Time Of Emergence Research Articles

A philosopher in times of emergency

O ensaio visa expor as reflexões de Olgária Matos sobre o estado de exceção. A partir disso, inicia seu percurso discorrendo sobre a origem do conceito de modernidade, cunhado pela primeira vez por Charles Baudelaire, e como este explicita a emergência da sociedade burguesa e as relações socias no capitalismo nascente. Nesse ínterim, verifica-se o lado sombrio do primeiro protótipo da modernidade, o Esclarecimento, representado pela imagem das luzes. Nesse aspecto, o sentido secundário (militar) do conceito de esclarecimento, como “reconhecimento do inimigo”, nos proporciona alcançar os resquícios do passado tidos como barbárico e superados pelo próprio processo civilizacional realizado pela modernidade. O arbítrio do rei no absolutismo é superado pelo conceito abstrato de soberania e do estado de exceção. Num processo próprio da modernidade, o que era concreto se desfaz em pura abstração, mas abstração esta capaz de produzir resultados concretos ainda piores dos que perpetrados antes pelos mandos e desmandos do rei. A modernidade compreendida como estado de exceção em permanência redunda na luta acirrada de um capitalismo de rapina, em que os indivíduos se digladiam pelo botim e despojos da carnificina. Eis o estado de exceção geral da sociedade, que, na verdade, conforme Benjamin, não passa da regra. Resta-nos como saída a recordação dos momentos em que o verdadeiro Estado de exceção começou a ser deflagrado, pois através da recordação se reativa a esperança de se instaurar um verdadeiro Estado de exceção, o qual se constitui nas palavras de Olgária, a sociedade sem classes.

Mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health of frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

BackgroundMindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) appear to be effective for improving the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, the effectiveness of MBIs on extreme psychological trauma caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is largely unknown. The aim of this paper was to systematically review empirical studies of MBIs for HCPs carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate them and their effectiveness in different areas of mental health.MethodsThe electronic databases searched were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The date when each database was last searched was September 15, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and non-randomized non-controlled trials (NRNCTs) focused on MBIs for health care staff who were working in healthcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. All of them employed standardized measures of mental health. The review followed the best practices and reported using PRISMA guidelines. A data collection form, adapted from the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, was used to extract and synthesize the results. The methods used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies were the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the ROBINS-I Tool.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was moderate. The results showed the effectiveness of MBIs in improving levels of stress, mindfulness, and mental well-being. However, no conclusive results were found regarding the effectiveness of MBIs in improving the levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and resilience of HCPs.ConclusionsThe MBIs for HCPs carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic have mainly contributed to improving stress, mindfulness, and mental well-being at a time of serious health emergency. However, more robust studies at a methodological level would have been desirable.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021267621

Studies of certain parameters affecting two parasitoid species, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), on egg host, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera)

BackgroundTwo Trichogramma spp., Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were studied to control one of the most cereal pests attacking various grains, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera). Experiments were carried out to evaluate S. cerealella egg-ages, parasitoids’ emergence time and cold storage host eggs on rearing the two tested parasitoids’ spp.ResultsThe age of S. cerealella eggs had significantly influenced the parasitization and adult emergence rates of the two parasitoid species. Parasitism rate resulted from old host eggs (32 h old) (44.93%) decreased than those of the fresh ones (2 h old) (95.85%). Emergence rate ranged between (62.64–97.85%) for T. evanescens and (62.90–95.54%) for T. bactrae from different S. cerealella egg-ages (0–32 h). Regardless to late emerged parasitoids, their population affected. T. evanescens parasitized rate ranged (73.79–95.06%), which comparatively lower than those of T. bactrae (88.81–96.90%), at parasitoid emerging times (0–64 h), respectively. Emergence times had significantly differences in the emergence rate of T. evanescens and/or T. bactrae. On the other hand, percentage of parasitism of the non-stored S. cerealella eggs was higher than the other cold-stored ones. The emergence rate of adult parasitoids, T. evanescens (66.00–91.16%) and T. bactrae (71.16–94.11%), was decreased at the cold storage durations (5–40 days) increased. In comparison to the tested biological aspects between the two parasitoid species, non-significant differences were recorded, at the three assessment parameters, which include host egg-ages, parasitoid emergence time and cold-stored eggs. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between F1 emerged rates for T. evanescens and T. bactrae obtained at each of the three tested parameters.ConclusionIt was concluded that low emergence time of the parasitoids, T. evanescens and T. bactrae, was relatively more effective when they parasitized the fresh egg-age and less cold storage periods of S. cerealella.

