Amount Of Tin Research Articles

Oxidation and passivating effect in tin(II) fluoride and chloride fluoride solid solutions: a 119Sn Mössbauer study

Divalent tin fluorides and chloride fluorides appear to be stable relative to oxidation to tetravalent tin at ambient temperature. X-ray diffraction shows only the line of the tin(II) compound, however the 119Sn Mossbauer spectrum of all tin(II) polycrystalline samples has a small broad peak at ca. 0 mm/s. This is the case of polycrystalline α −SnF2, while the spectrum of a large single crystal polished sufficiently thin shows only the tin(II) doublet, with no SnO2 peak at 0 mm/s. This shows that there is surface oxidation of each solid particle, to give a thin amorphous layer of SnO2 stannic oxide. However, the Mossbauer peak of SnO2 does not grow with prolonged exposure to air at ambient temperature, therefore it must be assumed that the layer of SnO2 has a passivating effect, however oxidation increases at higher temperatures. We have investigated in this work the passivating effect of a layer of SnO2 in two types of solid solutions: (i) in the fluorite type M1−xSnxF2, where the amount of tin at low x values is not sufficient to provide full coverage of the surface of the particles, and (ii) in the PbClF type doubly disordered solid solution, Ba1−xSnxCl1+yF1−y. It was found that passivation works well in the M1−xSnxF2 solid solution, however most of the time, it does not work so well for Ba1−xSnxCl1+yF1−y where it is strongly dependent on the method of preparation and the bonding strength, as shown by the variation versus the tin(II) recoil-free fraction.

Effect of Sn doping in optical properties of Se-Ge glass and glass-ceramics

Abstract In this study, Se60Ge40 glass systems were synthesized with different amounts of tin at 850 °C and quenched in salt bath. In order to improve hardness of the glasses, those were annealed at a temperature of 20 °C higher than the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) for 4 h. Crystalized GeSe and SnSe phases were determined via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Fermi energy, over-batch energy, and direct and indirect band gap energies were calculated using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV spectra). Physical properties including hardness, coordination number, and density were investigated, with the influence of different amounts of Sn on these properties further studied. In order to undertake structural studies on the glasses, the samples were subjected to Raman spectroscopy. Size and distribution of the nanocrystals nucleated in the ceramic glass were observed and measured utilizing FESEM and TEM analyses. Chemical resistance of the samples in sulfuric and fluoric acids and its impact on IR transmittance were also evaluated.

Electrophysical properties of the multicomponent PBZT-type ceramics doped by Sn4+

In the work, the multicomponent Pb0.75Ba0.25(Zr0.65Ti0.35)1-aSnaO3 (PBZT/Sn) ceramics were obtained with various tin amounts (a from the range of 0.0 to 0.1). The densification of the PBZT/Sn ceramic samples was performed using pressureless sintering method. The effect of SnO2 content on the crystal structure of PBZT/Sn ceramics, microstructure, DC electrical conductivity and electrophysical properties (including dielectric and ferroelectric testes), were investigated. The PBZT/Sn ceramic samples exhibit high values of dielectric permittivity at the temperature of ferro-paraelectric phase transition and show the relaxor character of phase transition. Excessive SnO2 contents doping of the PBZT/Sn materials (already for a = 0.1) might lead to lattice stress and structure defects, which successively leads to the deterioration of ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramic samples. The presented research shows that the addition of SnO2 to the base PBZT compound (in the proper proportion) gives an additional possibility of influencing the parameters essential for practical applications, from the areas of micromechatronics and microelectronics.

Sn-BEA zeolites prepared by two-step postsynthesis method: Physicochemical properties and catalytic activity in processes based on MPV reduction

Sn0.5SiBEA and Sn2.0SiBEA zeolites obtained by two-step postsynthesis method were characterized by several physicochemical techniques (namely, NMR, Mössbauer, XPS, DR UV-vis and IR spectroscopies) and used in the study of Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction as well as with the subsequent reaction of etherification, that is, conversion of (i) cyclohexanone with 2-propanol, (ii) 4-methoxybenzaldehyde with 2-butanol, and (iii) HMF with butyl alcohols (1-butanol, 2-butanol or isobutanol). The results have shown that in the case of cyclohexanone, MPV reduction to cyclohexanol occurs on both Sn0.5SiBEA and Sn2.0SiBEA zeolite catalysts with a higher degree of conversion in the presence of Sn2.0SiBEA. For 4-methoxybenzaldehyde a tandem process was observed consisting of MPV reduction with 2-butanol to 4-methoxybenzylalcohol followed by its etherification with 2-butanol to 4-methoxybenzyl sec-butyl ether. Higher conversion of aldehyde was achieved on the catalyst with higher amount of tin. The zeolites were active in HMF conversion with butyl alcohols. However, a tandem process including MPV reduction with the next formation of furanic diether was achieved only in the presence of secondary alcohol at test conditions.

