates. The dark matter candidates contribute to generating the Dirac mass term for neutrinos at the one-loop level. Consequently, tiny neutrino masses are generated at the two-loop level via a type-I-seesaw-like mechanism. We show that this model can satisfy current bounds from neutrino oscillation data, the lepton flavor violation, the relic abundance of the dark matter, and the direct search for the dark matter. This model would be tested at future collider experiments and dark matter experiments.