Reduction of Colorado potato beetle damage by various organic mulches

IntroductionThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) is a major threat to potato crops in Europe, Asia, and America. In Europe, it is expected that climate change will cause the species to expand its range northwards and allow for an additional generation per year in regions where it is already established. The effectiveness of insecticides, a common method of control, is decreasing due to the emergence of resistance to several substances. Therefore, research into alternative measures is becoming increasingly necessary. One preventive measure that has already been shown to have great effects in past studies is the use of organic mulch. For organic mulching, conserved or freshly cut plant material is spread on the field usually when the potato emerges. Previous research has mainly used cereal straw for this purpose in plots that are relatively small compared to actual agricultural fields. Materials and methodsTo address the lack of large-scale field trials in the literature, a series of on-station and on-farm field trials were conducted in this study. Organic, legume-rich mulches were used primarily, which so far have not been extensively investigated. Over a period of four years and in a total of six field trials, CPB and larval infestations were assessed. Results and discussionOur results show effects on the initial infestation of young plants by adult CPB and on the emergence time of the first two larval stages. By the time of flowering, when the feeding effect of CPB on yield is known to be greatest, L3 and L4 larvae were reduced by about 30% in the on-station trials and by about 40% in the on-farm trials. In addition, when CPB larval stages were used to calculate a weighted daily leaf consumption per stage, total calculated leaf consumption was on average about 40% lower in the mulch treatments across all sampling dates and all trials. The recorded yields were equal or higher in the mulched treatments. In conclusion, organic mulching can effectively reduce CPB damage even on a large scale and can have a positive impact on yield. Further agronomic benefits of mulching, as well as drawbacks and putative mechanisms of action, are discussed.

Disparities in the Care Disruption During COVID-19 and in its Impacts on the Mental and Physical Well-Being of Cancer Survivors.

Our study explores cancer care disruption among different demographic subgroups. It also investigates these disruptions' impacts on cancer survivors' mental and physical well-being. Pooled cross-sectional survey data. Health Information Trends Survey for Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, HINTS-SEER. n = 1234 cancer survivors participated in the study and completed the survey. Outcome variables were treatment disruption in cancer care, mental health and physical health perceptions, age, race, education, income, and sexual orientation. Multiple imputations were used to address missing data. Descriptive statistics were conducted to understand the perceptions of care disruption. Partial least squares structural equation models were employed for data analysis, adjusted for socio-demographics. COVID-19 impacted cancer treatment and follow-up appointments (69.45%), routine cancer screening (60.70%), and treatment plans (73.58%), especially among elderly patients. It changed the interactions with health care providers (HCP) for 28.03% of the participants. Older adults were 2.33 times more likely to experience treatment appointment disruptions. People who thought their contact with their doctors changed during COVID-19 were more likely to be older adults (65 or more) (OR = 3.85, P = .011), white (OR >1, P = .002), and with higher income (OR = 1.81, P = .002). The changes to cancer treatment and follow-up medical appointments negatively impacted the well-being of the patients (mental: β = -.006, P = .043; physical: β = -.001, P = .006), routine screening and preventative care visits (mental: β = -.029, P = .031; physical: β = -.003, P = .008), and cancer treatment plans (mental: β = -.044, P = .024; physical: β = -.021, P = .040). Our findings underscore the crucial requirement for implementing focused interventions aimed at alleviating the discrepancies in the accessibility of cancer care across diverse demographic groups, particularly during times of emergency, in order to mitigate any potential disruptions in care.