Effect of TiN Addition on 3Y-TZP Ceramics with Emphasis on Making EDM-Able Bodies

In this study, to produce electrically conductive ceramics, rapid hot press (RHP) sintering of 3 mol.% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and 3Y-TZP/TiN composites with TiN amounts of 25, 35, and 45 vol.% was performed at 1300, 1350, and 1400 °C. Interestingly, the toughness and hardness were improved in the presence of TiN up to 35 vol.% and maximum fracture toughness and hardness of 5.40 ± 0.05 MPa m1/2 and 14.50 ± 0.06 GPa, respectively, were obtained. However, the bending strength was decreased which could be attributed to the rather weak interfaces of nitride and oxide phases. Regarding the zirconia matrix, the effect of grain size on fracture toughness of the samples has been studied using x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis. It was also found that electrical resistivity decreased to the value of 6.88 × 10−6 Ω m at 45 vol.% of TiN. It seems the TiN grains form a network to impose conductivity on the ZrO2 body; however, below 35 vol.% TiN, due to lack of percolation effect, this conductivity could not be maintained according to FESEM studies. Finally, electrically conductive samples were successfully machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM).

Novel microwave-assisted synthesis of porous g-C3N4/SnO2 nanocomposite for solar water-splitting

Highly porous nanocomposites of graphitic-carbon nitride and tin oxide (g-C3N4/SnO2) were prepared through simple pyrolysis of urea molecules under microwave irradiation. The initial amount of tin was varied in order to investigate the effect of SnO2 content on preparation and properties of the composites. The synthesized nanocomposites were well-characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, BET, FTIR, XPS, DRS, and PL. A homogeneous distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles with the size of less than 10 nm on the porous C3N4 sheets could be obtained, suggesting that in-situ synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles was responsible for the formation of g-C3N4. The process likely occurred by the aid of the large amounts of OH groups formed on the surfaces of SnO2 nanoparticles during the polycondensation reactions of tin derivatives which could facilitate the pyrolysis of urea to carbon nitride. The porous nanocomposite prepared with initial tin amount of 0.175 g had high specific surface area of 195 m2 g−1 which showed high efficiency photoelectrochemical water-splitting ability. A maximum photocurrent density of 33 µA cm−2 was achieved at an applied potential of 0.5 V when testing this nanocomposite as photo-anode in water-splitting reactions under simulated visible light irradiation, introducing it as a promising visible light photoactive material.

Influence of H2 on the Oxygen-Assisted Dehydrogenation of Ethane over Al2O3-supported Pt–Sn Catalysts

The oxygen-assisted dehydrogenation of ethane at 650 °C shows that adding Sn to the Pt catalyst results in increased conversion and selectivity to ethylene. Even the smallest amount of tin (0.16 wt%) has a significant effect. The addition of tin also increases the stability of the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, in particular it reduces the amount of carbon or carbonaceous species. Adding hydrogen to the feed had a remarkable effect on the selectivity, but the conversion of ethane was almost unaffected for Pt–Sn catalysts. The selectivity to ethylene increased substantially and the selectivity to CO/CO2 decreased even for the smallest amount of tin used. Unexpected values for the selectivity to other compounds were also observed, in particular for the selectivity to acetylene. The importance of possible Pt–Sn alloys or the necessity of contact between Pt and Sn was studied using a physical mixture of Pt/Al2O3 and Sn/Al2O3. However, almost the same effect was obtained by using the physical mixture as with the co-impregnated sample, i.e. the Pt–Sn catalysts. Selectivity of ethylene for the monometallic catalyst, the physical mixture and the coimpregnated catalyst.

