Time Research Articles

Comparison of occlusal settling, patient compliance, and retention ability between hawley’s and van der linden retainers – A randomized controlled trial

To compare occlusal settling, patient compliance, and retention ability between Hawley’s and Van Der Linden retainers. Randomized, Parallel-Group, Active Controlled Trial. Randomization and allocation to the particular trial group was done through a lottery system. A total of 72 subjects were randomly assigned in both the groups- Hawley's retainer group (HL) (n = 36) and Van Der Linden group (VL) (n = 36). Each subject was given a removable maxillary retainer and a fixed bonded lingual mandibular retainer. Impressions were recorded on three different time spans i.e. at the time of retainer delivery (T0), 3 months later (T1), and post 6 months of retention (T2). Bite registration records and questionnaire evaluation were taken at time intervals T1 and T2. Each time assessments were performed from the cast by Little's Irregularity Index (LII), Inter Canine Width (ICW), and Inter Molar Width (IMW). Patient compliance was gauged with the help of a Questionnaire. The occlusal settling, patient compliance, and retention ability were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Both groups showed a rise in the number of total contacts (5.39 in HL and 2.42 in VL), and true contacts (6.89 in HL and 4.64 in VL), whereas near contacts declined (-1.53 in HL and 2.22 in VL) at T2. Post 6 months, the difference in LII, ICW, and IMW were slightly higher for VL than HL. This proved the better retention ability of the HL group. Patient compliance determined with the questionnaire showed that overall compliance was greater with HL than with VL. In the course of 6 months of retention, the total near contacts were reduced in both retainers but the total (True + near) contacts elevated, which suggests both retainers facilitated occlusal settling. Changes in values of LII, ICW, and IMW were not significantly different for both groups during T2, which proved the retention ability of both retainers. Patient compliance increased as patients wore either of the retainers, but they were more comfortable with HL.

Future changes in rainfall variability for the mainland Indochina southwest monsoon

Researching future changes in rainfall variability is critical for mitigating the possible effects of global warming, especially in areas where vulnerability is high, such as Indochina. While changes in mean and extreme rainfall have received a great deal of attention, rainfall variability has been poorly researched, despite its importance. We endeavored to determine the anticipated changes in rainfall variability during the mainland Indochina southwest monsoon (MSWM) by utilizing data derived from 5 ensemble models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Employing band pass filtering techniques on daily rainfall data, we discerned variability across an expansive spectrum of temporal scales. Our research indicates that, in the event of global warming, the variability in MSWM rainfall is expected to increase by approximately 10-25% throughout the whole region. Notably, this increased unpredictability appears uniformly throughout a wide range of time intervals. Changes in average rainfall significantly aid in explaining the majority of the intermodal variance in the predicted MSWM rainfall variability. To gain further insight into this phenomenon, we examined the effects of elevated atmospheric moisture content through the estimation of modifications resulting from idealized local thermodynamic enhancement. We showed that increased atmospheric moisture, as suggested by the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, accounts for most of the predicted changes in rainfall variability at all time scales.

Coral Moroccan biodiversity after the End-Triassic mass extinction

Each new coral-bearing outcrop found in Lower Jurassic strata is useful to understand the evolution of corals between the end-Triassic mass extinction and the Toarcian anoxic event. Here we provide new taxonomic data on corals issued from fieldwork on four outcrops from the region of Amellagou, in the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. A set of 157 coral specimens have been collected from a small biostrome, a giant reef and two olistholiths, spanning from Hettangian – Sinemurian time interval to Early Pliensbachian. These corals are distributed in 14 families, 22 genera and 27 species. Among these species, two are new: Lepidophyllia (Heterastraea) microcalix sp. nov., represented enough to allow a population study and Paracuifia castellum sp. nov. The study extends the last appearance datum of several genera known only in the Triassic till now, namely: Parastraeomorpha, Araiophyllum, Paracuifia, Pinacophyllum and, possibly, Paravolzeia. For this reason, the severity of the end-Triassic mass extinction is questioned in comparison to the extinction events that happened around the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary. For this reason, moreover, the phyletic discontinuity between some Triassic and Jurassic taxa is also addressed. Some Lazarus taxa known from Triassic and Pliensbachian remain absent in Hettangian and now, at a lesser degree, in Sinemurian. That is why we assume that the absence of these taxa is only due to the poor preservation of coral environments during these times. This study also changes our view on the first appearance datum of several genera that were known in Jurassic strata, namely: Proleptophyllia, Vallimeandropsis and, possibly, Lochmaeosmilia. A special attention is given to the distribution of colonial arrangements and points to the important proportion of cerioid and solitary corals. Additionally, the study highlights the existence of significant proportions of thamnasterioid and meandroid forms. The presence of corals with such a level of integration, together with the occurrence of two species that show platy to ramose transition in their colony shape, namely Hispaniastraea murciana and Chrondrocoenia clavellata, stresses the effectiveness of a photosymbiosis in these Early Jurassic coral communities. Lastly, the proportion of solitary specimens increased over time, revealing the uniqueness of coral assemblages during the Pliensbachian.

