TiNb2O7 Research Articles

Direct recycling of anode active material from Li-ion batteries using TiNb2O7 anode

As the demand for large lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for automotive and other applications rapidly grows, recycling of electrode materials has become essential owing to the large amount of waste material generated by battery manufacturing (e.g., battery scrap) and end-of-life (EOL) batteries. While there have been many studies on recycling of cathode materials, we propose a direct recycling process for anode material using TiNb2O7 (TNO) as the active material, as it offers high capacity and long life. Calcination was introduced to separate the anode active material from the current-collecting foil, and a regeneration method was investigated for TNO anodes from scrap and EOL battery waste. After calcination, the active material can be easily separated from the aluminum current-collecting foil owing to the binder disappearing. The structure of the active material was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. TNO active material recycled from scrap and EOL was found to maintain the structure of virgin material. A cell was fabricated using recycled TNO and cell performance was evaluated. The cell capacity and rate capacity were found to be almost equivalent to those of virgin material. In terms of the carbon footprints of products (CFP), CO2 emissions during the recycling process were compared between recycled material and virgin material, and it was found that CO2 emissions were reduced to 0.7-CO2eq/kg for scrap material and 3.8-CO2eq/kg for EOL waste material, compared with 4.8-CO2eq/kg for virgin material. Thus, the feasibility of low CO2 emissions during TNO anode direct recycling was confirmed in principle. A simple and low CO2 emission recycling loop can thus be constructed by employing a stable TNO active material structure and direct-recycling process with calcination.

Single-crystal TiNb2O7 materials via sustainable synthesis for fast-charging lithium-ion battery anodes

TiNb2O7 (TNO) has emerged as a promising fast-charging anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, research on TNO anode materials has been mostly restricted to synthesis of polycrystalline with limited associated mechanistic studies. Herein, we report a novel scalable aqueous synthesis method yielding sub-micron size single-crystal TNO particles following calcination that enables fast-charging anode fabrication. The sustainable co-precipitation process yields amorphous intermediate hydroxides which upon thermal conversion induced crystallization form single crystals. The obtained TNO monocrystalline anode material under 900 °C calcination (TNO-900C) delivers a high gravimetric capacity (279 mAh/g at 1st cycle) and a high volumetric capacity (351.7 mAh/cm3 at the initial cycle) at 0.5C rate. Additionally, the TNO anode delivers a remarkable capacity of 223 mAh/g at 5C and a high retention of 81.4 % after 200 cycles. In addition, TNO-900C illustrates outstanding fast-charging performance with a reversible capacity of 200 mAh/g at 10C. The intercalation mechanism and diffusion behavior of the monocrystalline TNO anodes are elucidated by electrochemical kinetic analysis (GITT, CV, and EIS). The remarkable fast charging Li-ion storage performance can be attributed to a high Li+ diffusion coefficient (1.37 × 10−13 cm2/s), low polarization, and high structural stability.

Enhanced performance of Mo-doped TiNb2O7 anode material for lithium-ion batteries via KOH sub-molten salt synthesis

TiNb2O7 (TNO) as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has relatively high safety and high theoretical capacity, making it an excellent alternative to the graphite anode. Nevertheless, its practical application is limited by its sluggish ionic and electronic conductivity. To address this challenge, Mo-doped TiNb2O7 (Mo-TNO) is synthesized via a KOH sub-molten salt method followed by calcining process. In this method, the low-cost raw materials are co-dissolved and then coprecipitated to achieve homogeneous mixing and particle refinement, further ensuring the uniformity of calcined products. The doping of Mo6+ facilitates cation mixing and charge compensation, leading to reduced charge transfer resistance and enhanced electronic conductivity. The reversible specific capacity of Mo-TNO after 300 cycles is maintained at 148 mA h g−1 with a high capacity-retention of 80 % at 5C. Even at 30C, it still exhibits a better capacity of 100.2 mA h g−1, much higher than the pristine TNO (58.9 mA h g−1). Furthermore, the full battery employing Mo-TNO as an anode and commercial LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM) as a cathode exhibits superior electrochemical performances with promising application prospect. These findings underscore the significant potential of Mo-TNO as a high-rate and long-life anode material for LIBs.