MoS2-TiN nanostructured electrodes fabricated using co-sputtering deposition method for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

For advanced high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a novel anode material with a high capacity needs to be developed. In particular, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with a layered structure consisting of S-Mo-S formed by van der Waals force exhibits a high theoretical capacity (1280 mAh g−1). In this study, MoS2-TiN electrodes were fabricated using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition method by which MoS2 and TiN sputtering targets could be individually controlled. As the RF power of the TiN target increased (20, 40, 60 W), the ratio of Ti in the electrodes increased and the ratio of Mo in the electrodes decreased. In particular, compared to pure MoS2, the MoS2-TiN with an optimum amount of TiN exhibited a high discharge capacity for 300 cycles and an improved high-rate cycling performance, i.e. an initial discharge capacity of 789.2 mAh g−1 with the maintained capacity of ∼700 mAh g−1 for 300 cycles. This demonstrates that TiN in the MoS2-TiN could reduce the volumetric variation caused by the conversion reaction of MoS2 and assist in the improvement of the electrodes.

Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Branicevo, Serbia

Strongly coloured glass vessels decorated with marvered threads of white glass are a wide-spread and popular, but rarely studied group of high-quality glassware of medieval Islamic origin. Relatively little is known about the composition and production places of these vessels, and their chronological range is not very well defined, as many of the published finds lack contextual evidence. Here, we present detailed chemical and microstructural data on a set of well-dated purple glass vessels decorated with white threads, excavated at the Mali Grad site in Branicevo, Serbia, in an archaeological context dated to the middle/second half of the 12th century AD. The set comprises at least sixteen different vessels, manufactured from two different batches of probably Levantine plant-ash glass coloured by manganese oxide. Significantly, the results demonstrate that these batches are correlated to particular vessel shapes. The base glass of the white threads is comparable to that of the purple vessel glass, but instead of being coloured by added manganese oxide, it contains considerable amounts of tin and lead oxides which provide the effect of opacity and white colour. No difference in composition can be seen between the white glass threads used to decorate the vessels from the two different manganese-coloured batches, thus indicating a likely common production origin of the whole set.

Tailoring of Morphology and Crystalline Structure of Nanoporous TiO2–TiO–TiN Composite Films for Enhanced Capacity as Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

We report a novel three-dimensional nanoporous TiO2–TiO–TiN (Np-TTT) ternary composite film with cylindrical pores of diameter ϕ30–50 nm and laminated tier thickness of 10–30 nm, which was fabricated straightforwardly on a Ti foil via a one-step anodization in an aqueous nitric electrolyte. The Np-TTT composite films consisted of amorphous TiO2 matrix, quasi-crystalline TiO, and a small amount of TiN (∼2 at% as N), which are formed simultaneously during anodization through electrochemical and/or chemical reactions in the nitric electrolyte. As a binder-free and auxiliary-component-free anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the capacity and rate performance of the Np-TTT anodes were dependent on both the anodizing conditions and crystalline structure. Particularly, the Np-TTT composite film (∼800 nm-thick) that was annealed at 250°C for 1 h exhibited the highest areal specific capacity of 440 μAh cm−2 at the 1st cycle, a high retention of 95% from the 2nd to the 50th cycles, and a Coulombic efficiency of approximately 100%. The enhanced capacities of the Np-TTT composite films can be primarily attributed to the synergetic effect of the inclusion of conductive TiN component in bulk TiO2 matrix films, the active TiO with quasi-crystalline cubic phase, and nanoporous structure with high surface area.

Effect of rapid Solidification on mechanical properties of free machining lead free aluminum alloys for improved machinability

There have been very few reports describing the free machining lead free aluminum alloys containing minimal amounts of tin and indium melt spun process. Our paper describes the effect of fundamental factors on the machinability of free machining lead free aluminum alloys rapidly solidified from melt. Structural and thermal properties have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Tensile test machine used in studies the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elastic constants, yield strength and critical shear stress for Al-Zn-Sn-In alloys. It is noticed that mechanical and thermal properties attributed to fine grained structure, reduced levels of segregation and presence of new intermetallic compounds (IMC) such as AlZn and SnZn due to high casting rate by rapid solidification processes. The determination of mechanical properties was suggested to be attributed to the gradual increase of α-Al crystals. We evaluated the tensile properties using tensile test machine of the melt-spun ribbons at varied stress-strain rates to determine the underlying deformation mechanisms .Critical shear stress (CSS) was also calculated .It was found that it is equal to 9.29 GPa for annealed ribbons at 262 0C for 9 hrs. The results showed that several combination of tensile strength ,yield strength ,elastic moduli can be generated from Al- 0.1wt% Zn-1.5 wt% Sn- 1.63 wt% In alloys before and after heat treatment at (262 0C for 3,6,9 hrs) to meet the needs of free machining aluminum alloy applications.