Evaluation method investigation of public decontamination time in off-site nuclear emergency under the influence of human factors

Decontamination is an important means to reduce the personnel radioactive contamination under sever nuclear accidents. Public decontamination time estimation with the process simulation is helpful for emergency organizations to improve efficiency. To date, most studies focus on improving personal decontamination technology and decontamination strategies, while research on the overall decontamination process and time estimating is limited. Due to the complex population structure, the unknown contaminated proportion and the complicated psychological emotions, it is hard to quantify the decontamination process and calculate the decontamination time with numerous procedures and diverse facility configurations. Combined with public contaminated proportion, crowd structure and waiting psychology, a public decontamination model based on queuing theory and system dynamics method is established for offsite nuclear emergency to simulate the decontamination process and give an estimate of decontamination time. A hypothetical nuclear leakage accident of Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant in Hainan, China is conducted to simulate the established model. The results show the working status of different facilities at different stages and the changes in waiting queues at different times, which can effectively calculate the duration time of each link and the overall public decontamination progress. A plan for adding devices is provided to meet the decontamination time requirements and control the number of waiting queues within the specified threshold efficiently. The method proposed in this paper could help nuclear emergency decision-makers estimate the public decontamination time, optimize site configuration plans, give guidance on public decontamination procedures and prepare for the subsequent nuclear emergency evacuation.

Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) have historically resulted from zoonotic spillover of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Central Africa and clade II MPXV in West Africa. In 2022, subclade IIb caused a global epidemic linked to transmission through sexual contact. Here we describe the epidemiological and genomic features of an mpox outbreak in a mining region in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, caused by clade I MPXV. Surveillance data collected between September 2023 and January 2024 identified 241 suspected cases. Genomic analysis demonstrates a distinct clade I lineage divergent from previously circulating strains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Of the 108 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed mpox cases, the median age of individuals was 22 years, 51.9% were female and 29% were sex workers, suggesting a potential role for sexual transmission. The predominance of APOBEC3-type mutations and the estimated emergence time around mid-September 2023 imply recent sustained human-to-human transmission.

Anthropogenic Intensification of Cool‐Season Precipitation Is Not Yet Detectable Across the Western United States

AbstractThe cool season (November–March) of 2022–2023 was exceptional in the western United States (US), with the highest precipitation totals in ≥128 years in some areas. Recent precipitation extremes and expectations based on thermodynamics motivate us to evaluate the evidence for an anthropogenic intensification of western US cool‐season precipitation to date. Over cool seasons 1951–2023, trends in precipitation totals on the wettest cool‐season days were neutral or negative across the western US, and significantly negative in northern California and parts of the Pacific Northwest, counter to the expected net intensification effect from anthropogenic forcing. Multiple reanalysis data sets indicate a corresponding lack of increase in moisture transports into the western US, suggesting that atmospheric circulation trends over the North Pacific have counteracted the increases in atmospheric moisture expected from warming alone. The lack of precipitation intensification to date is generally consistent with climate model simulations. A large ensemble of 648 simulations from 35 climate models suggests it is too soon to detect anthropogenic intensification of precipitation across much of the western US. In California, the 35‐model median time of emergence for intensification of the wettest days is 2080 under a mid‐level emissions scenario. On the other hand, observed reductions of precipitation extremes in California and the Pacific Northwest are near the lower edge of the large ensemble of simulated trends, calling into question model representation of western US precipitation variability.

Investigating the Potential of Hyper-Temporal Terrestrial Laser Point Clouds for Monitoring Deciduous Tree Growth

Abstract. Monitoring tree growth processes is relevant for ecological research and understanding the intricate relationship between vegetation and the environment. Time series analyses have revealed a correlation between leaf emergence timing and climate change, with earlier leaf emergence attributed to global warming. While traditional forest inventory methods struggle to quantify growth processes on small scales, terrestrial laser scanning provides a powerful alternative for providing high-resolution 3D information. This study explores the use of high-frequency hyper-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data to quantitatively describe deciduous tree growth, tested on a pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The research aims to address key questions about detecting leaf growth in hypertemporal terrestrial laser scanning data. Additionally, it explores how 3D tree parameters and point cloud comparisons capture leaf and tree growth throughout the year. Results from M3C2 point cloud analyses indicate that the temporary branch movements correlate with precipitation. Over the year, branch movements were detected to increase with growing distance from the trunk.

Association between Time to Emergent Surgery and Outcomes in Trauma Patients: A 10-Year Multicenter Study.

