Timor Research Articles

ETOS KERJA MASYARAKAT DAWAN DAN KORELASINYA DENGAN KONSEP KERJA MENURUT KARL MARX

This article pays attention to description of metaphysical and practical meaning of wisdom expression “meup onle ate, tah onle usif”, a cultural philosophy. In addition, this article also wants to describe the relevance of these local wisdom expressions in dealing with the reality of life for a tribe on the island of Timor, namely the Dawan tribe. The expression of wisdom or philosophy is closely related to work ethic. The work ethic of the Dawanese is decreasing day by day for various reasons. The article also uses working concept from Karl Marx as a colaburation o get deep meaning. The methodology used in this article is a literature methodology combined with phenomenological studies. This article basically wants to reveal the noble values ​​and operational values ​​of the philosophy in question. By looking at these two kinds of values, the author wants to make readers aware, especially the Dawanese, to have will to work because the authors finds that work is not just a matter of looking for food, but more than that, there is a metaphysical dimension behind work activity. The distinctive contributions of this article are inspiration as well as motivation to work hard in everyday life.

Exploration of the weaving activities in Timor Island for mathematics learning

The inclusion of ethnomathematical perspectives into the mathematics education of indigenous student is often described as being beneficial. Drawing on weaving activities from West Amarasi society in Timor Island, Indonesia, this paper examines the results from the exploration of mathematical concepts that exist and are practiced in this society. This is a descriptive exploratory with ethnographic qualitative approach research. Data were collected in March 2022 through observations, interviews, and documentation. Some indigenous people from Merbaun Village, West Timor, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, were participants in this research. The results showed that there were several ethnomathematics characteristics in the weaving activities of the West Amarasi society: counting, locating, measuring, designing, explaining, the use of implication logic, and estimating. It was also found mathematics concepts and ways of thinking such as the concept of multiplication as repeated addition, parallel of straight lines, geometric shapes, reflection, rotation, sizes and units, and logical implication. This finding can be used as a source of mathematics learning by teachers, researchers or mathematics education practitioners not only those local in West Amarasi but also in other similar places around the world.

Comparative advantages and factors affecting agriculture production and income in the food estate area on the Indonesia–Timor-Leste border

The Indonesian government has created a food estate area in Belu Regency, supported by the construction of the Rotiklot Dam, in the expectation that it would increase agricultural production and income, as well as stimulate the economy of the border region. The study aims to analyze (i) the comparative advantage of agricultural commodities in the food estate area and (ii) the effect of social characteristics and physical inputs on increasing farmers’ production and income in the food estate area in the border region. The data used consisted of primary data obtained from interviews with 300 respondents, selected through purposive sampling from a population of 4500, and secondary data from related agencies. The data analysis employed location quotient (LQ) and the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). Social input was reflected by 5 variables and physical input by 3 variables, while production was reflected by 6 variables and income by 7 variables. The LQ results show that maize and rice production in the food estate area is superior to other areas, and maize grows faster than rice crops. The comparative advantage is due to physical and social factors; based on the results of SEM-PLS, physical factors have direct and indirect effects on production and income, while social factors have an indirect effect on farmers' income through agricultural production. Expansion of the planting area by utilizing water from the Rotiklot Dam and increasing the motivation of farmers through input subsidies are needed to optimize the increase in farmers' production and income.

Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Pertumbuhan Belanja Modal Terhadap Fiscal Stress

This study aims to find out how the growth of PAD and capital expenditure of the regional government on the mainland of Timor Island are affected by budget pressure (fiscal stress). Quantitative research methods and statistical analysis were used in this study. The data used is secondary data in the form of document data as the main means of data collection. Some common methods used to analyze data are linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and the use of classical assumptions. The results showed that the growth of PAD PEMDA mainland island of Timor had a positive effect on fiscal stress, besides that the results also showed that capital expenditure had a negative effect on fiscal stress and simultaneously or simultaneously PAD and capital expenditure had an effect on fiscal stress.