Enhancing the electrochemical properties of TiNb2O7 anodes with SP-CNT binary conductive agents for both liquid and solid state lithium ion batteries.

A high performance oxide composite electrode is obtained with a two-step solid state calcined titanium niobium oxide TiNb2O7 (TNO) anode and super P-carbon nanotube (SP-CNT) binary conductive agents. The solid state synthesized TNO-0.2C (the proportion of CNTs in the binary conductive agent is 20% wt) anode exhibits a high reversible discharge capacity of 278.6 mA h g-1 at 0.5C, a competitive rate capability with reported works that employed wet chemical methods at moderate rates (178.1 mA h g-1 at 10C), and an excellent capacity retention of 92.2% after 200 cycles at 1.5C/1.5C. The enhancement in electrochemical properties of the TNO-0.2C anode is mainly attributed to the combination of the short range and long range conductive agents in the SP-CNT binary conductive system, which guarantees an efficient electronic conductive network. The Li|Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 composite polymer electrolyte (LATPCPEs)|TNO-0.2C solid state batteries are also assembled, which deliver a high initial reversible discharge capacity of 241.3 mA h g-1 at 1C and a good capacity retention rate of 93% after 50 cycles. This work provides an efficient way to improve the electrochemical properties of TNO anodes in lithium ion batteries, especially for solid state batteries.

Engineering of Cerium Modified TiNb2O7 Nanoparticles For Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Battery.

Although TiNb2O7 (TNO) with comparable operating potential and ideal theoretical capacity is considered to be the most ideal replacement for negative Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), the low ionic and electronic conductivity still limit its practical application as satisfactory anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high-power density. Herein, TNO nanoparticles modified by Cerium (Ce) with outstanding electrochemical performance are synthesized. The successful introduction of Ce3+ in the lattice leads to increased interplanar spacing, refined grain size, more oxygen vacancy, and a smaller lithium diffusion barrier, which are conducive to improve conductivity of both Li+ and electrons. As a result, the modified TNO reaches high reversible capacity of 256.0mAhg-1 at 100mAg-1 after 100cycles, and 183.0mAhg-1 even under 3200mAg-1. In particular, when the temperature drops to -20°C, the cell undergoing 1500cycles at a high current density of 500mAg-1 can still reach 89.7mAhg-1, corresponding to a capacity decay rate per cycle of only 0.033%. This work provides a new way to improve the electrochemical properties of alternative anodes for LIBs at extreme temperature.

Balancing the Ion/Electron Transport of Graphite Anodes by a La-Doped TiNb2O7 Functional Coating for Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries.

A functional coating layer (FCL) is widely applied in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries to improve the sluggish Li+ transport kinetics of traditional graphite anodes. However, blindly increasing the Li+ conductivity for FCL reduces the overall electron conductivity of the anodes. Herein, we decoupled the effect of La-doping on TiNb2O7 (TNO) in terms of the phase evolution, Li+/electron transport, and lithiation behavior, and then proposed a promising La0.1TNO FCL with balanced Li+/electron transport for a fast-charging graphite anode. By optimizing the doping concentration of La, more holes are introduced into the TNO as electron carriers without causing lattice distortion, thus maintaining the fast Li+ diffusion channel in TNO. As a result, the graphite with La0.1TNO FCL delivers an excellent capacity of 220.2 mAh g-1 (96.3% retention) after 450 cycles at 3 C, nearly twice that of the unmodified one.

Sr-dopant microstructure engineering enables strong pseudocapacitive effects of TiNb2O7 anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a potential high-power type of anode owing to its extremely fast charging speed; however, its actual application is limited by the inherent low electron/ion conductivity of TNO.