Background: Research on the impact of reduced time to emergent surgery in trauma patients has yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between waiting emergent surgery time (WEST) and outcomes in trauma patients. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study used data from the Tzu Chi Hospital trauma database. The primary clinical outcomes were in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) of ≥30 days. Results: A total of 15,164 patients were analyzed. The median WEST was 444 min, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 248-848 min for all patients. Patients who died in the hospital had a shorter median WEST than did those who survived (240 vs. 446 min, p < 0.001). Among the trauma patients with a WEST of <2 h, the median time was 79 min (IQR = 50-100 min). No significant difference in WEST was observed between the survival and mortality groups for patients with a WEST of <120 min (median WEST: 85 vs. 78 min, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that WEST was not associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17-6.35 for 30 min ≤ WEST < 60 min; aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.22-5.70 for 60 min ≤ WEST < 90 min; and aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.13-2.74 for WEST ≥ 90 min). Conclusions: Our findings do not support the "golden hour" concept because no association was identified between the time to definitive care and in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and prolonged hospital stay of ≥30 days.

Nitrate-Induced Headache Response in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Ectasia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Abstract Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), while being considered a variant of atherosclerosis, harbors distinct features that significantly differ from atherosclerosis in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms. On the other hand, headache appears to be the most common side effect of nitrates that have been used traditionally for decades. In this context, we aimed to compare the frequency and temporal characteristics of nitrate-induced headache (NIH) between subjects with sole coronary artery disease (CAD) and subjects with CAD and coexisting CAE. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four patients who had undergone coronary angiogram (CAG) and received a single dose of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate during the procedure comprised in this retrospective study population. CAG is performed in the indications due to guidelines. All patients who had undergone CAG were held under close supervision, at least, for 6 h following CAG (and administration of sublingual nitrate); duration and emergence time of NIH were recorded for all patients. Of these 244 patients, 225 patients having sole CAD were assigned to Group I, whereas 19 patients having both CAD and CAE were assigned to Group II. Results: NIH was observed in 19 out of 225 patients (8%) with sole CAD and in 9 out of 19 patients (56%) with CAD and CAE (P = 0.003). The mean interval between the administration of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and NIH onset was significantly lower in Group II in comparison to Group I (44 ± 14 min vs. 87 ± 63 min, respectively, P = 0.018). However, the duration of NIH was comparable between the two groups (Group I: 203 ± 53 min vs. Group II: 173 ± 61 min, P = 0.24); logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between NIH and CAE (odds ratio: 11.5, 95% confidential interval: 3.9–33.8, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that sublingual nitrates might induce NIH more frequently in subjects with CAE and CAD in comparison to those with sole CAD. Furthermore, NIH has been demonstrated to be independently associated with CAE.

Understanding COVID-19-Related Behaviors, Worries, and Attitudes among Chinese: Roles of Personality and Severity.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people exhibited various forms of adjustments. This study examines how situational factors (i.e., the severity of COVID-19) and individual differences (i.e., the HEXACO traits) affect one's COVID-19-related responses regarding behaviors (i.e., mask-wearing and hoarding), worries (i.e., worrying about infecting and spreading COVID-19), and attitudes (i.e., discrimination and empathy toward people infecting COVID-19) in China. With a sample of 927 participants, our results show that the severity of COVID-19 was predictive of all the responses, and its predictive value was more pronounced relative to personality traits. Concerning the association between personality traits and responses, Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness were predictive of one's behaviors, Emotionality was predictive of one's worries, and almost all the HEXACO traits were associated with one's attitudes toward people infected with COVID-19. This study sheds some light on understanding how situations and individual differences shape one's responses in a time of emergency.

Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer

Relaxation dynamics of complex many-body quantum systems trapped into metastable states is a very active field of research from both the theoretical and experimental point of view with implications in a wide array of topics from macroscopic quantum tunnelling and nucleosynthesis to non-equilibrium superconductivity and energy-efficient memory devices. In this work, we investigate quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in the electronic superlattice of a quantum material using time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and unveil a crossover from temperature to noisy quantum fluctuation dominated dynamics. The process is modeled using a programmable superconducting quantum annealer in which qubit interconnections correspond directly to the microscopic interactions between electrons in the quantum material. Crucially, the dynamics of both the experiment and quantum simulation is driven by spectrally similar pink noise. We find that the simulations reproduce the emergent time evolution and temperature dependence of the experimentally observed electronic domain dynamics.

Association of parent-reported timing of first tooth emergence and ECC: a secondary analysis of a case-control study.