The Analysis of Work Engagement and Self Efficacy Towards The Self-Development of Tourism Entrepreneur In Labuan Bajo and Timor Is-land

East Nusa Tenggara is a province that has great natural wealth and tourism potential. The enthusiasm tourists to visit tourist objects in NTT is quite large, seen from the increase in tourist visits every year. The current phenomenon of tourism turmoil in NTT creates many opportunities as well as threats to the sustainability the sustainable tourism industry in the future. A gap like this creates opportunities for human resources in tourism sector increase economic contribution to the region. One strategy that can be implemented is to encourage more business actors in the tourism sector and develop the self-capacity of business actors who already exist in the world of tourism. Apart from that, it is also important to increase the capacity and professionalism of human resources for tourism and the creative economy, so that the competitiveness of tourism in NTT can also increase. In an effort to maximize the achievement these goals, human resources (HR) are needed who have the competence, knowledge, ability, productivity and good performance. Efforts to meet the objectives increasing the capacity and professionalism maximum tourism human resources involve self-efficacy and strong work involvement from within the business actors. This study aims to analyze Work Engagement and Self-Efficacy in Self-Development Business Actors in the Tourism Sector in NTT. The research was conducted by studying the phenomena and entrepreneurial behavior the tourism sector in Labuan Bajo (a tourist city with the highest tourist visit rate in NTT) and Timor Island (an area with the second highest tourist visit rate).

Analisis Nukleotida dan Homologi Sekuens Fragmen Gen p72 (B646L) Virus African Swine Fever Virus (ASF) Asal Kota Kupang

African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important infectious disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). Despite not being zoonotic, this disease has the potential to severely affect the socioeconomic conditions in the impacted regions. The majority of pig farmers in Indonesia, particularly those in Kupang City, that raise pigs in backyards or on a small scale, experience the impact of ASF's effects. Early in 2020, the ASF cases were confirmed in Timor Island, including the Kupang City area in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province. The molecular information on ASFV in this area is still limited. In order to determine the homology and nucleotide analysis using BLAST NCBI, the ASFV p72 (B646L) gene fragment sequence from Kupang City was compared to ASFV p72 (B646L) gene segments from other parts of Indonesia and several other Asian countries. The results of nucleotide analysis and sequence homology of the original ASFV p72 (B646L) gene fragment from Kupang City showed a high level of homology to the ASFV p72 (B646L) gene fragment from West Java, North Sumatra, and several Asian countries. The findings from this study indicate that the source of ASF viral transmission across different regions may be comparable. Therefore, to prevent the dissemination of ASF, strict biosecurity measures must be implemented along with monitoring of animal and product transportation.

The Roles of Atambua Customs and Challenges in Dealing with Garment Smuggling in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border Area

Border areas are often the center of crime and tend to be dominated by issues of transnational crimes, including garment smuggling, mainly used clothes. This study aims to examine the strategy of the Indonesian government in dealing with garment smuggling at the border area between East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Timor Leste. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) accordingly exercises its essential role in supervising goods in and out of the border area between Indonesia and other countries. This article discloses that although Atambua Customs and Excise agency has conducted preventive and repressive approaches mainly by carrying out operations, patrols, and surveillance activities at the border area, the used clothes smuggling remains problematic due to officials’ practices of bribery and residents’ permissive actions. The authors use the concepts of transnational crime, garment smuggling, and border security by utilizing a qualitative method with a case study model. Primary data is collected from interviews with the Atambua Customs and Excise agency, and secondary data is collected from documents, books, and websites.

Eco-Friendly Digital Economy Philosophy on the Indonesia-Timor Leste Border

The people on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border are classified as poor and need to be empowered. Poverty is not due to a lack of natural resources but because the natural potential has not been optimally explored. President Joko Widodo has paid attention to the border area to be developed to grow a new economic point for the local people. This research method applies qualitative methods with a philosophical approach. Study findings indicate that the Indonesia-Timor Leste border area, especially Belu Regency is rich in environmentally friendly resources and digital economy that can be developed. An eco- friendly digital economy philosophy on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border can become a reference framework for implementing development at the border toward people’s welfare. The philosophy of an environmentally friendly digital economy can become a new thought innovation that drives the dynamics of development towards improving the economic quality of 600 thousand people for a better life. An environmentally friendly digital economy philosophy can be a solution to poverty in border areas to improve the welfare of the local community. This research provides a framework and recommendations for the Indonesian government to carry out development activities in border areas.