Surface Modification on TiNb2O7 Anode Via Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Battery

Lithium-ion battery is one of the most vital energy storage devices due to high energy density property. In anode, TiNb2O7 (TNO) demonstrates high capacity as compared to Li4Ti5O12 materials. It is attractive for its high safety because of adequate Fermi level, implying that the solid electrolyte interface would not form during the charging and discharging process. This work provides a promising method of modifying the electrode, which includes PVdF, conductive carbon, and TNO, using the technology of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPj) treatment. This method is potential to accomplish roll-to-roll modification in the industry without any complex synthesis processes. In addition, APPj method is a time-effective process to treat the electrode. It has found that the treatment via APPj enhances the electrochemical performance by N-doped decoration on conductive carbon, as well as defects manufacturing of the TNO anode materials, and electrolyte wettability improvement on binder. The surface free energy of the APP-20 sample increases, improving the wettability of the electrolyte and contributing to an enhanced electrochemical performance. The C-rate performance of APP-20 improves significantly at 10C as compared to the sample without treatment. Also, the cycle test of APP-10 provides high retention after 300 cycles at 1C. In summary, this work promotes a feasible and facile treatment for roll-to-roll processing, and the mechanism could be established. APPj In short, the modification technique of APPj is an affordable method to apply in the lithium-ion battery of the industry manufacturing.

Bulk Modification of Porous TiNb2 O7 Microsphere to Achieve Superior Lithium-Storage Properties at Low Temperature.

TiNb2 O7 , as a promising alternative of Li4 Ti5 O12 , exhibits giant potential as low-temperature anode due to its higher theoretical capacity and comparable structural stability. However, the sluggish electronic conductivity still remains a challenge. Herein, bulk modification of Cu+ doping in porous TiNb2 O7 microsphere is proposed via a simple one-step solvothermal method with subsequent calcination treatment. The results show that the electronic conductivity is improved effectively due to the reduced band gap after doping, while enhanced lithium-ion diffusion is achieved benefiting from the increased interplanar spacing. Therefore, the optimal sample of Cu0.06 Ti0.94 Nb2 O7 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 244.4 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, superior rate capability, and long-term cycling stability at 1000 mA g-1 at room temperature. Particularly, it can also display good performance in a wide temperature range from 25 to -30 °C, including a reversible capacity of 76.6 mA h g-1 at -20 °C after 200 cycles at 200 mA g-1 . Moreover, Cu0.06 Ti0.94 Nb2 O7 //LiFePO4 full cell can deliver a high reversible capacity of 177.5 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 . The excellent electrochemical properties at both ambient and low-temperatures demonstrate the great potential of Cu+ -doped TiNb2 O7 in energy-storage applications.

Stable Multicomponent Multiphase All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

Due to their high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have been the state-of-the-art energy storage technology for many applications. Energy density can be further improved by engineering of the electrode architecture and microstructure, in addition to more common improvements via materials chemistry. All active material (AAM) electrodes consist of only the electroactive material that stores energy, and such electrodes have advantages to conventional composite processing with regards to improved mechanical stability at increased thicknesses and ion transport properties. However, the absence of binders and composite processing makes the electrode more vulnerable to electroactive materials with volume change upon cycling. Also, the electroactive material must have sufficient electronic conductivity to avoid large matrix electronic overpotentials during electrochemical cycling. TiNb2O7 (TNO) and MoO2 (MO) are electroactive materials with potential advantages as AAM electrodes due to relatively high volumetric energy density. TNO has higher energy density, and MO has much higher electronic conductivity, and thus a multicomponent blend of these materials was evaluated as an AAM anode. Herein, blends of TNO and MO as AAM anodes were investigated, where this is the first use of a multicomponent AAM anode. Electrodes that had both TNO and MO had the highest volumetric energy density, rate capability, and cycle life relative to single component TNO and MO anodes. Thus, using multicomponent materials provides a route to improve AAM electrochemical systems.