Tooth eruption is a dynamic process. Appearance of any part of the cusp through gingiva may be a clinical marker of eruption. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parent-reported timing of first tooth emergence and ECC in toddlers. This study is a secondary data analysis of 627 toddlers involved in a case-control study on sleep-time feeding practises in children. The children were categorised into four groups based on the parent-reported timing of first primary tooth emergence (G1-when the first primary tooth emerged before 6months of age, G2-between 7 and 9months; G3-10 to 12months and G4-when the first primary tooth emerged after 12months of age). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between timing of first tooth emergence and ECC. The mean age of the children was 24.4 ± 7.3months (cases, that is children with ECC-25.4 ± 6.9months, controls, that is children without ECC-23.6 ± 7.5months). Of 60 children, whose first tooth erupted before 6months of age, 35 (12%) were cases compared to 25(8%) controls. Amongst the cases, boys had more caries than girls (p < 0.05). Of the anterior teeth, 22% of the emerged teeth were decayed in the first group, followed by 19%, 16% and 10% in the second, third and fourth groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Analysis of the posterior teeth showed a lower percentage of decayed teeth with delayed emergence of the first primary tooth (p < 0.05). Children whose teeth emerged before 6months of age had an odds ratio of 3.5 (95% CI 1.49, 8.42) (p = 0.004). This study concluded that the early emergence of the first primary tooth, as reported by the parent, was associated with an increased risk of developing ECC.

Assessing the Home Range, Foraging Pattern and Roost Fidelity of Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) in a Semi-Urban Environment

Radio telemetry is a method used in wildlife ecology to examine the movements and behaviours of animals, as well as to define their home ranges and habitat preferences. Bats, a highly diverse group of mammals, are recognized for their essential contributions to ecosystems, including seed dispersal, pollination, and pest control through their foraging activities. This study utilised radio telemetry to explore the basic foraging behaviours, range of movement, and roosting flexibility of the Cynopterus sphinx species. A total of 15 bats were equipped with compact, hand-wired, two-stage transmitter radio devices, including two harem males, nine harem females, and four non-harem males. Three groups used TRX-1000S receivers and collapsible 5-element Yagi antennas to track these radio-tagged bats. Our findings indicate that the radio-tagged female bats were the first to leave their roosts, with emergence times between 18:15 and 19:18 hrs. In contrast, harem males emerged last, following the quicker departure of non-harem males. The harem males covered an average foraging distance of 2.4 km (±0.3 km), whereas non-harem males travelled further. Both male and female bats visited multiple feeding sites nightly, with females travelling an average distance of 4.5 km (±0.9 km). Time spent at foraging sites varied among individuals. Males show higher roost fidelity than females, who frequently move between harems and roost sites. The study highlighted gender-specific differences in emergence times and distinct foraging behaviours, underlining the importance of understanding these patterns for conservation and habitat management efforts, which are crucial for supporting bats' roles as providers of ecosystem services.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KINETIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SUBKULTUR PISANG KEPOK TIMBATU SECARA IN VITRO

Kepok Timbatu bananas are a local food source that is not yet popular in the community. These bananas are rich in nutrients and contain high levels of starch. However, they are rarely cultivated and not widely found, resulting in a limited supply of planting materials. Therefore, propagation through in vitro culture, particularly during the subculture stage, is necessary. This study aimed to determine the best kinetin concentration for the in vitro growth of Kepok Timbatu banana subcultures. The study was designed a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, testing kinetin concentrations in MS medium at four levels: k1 = 3 mg L-1, k2 = 5 mg L-1, k3 = 7 mg L-1, and k4 = 9 mg L-1. Observations in this study include time of browning appearance, browning percentage (1-6 weeks after subculture), time of shoot emergence, number of shoots (1-6 weeks after subculture), time of root emergence, number of roots (3-6 weeks after subculture), number of leaves (3-6 weeks after subculture), and shoot height. The results showed that the kinetin concentration did not significant effect on all observed variables.