Field performance of one-year-old medicinal plant: Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) from stem cuttings in the tropical savanna region

The purpose of this study is to assess the field performance of the medicinal plant Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) Family Malvaceae in two home garden environments. The screw tree has been commercialized for the production of Jamu, an Indonesian traditional medicine. On Timor Island, however, this species has not yet been cultivated and is considered a weed. Using the t-student test, we compared and described the growth performance of a vegetatively propagated screw tree in two environments. According to field plantation, screw tree grows well in both home gardens, with a survival rate of 97% and 99% for home garden 1 and 2, respectively. For home garden1 and 2, the Increment growth diameter was 0.1 mm month−1 and 0.2 mm month−1, respectively, and increment height was 1.22 cm month−1 and 0.95 cm month−1. For home garden 1 and 2, the average diameter was 0.4 cm; 0.5 cm (P>0.05, ns) and height was 58 cm; 48 cm (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in diameter, but there is a significant difference in height between home garden 1 and 2. In home garden 1, 26% of the plants have begun to flower, compared to 13% in home garden 2. Farmers may benefit from vegetative propagation due to faster flowering and fruiting. Furthermore, the screw tree is most likely appropriate for agroforestry tree/shrub components.

First Record of the Genus &lt;i&gt;Atsabites&lt;/i&gt; Haniel (Paragastrioceratidae, Ammonoidea) from the Lower Permian of the Pamirs

All available data on the history of study and morphology of the exotic subfamily Atsabitinae Furnish, 1966, which includes only two genera of very rare paragastrioceratids from the Kungurian of the Tethyan Realm (Timor Island and South-eastern Pamirs) and the Wordian of Texas, are summarized and reviewed. The first find of a representative of the Kungurian genus Atsabites Haniel in the South-eastern Pamirs (Bolorian Stage, Kochusu Formation, Lower Subformation) is described. Previously, this genus was known only from the Bitauni Beds of Timor Island. The finding of representatives of the endemic Timorese genus Atsabites in the Boztere assemblage of the South-eastern Pamirs confirms the very close links that existed between these basins in the Early Permian.

Adsorpsi Ion Pb(II) Menggunakan Silika Berbasis Pasir Alam Takari-NTT

This article reported the adsorption of Pb(II) ions using silica extracted from the natural sand of Takari, Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur province. The silica was extracted using hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods. The extracted silica was then used for Pb(II) adsorption under several optimization conditions: pH, contact time, concentration, kinetic model, and adsorption isotherm. The determination of Pb(II) concentration used dithizone reagent, forming complexes, and then measured using Uv-Vis. The pH, contact time, and optimum concentration results were 7, 60 minutes, and 80 mg/L, respectively, with an adsorption capacity (qe) of 0.679 mg/g, 0.745 mg/g, and 18.096 mg/g. The kinetic model followed a pseudo-order-2 with R2 = 0.93, and the adsorption isotherm of Pb(II) metal ions followed the Temkin isotherm model. The results showed that the silica extracted from the natural sand of Takari of Timor island-Nusa Tenggara Timur could adsorb Pb(II) metal ions

KEBERAGAMAN SIFAT FISIK, KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN KADAR ASAM SIANIDA BEBERAPA KACANG ARBILA (Phaseolus lunatus L) TIMOR

Arbila beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) are one of the wild beans found on Timor Island . Local people utilize the beans even though they contain cyanide acid toxic . To underpin the nutritive as well as the toxic content of the bean, a study has been conducted using four types of the bean found in Timor i.e. red bean, black bean, white bean, and brown bean. The red bean has a middle size and looks a bit swollen; the black bean is a lengthy middle size; the white bean is also lengthy but looks flat; while the brown bean is a bit broad and enlarged. All bean types contain protein of about 17%, calcium 39-42.5 mg per 100 g; while the highest lipid content (10.86%) was found in the brown beans. Cyanide acid content was found very high in the black bean (244.71 ppm), on the contrary, its lowest content was found in the white bean (34.30 ppm). Keywords : Arbila bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) , nutritive value, cyanide acid.