Impact of carbon coating processing using sucrose for thick binder-free titanium niobium oxide lithium-ion battery anode

Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly important for providing energy storage solutions. In the drive to improve the energy density at the cell level, optimizing the electrode architecture is crucial in addition to researching new materials. Binder-free (BF) electrodes include porous pellets only containing battery electroactive materials. These electrodes can provide advantages with regard to mechanical stability and alleviated ion transport limitations relative to composite approaches for very thick and energy-dense electrodes. However, the absence of conductive additives often limits suitable material candidates for BF battery electrodes. TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a promising BF electrode material from a gravimetric and volumetric capacity standpoint, but phase pure TNO has relatively low electronic conductivity. Herein, a sucrose precursor coating method for TNO materials was implemented to process the TNO materials into BF electrodes. The sucrose served as a source to generate carbon in the electrodes, where the carbon coating resulted in an increase in rate capability, discharge voltage, and cycle life.

Enhanced Energy Storage Performance of Zr-Doped TiNb2O7 Nanospheres Prepared by the Hydrolytic Method

The use of TiNb2O7 (TNO) as an anode material for Li-ion battery is attracting tremendous attention because of its stable structure and high theoretical capacity. However, the inherent poor electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity restrict its practical application. Herein, we designed and prepared zirconium-doped TiNb2O7 nanospheres (Zrx-TNO NSs, x = 0, 0.05, 0.010) with pores through a simple hydrolysis method to adjust the lattice spacing and electron distribution. The nanosphere-structured electron materials with pores can not only prevent aggregation of active materials but also provide more channels for Li+ and electrons’ transportation. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction coupled with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results verified the crystal spacing increasement. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum exhibited partial reduction of metal atoms. As a result, Zr0.05-TNO NSs showed improved cycling stability in the half cell (i.e., delivers a reversible capacity of 170 mA h/g at 5 C after 1000 cycles). It also showed excellent performance in the rate capabilities of 260.0 and 177.8 mA h/g at 0.5 and 10 C, making it highly competitive for quick-charging lithium-ion batteries.

Self-Assembly TiNb2O7@MXene Anode Material for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a high-specific-capacity intercalation-type anodic material with excellent cycle performance and appropriate working potential (∼1.6 V vs Li+/Li). However, its low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient can lead to poor kinetics, which has become a bottleneck that needs to be urgently addressed for the further development of TiNb2O7. Herein, a unique MXene encapsulating TNO particles (TNO@MXene) was fabricated through a simple electrostatic self-assembly process. The MXene nanosheets act as the underlying conductive substrate, which can not only enable reversible fast electron and ion transport at the interface and enhance the electrochemical activity of TNO but also prevent TNO particles from aggregating during lithiation/delithiation. Consequently, the TNO@MXene composite exhibits significantly improved lithium storage characteristics compared with those of pristine TNO, such as high reversible capacity (346.4 mA h g–1 at 0.1C), excellent cycling stability (92.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 10C), and exceptional superior rate capability (166 mA h g–1 at 20C). These findings proved the efficacy of the MXene substrate in enhancing the lithium-ion storage capabilities of TNO and may encourage the fabrication of high-power lithium-ion batteries.

Homovalent doping: An efficient strategy of the enhanced TiNb2O7 anode for lithium-ion batteries

The low energy density, unsatisfied cycling performance, potential safety issue and slow charging kinetics of the commercial lithium-ion batteries restrained their further application in the fields of fast charging and long-haul electric vehicles. Monoclinic TiNb2O7 (TNO) with the theoretical capacity of 387 mAh g−1 has been proposed as a high-capacity anode materials to replace Li4Ti5O12. In this work, homovalent doping strategy was used to enhance the electrochemical performance of TiNb2O7 (TNO) by employing Zr to partial substitute Ti through solvothermal method. The doping of Zr4+ ions can enlarge the lattice structure without changing the chemical valence of the original elements, refine and homogenize the grains, improve the electrical conductivity, and accelerate the ion diffusion kinetics, and finally enhance the cycle and rate performance. Specifically, Z0.05-TNO shows initial discharge capacity of as high as 312.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 244.8 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and still maintains a high specific capacity of 171.3 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 10 C. This study provides a new strategy for high-performance fast-charging energy storage electrodes.