Mechanosynthesis of bcc alloys from Fe50−y/2Co50−y/2Sn y mixtures (2 ≤ y ≤ 33) and B2 ordering by annealing at modest temperatures

Elemental powder mixtures of Fe, Co and Sn of initial compositions Fe50−y/2Co50−y/2Sny(2 ≤y ≤ 26) are ball-milled at high-energy. They yield metastable alloys which are predominantly composed of a supersaturated bcc Fe-Co-Sn phase. The amount of tin dissolved in it is at least ˜15 at.% in the dynamical conditions of milling which were selected. A recently discovered stannide, CoSn5, passed hitherto unobserved in Co–Sn binary phase diagrams. It forms at Co-Sn interfaces at very short milling times, 0.5h, thanks to the high-diffusivity of cobalt in tin. Finally, neutron diffraction and 119Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy show that metastable B2 ordering develops in as-milled alloys, for y ≤ 26, when they are further annealed at modest temperature, here for 15h at 675K. The tendency to long-range order in ternary Fe-Co-Sn bcc alloys is thus observed in metastable alloys.

Electrodeposition of Cu-Sn alloys from a methanesulfonic acid electrolyte containing benzyl alcohol

Deposition of Cu-Sn alloys from a methanesulfonic acid electrolyte containing small amounts of benzyl alcohol was investigated. Polarisation experiments (cylic and linear sweep voltammetry) were carried out using a rotating disc electrode to identify the reduction and dissolution processes that take place in the system and to determine the effect of the solution constituents on them. Potentiostatic deposition was performed onto a rotating cylinder electrode and the resulting deposits were charactised using SEM and XRD. The results showed that co-deposition of copper and tin is possible even at potentials less cathodic than tin discharge potential. The latter was attributed to the underpotential deposition of Sn2+ on a copper substrate. Smooth and compact deposits were obtained at various deposition potentials and Cu2+ concentrations, with Sn contents between 1.6 - 62.4 wt.%. Several stable phases, such as pure copper, α-CuSn, ϵ-Cu3Sn and η′-Cu6Sn5 phase, were detected at different operating conditions. Finally, it was found that BA increases the amount of tin in the deposit when Cu2+ concentrations in the solution is kept low, especially at high overpotentials. This additive also inhibits the formation of dendrites and reduces surface roughness.

Titanium Oxynitride Thin Films with Tunable Double Epsilon-Near-Zero Behavior for Nanophotonic Applications.

Titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy) thin films are fabricated using reactive magnetron sputtering. The mechanism of their growth formation is explained, and their optical properties are presented. The films grown when the level of residual oxygen in the background vacuum was between 5 nTorr to 20 nTorr exhibit double epsilon-near-Zero (2-ENZ) behavior with ENZ1 and ENZ2 wavelengths tunable in the 700-850 and 1100-1350 nm spectral ranges, respectively. Samples fabricated when the level of residual oxygen in the background vacuum was above 2 × 10-8 Torr exhibit nonmetallic behavior, while the layers deposited when the level of residual oxygen in the background vacuum was below 5 × 10-9 Torr show metallic behavior with a single ENZ value. The double ENZ phenomenon is related to the level of residual oxygen in the background vacuum and is attributed to the mixture of TiN and TiOxNy and TiOx phases in the films. Varying the partial pressure of nitrogen during the deposition can further control the amount of TiN, TiOx, and TiOxNy compounds in the films and, therefore, tune the screened plasma wavelengths. A good approximation of the ellipsometric behavior is achieved with Maxwell-Garnett theory for a composite film formed by a mixture of TiO2 and TiN phases suggesting that double ENZ TiOxNy films are formed by inclusions of TiN within a TiO2 matrix. These oxynitride compounds could be considered as new materials exhibiting double ENZ in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges. Materials with ENZ properties are advantageous for designing the enhanced nonlinear optical response, metasurfaces, and nonreciprocal behavior.