Teaching under an orange sky: Toward reimagining educational purpose on a damaged planet

I begin with an assumption that there are intersectional relations among education, humans, cyber technologies, and nature, and assert that an expansive understanding of formal educational purpose is needed in the twenty first century. Drawing on Biesta’s (2009) three domains of educational purpose (qualification, socialization, and subjectification), I examine how posthuman, decolonial, and ecofeminist insights manifest in each domain. I employ Haraway’s concepts of kin-making and thinking-with as a methodological approach, using personal narrative to bridge theory and practice. By establishing “theoretical alliances” with diverse thinkers, scholars, and communities, I aim to challenge traditional individualistic and hierarchical approaches to philosophy in environmental education, fostering a more interconnected practice of living and learning in a time of ecological emergencies. Qualification is reconceptualized to include understandings that provide space for unknowing and mystery. Socialization is reimagined to include kin-making processes, while subjectification entails grappling with the difficult emotions surrounding ecological breakdown.

Determination of essential oil components of Ammi L. genus in Türkiye and their effects on some storage pests

Effects of essential oil components obtained by hydrodistillation of Ammi genus members (Ammi majus L., Ammi visnaga L. (Lam.)), which have important chemical and active components were investigated against two important storage pests; fig borer Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A total of 23 and 14 components were detected in A. majus and A. visnaga, respectively, and the product yield was found to be 96.05%, 82.53%. Among them, the major components for A. majus are 2 heptadecanone, benzoic acid, 2 pentadecanone while for A. visnaga they are linalol, nonadecane, carvacrol. Essential oil of A. visnaga extended the adult emergence times in E. kuehniella and C. cautella while the increase in pupation time was found statistically significant only in E. kuehniella. A. visnaga essential oil reduced the adult life span in E. kuehniella at the highest dose while a decrease was detected in both doses applied in C. cautella. Adult weight and number of eggs decreased due to the application of A. visnaga in both insects. Also, alterations were observed in the adult emergence, pupation time, and pupal period. In E. kuehniella and C. cautella, adult life spans, weights and egg production of females showed statistically significant decreases depending on the application of A. majus essential oil. The findings obtained within the scope of the current study reveal that the essential oils of A. majus and A. visnaga species have the potential to be used in the control of storage pest insects.

The Timing of Detectable Increases in Seasonal Soil Moisture Droughts Under Future Climate Change

AbstractGlobal warming exacerbates the increase of soil moisture drought by accelerating the water cycle, posing potential threats to food security and ecological sustainability. The design of drought prevention and mitigation policies should be based on the reliable detection of the future change signal in droughts, so it is critical to know when the signal can be detected (Time of Emergence, ToE) in the background noise of the climate system. While the ToE framework has been successfully applied for temperature‐related signal detection, the ToE for changes in drought has not been well studied. Based on 66 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 model ensemble members under four Shared Socio‐economic Pathways, we conduct a global ToE analysis of seasonal soil moisture drought characteristics and discuss the impact of different warming levels. Six subregions with robust increase in soil moisture droughts are identified. For drought frequency, most of the subregion's ToE is centered around 2080, however for drought intensity it is much earlier and can even reach around 2040 in AMZ. For drought frequency and drought intensity, approximately 14%–22% and 47%–49% of global land areas would reach ToE in 21st century. The global land areas with ToE of increasing droughts would increase by at least 1/5 when global warming level is kept to 2°C rather than 1.5°C above pre‐industrial conditions. This suggests that limiting global warming can significantly delay the emergence time of increases in seasonal soil moisture droughts, allowing additional adaptation time for the drought‐related sectors.

Effect of BAP concentration on the growth of several types of rambutan plants (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in vitro

Abstract In vitro seed propagation is needed as an alternative to providing superior rambutan planting material. This research aimed to examine the effect of BAP on the growth of several varieties of rambutan in vitro. The method used was a completely randomized design with 2 factors, the first factor was rambutan varieties (binjai, rapiah, and ace), and the second factor was BAP concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 ppm). There were 12 treatment combinations and 3 times replications. Variables observed was analyzed using analysis of variance followed by 5% Duncan’s Multiple Range Test and other data (leaf emergence time, number of leaves, root emergence time, number of roots, and root length) were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the combination of 0 ppm BAP and binjai variety gave the best results on the shoot length, number of leaves, and number of roots. The 0 ppm BAP treatment gave the best results on the number of shoots, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots, and root length. Binjai variety treatment gave the best results on the time of shoot emergence, shoot length, time of leaf appearance, number of leaves, time of root appearance, and number of roots.