Dari Barter sampai Monopoli: Perdagangan Cendana dan Pengaruh Eropa di Wilayah Timor Barat Abad Ke-18

The aroma of Timor sandalwood has attracted many traders from Asia and Europe to come to this region to get it. Because of its very high profit and selling value, Europeans began to compete to obtain large amounts of sandalwood. Therefore, the purpose of reconstructing the historical processes that occur related to this theme is very important to be exposed. So the question arises: How was the influence and dominance of Europeans about the sandalwood trading in West Timor in the 18th century? In order to obtain answers, the critical historical method is used as well as the use of primary and secondary sources and the study of relevant references. Thus, it is a fact that, with the increasingly bustling sandalwood trade, Timor is included in the world trade network. But on the other hand, it caused discord among Europeans. Each of them instills influence and dominance in order to control this sandalwood-producing area. So the Europeans implemented a political intervention aimed on the economical monopoly, because sandalwood which was originally a trading commodity for the local community was then controlled by European powers. The result of this dispute was the division of the island of Timor into two parts.

Recent population size of Timor Friarbird and resources utilization at three landscapes in West Timor Island, Indonesia

The Timor Friarbird is an endemic species of Timor Island that plays an important role in forest ecosystems, agriculture and other natural environments in the semiarid region. Although classified as an endemic species and declining population, the bird is protected by Indonesian law. This study aims to assess the density, group size, and population distribution of Timor Friarbird and resource uses in three landscape at Western Timor. Distance sampling methods with transect lines was used to estimate population density and bird distribution. The highest estimated bird population density (3.31 ind./ha) in the Baumata landscape and lowest (0.15 ind./ha) in Bipolo. Individual sizes per group of 1-4 individuals in all landscapes. Utilization of distributed feed resources in the main area, secondary and low potency area. The distribution of species in the rainy season is higher found in low-lying, higher dry seasons in lowlands. High anthropogenic pressures and changes in dominant habitats in the low-lying west Timor Island contribute to the rate of population decline of this species thus impacting crop productivity and conservation efforts of this species in the future.

Impacts of banana blood disease outbreak to the farmers’ households food security in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Bananas are cultivated everywhere in Indonesia, including in the dryland areas of East Nusa Tenggara. In the province, diferrent banana cultivars are cultivated for different purposes. Well adapted the dry climate, Musa ABB Pisang Kepok is the most widely cultivated in the province, including in Sumba Island where it is known locally as Pisang Marmi. Unfortunately, despite its ability to adapt to dry climate, this banana cultivar is susceptible to most destructive disease of banana, especially to blood diseaae of banana (BDB). It was not surprising that when an outbreak of this disease took place in the island in early 2000s, it was this banana cultivar that was suffered the most. This article was based on a research project conducted in 2019, aimed at determining impacts caused by the outbreak to local economy, especially to food security, and understanding responses of the local governments to the outbreak. The study employed a mixed method approach, in which data were collected through a survey by interviewing 63 farmers, community leaders, and government officers. The resulting quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, whereas the qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis. Results of the analysis indicated that the BDB outbreak severely impacted the local food security in particular and the local economy in general. The outbreak was still ravaging, kept spreading, destroying bananas in the island, especially the Musa ABB Pisang Kepok known locally as Pisang Marmi. The district government where the outbreak first started did take the necessary control measures. However, such control measures was taken too late after the disease had spread out throughout the district, allowing the disease to spread further East destroying bananas in the hree other districts. In addition, the participation of local farmers in controlling the disease was low because lack of information, limited available resources, and governance regime that far from collaborative, not too mention adaptive. Who finally suffered the most were small-scale farmers whose food and income depended heavily on bananas. The kept-spreading disease posed similar threats to farmer is nearby islands of Flores and Timor.

LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF GURU DI WILAYAH PEDESAAN PULAU TIMOR

The purpose of this research is to find out the teacher's perspective on digital literacy in the rural areas of Timor Island. The research approach is qualitative with descriptive method. Research informants are school principals, teachers and students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, document studies, questionnaires. Data Analysis Techniques consist of 3 streams of activities that are carried out simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion/verification. The results of the study are that the diverse perspectives of teachers regarding digital literacy in schools have a low impact on the implementation of digital literacy at SDN Balfai, Kupang Regency. Out of a total of 29 teachers, there were 23 (79%) teachers who had not participated in digital literacy training activities, 6 teachers who had participated in digital literacy training activities (21%) The difference in perspective was the result of various problems in implementing digital literacy in schools, namely: First, the low level of teacher understanding of digital literacy is influenced by the lack of digital literacy training for teachers. Second, apart from that, the weak managerial role of school principals in formulating work programs to implement digital literacy in schools results in the absence of digital literacy programs. Third, the low role of the teacher in implementing school digital literacy. Fourth, online learning activities carried out during the Covid -19 pandemic have not had an impact on digital literacy habits for teachers and students.