A study of the metal matrix friction materials of hot pressing using Taguchi method

The effect of the different compositions of the copper matrix friction materials fabricated by hot press on the coefficient of friction and wear rate using Taguchi method was investigated. Besides, their wear mechanisms were studied as well. The metal matrix of the formula was Cu, Fe, Sn and Zn, the lubricant was graphite, and the friction modifier was SiO2. The experiment results showed that under the larger-the better for the coefficient of friction and the smaller-the better for the wear rate using Tachugi method, the best compositions for getting a best friction performance were 42wt%Cu-0wt%Fe-6wt%Sn-2wt%Zn-20wt%C-30wt%SiO2 with the coefficient of friction of 0.5–0.65 and wear rate below 1 × 10−7 cm3/kgf-m. The more proportion of copper amount in the copper matrix friction material showed the larger coefficient of friction and the smaller wear rate. Furthermore, the more amount of tin and silicon oxide displayed the better coefficient of friction and wear rate. The wear mechanisms for the copper matrix friction materials mainly showed abrasive wear, adhesive wear and mechanical fatigue.

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce furfural using heterogeneous catalysts

Furfural is a valuable chemical, the production of furfural from renewable biomass resources becomes more attractive in recent years. In this study, biomass fast pyrolysis with heterogeneous catalysts (titanium compounds (TiN, TiO2 and TiOSO4) and metal nitrides (MoN, GaN and VN)) for furfural production was investigated experimentally by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The measurement results indicated that TiN and GaN promoted the furfural compounds production notably mainly through direct decomposition of oligosaccharides. The formation of furfural was promoted when the amount of TiN was increased, and the yield of furfural formed was about 5.5 times the size of that from non-catalytic pyrolysis when TiN/cellulose mass ratio was 4. The furfural yield decreased when the pyrolysis residence time increased from 10 to 30s, which suggests competitive reactions (formation of 1, 6-anhydro-beta.-d-glucopyranose) against the formation of furfural. TiN, as a catalyst for fast pyrolysis towards furfural production, can be well applied to agriculture biomass residues. Comparing three biomass residues: corncob, wheat straw and cotton stalk, corncob showed higher furfural yield due to the higher holocellulose content, while wheat straw showed higher furfural selectivity.

Synthesis and microstructure of Ti2AlN ceramic by thermal explosion

Abstract Ti 2 AlN ceramic with a small amount of TiN was rapidly synthesized by the thermal explosion (TE) technique using Ti, Al and TiN as starting materials. The effects of the starting composition, the particle size of TiN and the compacts’ height on the phase composition and microstructure of obtained Ti 2 AlN ceramic were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that high purity Ti 2 AlN ceramic containing 4% TiN could be fabricated at 700 °C for 2 min with a molar ratio of 1.1:1.1:1(Ti: Al: TiN). It was further found that small particle size of TiN and compacts’ height of 2–8 mm were beneficial to obtain high purity Ti 2 AlN. Finally, the formation mechanism of Ti 2 AlN ceramic via thermal explosion was proposed.

Skarb z V okresu epoki brązu ze Strobina, gm. Konopnica w świetle badań metaloznawczych

The article is to describe the metal monuments discovered in position No. 2 in Strobin (commune Konopnica) in the light of metallurgical studies. This treasure dates back to the V Bronze Age by. A. Montelius (H B3 by P. Reinecke) and comes with a fortified settlement of the Lusatian culture.Article is divided into several parts. The first of these is explained differences and definitions related to metallurgical studies. In a further describes the main components of alloys made of tin bronzes. The main components of bronze alloy is tin and copper. It is also described how the amount of tin and copper affect the quality and mechanical properties of the alloy. There are also important alloying elements that reduce or increase the quality and strength of the alloy.The next section describe the metallurgical test methods such as X-ray that allows for finding the defects in the metal. Another method which allows to determine the chemical composition of the alloy is spectral analysis.The next section describes the analysis of metallurgy treasure discovered in Strobin in 1982. It contained fragments of pottery and bronze objects, such as sickles, bracelets, nodules, necklaces, rings, pendants and one bead. The last part is presented the summary and conclusions.