Establish TiNb2O7@C as Fast-Charging Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Intercalation-type metal oxides are promising active anode materials for the fabrication of safer rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, as they are capable of minimizing or even eliminating Li plating at low voltages. Due to the excellent cycle performance, high specific capacity and appropriate working potential, TiNb2O7 (TNO) is considered to be the candidate of anode materials. Despite a lot of beneficial characteristics, the slow electrochemical kinetics of the TNO-based anodes limits their wide use. In this paper, TiNb2O7@C was prepared by using the self-polymerization coating characteristics of dopamine to enhance the rate-performance and cycling stability. The TNO@C-2 particles present ideal rate performance with the discharge capacity of 295.6 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C. Moreover, the TNO@C-2 anode materials exhibit initial discharge capacity of 177.4 mA h g-1, providing 91% of capacity retention after 400 cycles at 10 C. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be contributed to the carbon layer, which builds fast lithium ion paths, enhancing the electrical conductivity of TNO. All these results confirm that TNO@C is a valid methodology to enhance rate-performance and cycling stability and is a new way to provide reliable and quickly rechargeable energy storage resources.

Cr3+-Doped TiNb2O7 as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Because of its high operating potential (ca. 1.6 V), high theoretical capacity (ca. 387 mA h/g), and safety of operation, TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a promising anode material and an excellent alternative to spinel Li4Ti5O12. To overcome the poor electrical conductivity and low Li+ ion diffusion coefficient of pure TNO, and, thereby, significantly improve its rate performance, in this study we prepared a novel Ti1–xCrxNb2O7 (x = 0.05; Cr-TNO) anode material. When evaluated for its energy storage performance, the electrochemical properties of Cr-TNO were improved relative to those of TNO, including an excellent rate capability (178.2 mA h/g at 10C) and good cycle stability (84.2 % retention after 500 cycles), due to enhanced electronic and ionic conductivities. Furthermore, we demonstrate herein the practical applications of Cr-TNO when combined with active carbon and a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode in an asymmetric supercapacitor and a full lithium-ion battery, respectively. Both of these devices possessed pronounced cycling stability and rapid charge/discharge characteristics, reflecting the excellent electrochemical performance of Cr-TNO.

Effects of oxygen vacancy concentration and sintering temperature on rechargeable Li-ion storage performance of titanium niobate anode materials

In this study, TiNb2O7 (TNO) was prepared by a simple solvothermal method and subsequently high temperature sintering process as anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The surface morphology and oxygen vacancies of as-prepared TNO were investigated by using different sintering temperatures from 700oC to 1000 °C, namely TNO-700, TNO-800, TNO-900 and TNO-1000, respectively. The crystal structure, surface morphology as well as pore size distribution and oxygen vacancy content of a series of TNO anodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), surface area and pore analyzer (N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms), electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), respectively. The condition-optimized TNO-800 electrode exhibited brilliant rate capability and the highest reversible capacity which resulted from the micro-spherical structure and enough oxygen vacancies in terms of 246 mAh/g after 250 cycles and 248 mAh/g at 20C, respectively. The XPS analysis proved that samples in lower sintered temperatures had more oxygen vacancies from Ti/Nb peak shifting and integrated area ratio of the main peak to the shoulder peak in the O 1s spectrum. In addition, they also exhibited a stronger EFP signal than that of other samples at g = 1.99 which means the signal of paramagnetic oxygen vacancies. These results indicated that the porous structure and high specific surface area, as well as the existence of oxygen vacancies, play important roles in the electrochemical performance of TNO anode materials for LIBs. Hence, it is an effective manner to enhance the Li-ion storage applications for anode materials from this research.