Analysis of the Quality of Natural Dyes in Weaving Exposed to Sunlight Using MSE and PSNR Parameters

It is widely assumed that natural dyes in weaving degrade in quality when exposed to sunlight for an extended period. This indication is visible to the naked eye. There is currently no standard for evaluating the quality of natural dyes. The Boti tribe's weaving on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, is one type of weaving that uses natural dyes. The dye is made from corn flour and a combination of "nobah" leaves and the bark of the "bauk ulu" tree (from the local language). White (from corn flour) and blue-black are the colors produced by dyeing the yarn. The purpose of this research is to examine the image quality of the Boti tribe's woven fabric. The parameters used were Means Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise (PSNR), and RGB values. The image of the weaving used as a reference is compared to the image of the sun-dried weaving. The image capture distance was 30 cm, and the cropped RGB image size was 423x623x3. The experimental method was used in the research. The drying time was one hour, and it was repeated every hour between 10:00 and 15:00 local time. The sun-dried images were photographed, and parameter comparisons were performed for analysis. The results demonstrated that the MSE and PSNR methods were effective in measuring the image quality of weaving dyed with natural dyes. The average value has changed by 8.42% for the R-value, 8.58% for the G value, and 9.68% for the B value. The average PSNR for RGB images is 9.44288 dB, and the MSE is 7477.52. For grayscale images, the average PSNR is 10.52 dB and the average MSE is 5832.06.

Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Sirih Timor (Piper betle L.) Penghasil Antibakteri

Indonesia has a wealth of various types of plants that are useful as traditional medicinal plants. One of the medicinal plants that are often used by Indonesian people, especially on the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, is betel plant (Piper betle L.). Isolation of endophytic bacteria using the scratch method and the scatter method. The results of the isolation obtained 9 isolates. The results of the characterization of 9 isolates had round colonies, small, medium, large, flat elevation, and clear white color. The results of the bacterial test showed that 3 isolates had the potential as antibacterial, namely: SDE01, SAE03 and SBE04 isolates. Of the three isolates, SBE04 isolates had inhibition zone diameters of 1.7 and 1.35 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Key words: antibacterial; endophytic bacteria; characterization; P. betle.

Magnetotellurics study of Atambua area, West Timor, Indonesia

Timor Island, located in the eastern Indonesian archipelago, has a complex tectonic evolution causing complex geological structures. Many hypothetical tectonic models are proposed mainly based on regional geological and geophysical data. Available geophysical data to support geological study at a more detailed scale are still very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to map the sub-regional subsurface geology in Atambua, West Timor, and its surroundings by using the magnetotelluric (MT) method. The estimated geo-electrical strike direction from the phase tensor analysis confirmed the regional Southwest - Northeast general structural orientation. The dimensionality analysis also showed the validity for 2D approximation in that direction. The subsurface resistivity models from 2D inversion of the MT data at representative lines perpendicular to the regional structural direction delineate the primary sequences and their boundaries from their resistivities. They are, from top to bottom, Viqueque and Bobonaro sequences, Kolbano sequence, Kekneno sequence, and the basement dominated by rocks with Australian affinity. These main rock formations represent the regional sedimentary depositional fill resulting from the major tectonic events on Timor Island.

PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERASASKAN PENGETAHUAN TEMPATAN TANAMAN FALOAK (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

This paper aims to disclose the relationship of local wisdom owned by the Timor Island community, especially the city of Kupang and the competence that must be possessed by an educator who wants to combine science learning in elementary school with local wisdom. The method used is the literature review through reviewing related reference in the form of theory and research findings in scientific articles. The result obtained shows that the local knowledge can be integrated into modern natural sciences (IPA) learning in elementary school. The steps that the teachers may use in applying local potential in natural sciences (IPA) learning material in elementary school can be carried out by adjusting to the framework of the sociocultural study of education. The integration process of local wisdom in natural sciences teaching can be done by cultivating and a combination process. The expected benefit is to make natural sciences (IPA) more interesting to be studied at the elementary school level and to facilitate students to describe the concept of modern natural sciences (IPA) by applying the local knowledge around the school environment or residence