Degradation of Metal-Supported Cells with Ni-YSZ or Ni-Ni3Sn-YSZ Anodes Operated with Methane-Based Fuels

The most common solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material, nickel - yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), displays excellent catalytic properties for fuel oxidation and good electronic conductivity. However, nickel-based anodes can cause carbon deposition when hydrocarbon fuels are used [1]. Nickel catalyzes the formation of carbon filaments in the presence of hydrocarbons under reducing conditions, resulting in coverage of the active sites of the anode, and potentially also to dissolution, precipitation, and metal dusting [2]. It is possible to avoid carbon deposition if sufficient steam is present such that the rate of carbon removal is comparable to or faster than the rate of carbon deposition. However, there is a corresponding decrease in electrical efficiency associated with dilution of the fuel. Metals with electronic structures similar to that of carbon may form an alloy with nickel at the surface, thus reducing carbide formation, and as a consequence, coking [3]. Tin, for example, has been reported to reduce carbon deposition on a Ni-YSZ cermet when present in low amounts such as 1 wt.% of tin with respect to nickel [4,5]. However, volatilization of a metallic tin phase at SOFC operating temperatures may present a problem for long term operation. To increase the stability of tin-containing anodes, we fabricated Ni-Ni3Sn-YSZ anodes using a hybrid solution-precursor / suspension plasma spray (SPPS-SPS) process and compared them to nickel-YSZ anodes made using the same process parameters. Thermogravimetric analyses in a 4% CH4 (balance nitrogen) atmosphere showed that the presence of tin in the anode reduced the rate of carbon deposition. Furthermore, higher amounts of tin resulted in less coking. Ni-Ni3Sn-YSZ and Ni-YSZ anodes were incorporated into metal-supported SOFCs that consisted of a porous metal support (Sandvik Sanergy), samaria-doped ceria (SDC) barrier layer, anode as previously described, YSZ electrolyte, and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDC cathode. Cells were tested at 750°C with air as the oxidant and fuel consisting of 65% CH4, 32% H2, and 3% H2O. The cells were held at a current density of 0.15 A·cm-2 for 500 hours. The cell without tin in the anode began to degrade after approximately 200 hours and catastrophically failed at approximately 425 hours. After testing, we observed that the anode had disintegrated, and as a result, the electrolyte and cathode were completely detached from the metal support. On the other hand, the cell with an anode containing tin did not catastrophically fail, and the cell remained intact after 500 hours of operation. Over 500 hours, the cell potential degraded from 0.841 V to 0.743 V, and scanning electron micrographs showed that the anode had delaminated from the electrolyte in some areas. Nonetheless, the cell with the Ni-Ni3Sn-YSZ anode degraded significantly less than the cell containing a Ni-YSZ anode, suggesting that the addition of Ni3Sn to an anode could be a useful strategy for improving durability of SOFC anodes using hydrocarbon fuels.

Artillery and rigging artefacts from the Megadim wreck-site, Israel

Various artillery and rigging artefacts were retrieved from the Megadim wreck-site, Israel. The present research is aimed at determining the composition, microstructure and manufacturing processes of the objects, as well as their dating. Therefore, a multidisciplinary testing approach was applied, based on typology, metallurgical criteria, archaeobotanical analysis and 14C radiocarbon dating. Based on their typology, the three cannons found off Megadim were of Venetian origin. Metallurgical analysis of the three cannons revealed they were made of cast bronze, with tin (Sn) composition of 3.2–6.5wt%; and were most likely manufactured at the same European foundry. The chain links of the iron-bound deadeye were made of wrought-iron, manufactured by the bloomery process; and the forge-welding zone of the largest chain was located. Epi-illuminated and SEM analyses suggest that the deadeyes were made of Rhus coriaria, and the wads were made of Cupressus sempervirens and Pinus pinea. The largest breech chamber was made of cast leaded-bronze, probably manufactured of recycled alloys due to the low amount of tin. The other two chambers were made of wrought-iron, and based on their similar composition, were probably manufactured at the same workshop. Examination of the material extracted from the chambers suggests it was black powder. The bronze cannons were typologically dated to between the late 16th and the early 17th centuries. Based on the metallurgical criteria and the 14C analysis, it is suggested that all the objects were most likely manufactured before the middle of the 17th century. This research enhances our knowledge of the Megadim wreck-site, and provides better understanding of the manufacturing technologies of marine artillery and rigging elements in Europe between the late 16th and early 17th centuries.