Realizing rapid electrochemical kinetics of Mg2+ in Ti-Nb oxides through a Li+ intercalation activated strategy toward extremely fast charge/discharge dual-ion batteries

The development of practical magnesium batteries is severely hindered by the sluggish solid diffusion processes resulting from the relatively high charge density of Mg2+ with two unit charges. Therefore, exploiting novel charge storage mechanisms to overcome the inherent kinetic obstruction is urgently needed. Herein, the rapid diffusion kinetics of Mg2+ in Wadsley-Roth phase TiNb2O7 (TNO) is realized through the electrochemical Li+ intercalation boosted approach, contributing to the successful fabrication of high-rate and ultra-long lifespan dual-ion batteries. Through adding lithium salt into the conventional all phenyl complex electrolyte, not only Li+ but also Mg2+ can be intercalated into the TNO, implying the intercalation of Mg2+ can be activated by the intercalation of Li+. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations reveal that the insertion of Li+ can significantly improve the electronic conductivity of TNO and reduce the diffusion energy barrier of Mg2+ in TNO. Moreover, in-situ Raman and ex-situ X-ray diffraction measurements also indicate the improved structural integrity of TNO with Li+ pre-intercalation during cycling. Consequently, such a dual-ion battery system with the TNO cathode and Mg metal anode exhibits a high reversible capacity (243.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and excellent high-rate cycling stability (capacity retention of 85.1% at 5 C after 2000 cycles)

A Unique Nanoflake‐Shape Bimetallic Ti–Nb Oxide of Superior Catalytic Effect for Hydrogen Storage of MgH2

MgH2 is one of the most promising solid hydrogen storage materials due to its high capacity, excellent reversibility, and low cost. However, its operation temperature needs to be greatly reduced to realize its practical applications, especially in the highly desired fuel cell fields. This work synthesizes a 2D nanoflake-shape bimetallic Ti-Nb oxide of TiNb2 O7 , which has high surface area and shows superior catalytic effect for the hydrogen storage of MgH2 . Incorporated with the TiNb2 O7 nanoflakes as low as 3 wt%, MgH2 shows a low onset dehydrogenation temperature of 178 °C, which is lowered by 100 °C compared with the pristine one. A dehydrogenation capacity as high as 7.0 wt% H2 is achieved upon heating to 300 °C. The capacity retention is as high as 96% after 30 cycles. The mechanism of the improved hydrogen storage properties is analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and the microstructural evolution during dehydrogenation and hydrogenation. This work provides an MgH2 system with high available capacity and low operation temperature by a unique structural design of the catalyst. The high surface area feature of the TiNb2 O7 nanoflakes and the synthesis method hopefully can develop the application of TiNb2 O7 .

Porous oxygen-deficient TiNb2O7 spheres wrapped by MXene as high-rate and durable anodes for liquid and all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is an attractive anode material for high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its medium working potential and competitive theoretical capacity. The main challenges associated with TNO anodes are ultralow electronic conductivity and structural instability, leading to poor power and cycling performances. Herein, we prepare MXene wrapped porous TNO spheres with oxygen vacancies (TNO-x@MXene). It is found that introducing MXene and oxygen vacancies into TNO anode can result in electronic conductivity enhancement about four orders of magnitude while building a porous structure allows Li+ (de-)intercalation reactions to dominantly occur at the material near-surface, boosting interfacial electron/ Li+ transfer kinetics. Meanwhile, 3D conductive networks constructed by flexible MXene nanoflakes also help retain electrical connectivity, minimizing electrode degradation during cycling. In half cells, the TNO-x@MXene material demonstrates high reversible capacity (264 mAh g−1 at 0.1C), superior cycling stability (0.03 % capacity fading per cycle during 1000 cycles at 4C), extraordinary rate capability (78 mAh g−1 at 100C), and high initial Coulombic efficiency (92.2 %). With LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode, the assembled liquid-state full cells exhibit excellent capacity retention of 91.5 % after 1000 cycles at 5C. Importantly, for the first time, we explore the potential of as-made TNO composite as the anode of all-solid-state LIBs with an inorganic sulfide electrolyte (Li6PS5Cl). The solid-state TNO-x@MXene//NCM811 batteries also demonstrate stable cycling ability (98 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2C). The methodology can also be used to modify other electrode materials with low conductivity and structural instability for LIBs and beyond.