Effects of cypermethrin on morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of Cicer arietinum (Fabales: Fabaceae)

Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is a widely employed pesticide in large-scale commercial agriculture and domestic settings to control pests and boost crop yields. Despite its effectiveness in controlling pests, concerns persist about the potential ecological and human health impacts associated with its use. In the present study, the impact of cypermethrin on different parameters, including growth indices, pollen morphology and pollen fertility, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, was investigated in Cicer arietinum L. The results showed that plants exhibited decreasing trends in plant height, number of branches, pods, and seeds per plant as cypermethrin concentrations increased. These changes resulted in significant reductions in the overall yield of the plants. The percentage of wrinkled pollen significantly increased with higher concentrations of cypermethrin and longer exposure durations. Exposure to cypermethrin showed significant variations in pollen fertility of C. arietinum at different concentrations and time intervals in comparison to control, which had a baseline pollen fertility of 79.12% ± 4.59. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of C. arietinum were considerably affected by cypermethrin, indicative of potential disturbances in essential photosynthetic processes crucial for plant health. Further, with increasing concentrations of cypermethrin ranging from 100 mg/L to 500 mg/L, noticeable effects were observed on H2O2− scavenging, MDA concentration, SOD and CAT activities of C. arietinum in dose-dependent manner. Further, it was found that the duration of exposure and concentration of cypermethrin played a crucial role in exacerbating these detrimental effects. The findings of the present study raise concerns regarding the harmful effects of agricultural pesticides like cypermethrin and highlight the need for more research on the nutritional value of products derived from plants and seeds exposed to these agents.

Parametric Quantile Autoregressive Conditional Duration Models With Application to Intraday Value‐at‐Risk Forecasting

ABSTRACTThe modeling of high‐frequency data that qualify financial asset transactions has been an area of relevant interest among statisticians and econometricians—above all, the analysis of time series of financial durations. Autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models have been the main tool for modeling financial transaction data, where duration is usually defined as the time interval between two successive events. These models are usually specified in terms of a time‐varying mean (or median) conditional duration. In this paper, a new extension of ACD models is proposed which is built on the basis of log‐symmetric distributions reparametrized by their quantile. The proposed quantile log‐symmetric conditional duration autoregressive model allows us to model different percentiles instead of the traditionally used conditional mean (or median) duration. We carry out an in‐depth study of theoretical properties and practical issues, such as parameter estimation using maximum likelihood method and diagnostic analysis based on residuals. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation study is also carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed models and estimation method in retrieving the true parameter values as well as to evaluate a form of residuals. Finally, we derive a semiparametric intraday value‐at‐risk (IVaR) model and then the proposed models are applied to two price duration data sets.

Comparing conventional and action video game training in visual perceptual learning

Abstract Action video game (AVG) playing has been found to transfer to a variety of laboratory tasks in visual cognition. More recently, it has even been found to transfer to low-level visual "psychophysics tasks. This is unexpected since such low-level tasks have traditionally been found to be largely “immune” to transfer from another task, or even from the same task but a different stimulus attribute, e.g., motion direction. In this study, we set out to directly quantify transfer efficiency from AVG training to motion discrimination. Participants (n = 65) trained for 20 h on either a first-person active shooting video game, or a motion direction discrimination task with random dots. They were tested before, midway, and after training with the same motion task and an orientation discrimination task that had been shown to receive transfer from AVG training, but not from motion training. A subsequent control group (n = 18) was recruited to rule out any test–retest effect, by taking the same tests with the same time intervals, but without training. We found that improvement in motion discrimination performance was comparable between the AVG training and control groups, and less than the motion discrimination training group. We could not replicate the AVG transfer to orientation discrimination, but this was likely due to the fact that our participants were practically at chance for this task at all test points. Our study found no evidence, in either accuracy or reaction time, that AVG training transferred to motion discrimination. Overall, our results suggest that AVG training transferred little to lower-level visual skills, refining understanding of the mechanisms by which AVGs may affect vision. Protocol registration The accepted stage 1 protocol for this study can be found on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/zdv9c/?view_only=5b3b0c161dad448d9d1d8b14ce91ab11. The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 01/12/22. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZDV9C

Methods and Evaluation of AI-Based Meteorological Models for Zenith Tropospheric Delay Prediction

Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) is a significant error source affecting the accuracy of certain space geodetic measurements. This study evaluates the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based meteorological models, such as Fengwu and Pangu, in estimating real-time ZTD. The results from these AI models were compared with those obtained from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis (ERA5), and the third generation of the Global Pressure–Temperature data model (GPT3) to assess their accuracy across different time intervals, seasons, and geographic locations. The findings reveal that AI-driven models, particularly Fengwu, offer higher long-term forecasting accuracy. An analysis of data from 81 stations throughout 2023 indicates that Fengwu’s 7-day ZTD forecast achieved an RMSE of 2.85 cm when compared to GNSS-derived ZTD. However, in oceanic regions and areas with complex climatic dynamics, the Fengwu model exhibited a larger error compared to in other land regions. Additionally, seasonal variations and station altitude were found to influence the accuracy of ZTD predictions, emphasizing the need for detailed modeling in complex climatic zones.

Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the fixed plumb line for postural and scoliosis assessment in the sagittal plane: a pilot study

Background The plumb line (PL) is a common tool for assessing the sagittal curvatures of the spine, but its accuracy depends on the ability of the physician to use it correctly. This study aimed to present a fixed plumb line (FPL) no longer held by a physician but fixed to a support, evaluating the reliability in posture assessment, comparing it with PL in both adolescent with and without scoliosis. Methods The study evaluated the sagittal distances of the spine using a PL and a FPL in 80 young adults aged between 28.7 ± 7.2 and 55 adolescents aged between 12.4 ± 2.3, with and without scoliosis. Two expert and two novice clinicians tested the patients to evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of FPL. Each clinician assessed participants twice on the same day, with a predetermined time interval (>1 h) to reduce recall bias. Multi-factor multivariate analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance assessed the statistical significance, while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) validated FPL consistency. Results FPL provided an ICC coefficient >0.90 for all the measures, while PL an average of 0.70. On AIS patients, PL and FPL showed a significant difference for C7 p < 0.001 and T12 p < 0.001. The measured parameters were sensitive to gender and age for the FPL, furthermore, the C7 and L3 measurements were statistically different between PL and FPL (p < 0.001). Intra-rater reliability results for FPL ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 across various parameters, while the SEM and MDC values underscore the valuable precision of the FPL with changes exceeding 1 cm being meaningful. These findings suggest that FPL could be a reliable and accurate tool for measuring sagittal distances of the spine in both scoliotic and non-scoliotic patients.

Numerical Simulation of the Horizontal Water-Entry Process of High-Speed Vehicles

Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and VOF multiphase flow model, a numerical model of horizontal water-entry of the vehicle was established, and the numerical method was verified by experimental results. The cavitation characteristics, fluid resistance, and motion of the vehicle under different conditions were studied during the vehicle’s water-entry process. The results show that the cavitation process can be divided into the cavity development stage, saturation stage, and collapse stage. With the increase in initial velocity and mass of the vehicle, more water vapor will be generated during the water-entry process. The initial velocity of the vehicle had a limited effect on the resistance coefficient. The resistance coefficient in the stable stage remained almost unchanged for vehicles with different masses. Nevertheless, the time interval of the stable stage was shortened, and the resistance coefficient was greater in the gradually increasing stage for the vehicle with a smaller mass. For vehicles with higher initial velocity or smaller mass, the instantaneous velocity decreased faster after it entered the water. The vehicle with a streamlined design was able to reduce the generation of water vapor and decrease fluid resistance and its coefficient, and the vehicle can run farther during the water-entry process.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials add to the power of established parameters such as poor cognitive performance, dsyosmia and APOe genotype to predict cognitive decline over 8 years in the elderly

AbstractAlzheimer’s dementia is the main cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 65, with Alzheimer’s disease starting presumably 10–15 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is therefore important to recognize dementia at an early stage and identify possible predictors. The existing methods, like different parameters of ß-Amyloid and Tau quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the living brain by measure of PET, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, the present study investigates the predictive value of a battery of clinical, neuropsychological, and blood parameters as well as two neurophysiological methods (functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS] and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials [VSEP]) which are easy to perform, less invasive and cost-efficient, for developing cognitive impairments in the elderly.In this longitudinal, prospective study, we enrolled 604 healthy participants between 70 and 77 years of age. The participants were invited back after a mean time interval of 3 years and 11 months, and after 7 years and 8 months, and their cognitive impairments were determined.Here we show that the development of cognitive impairments after approximately 8 years can be predicted not only by previously known risk factors such as ApoE4 risk alleles, dysosmia, or poor cognitive performance at baseline but that latency prolongation in the VSEP and altered functional activation patterns measured by NIRS at baseline also provide additional predictive value.We therefore suggest that both neurophysiological parameters, VSEP and NIRS, should be included in future studies, investigating the prediction of dementia.Dementia ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224326.

The Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Sealing Ability of Root Canal Filling Materials

ABSTRACT Background: The performance of root canal filling materials in sealing is crucial for the effectiveness of endodontic procedures as it prevents the escape of microorganisms and guarantees the durability of the treatment. Materials and Methods: The present in vitro investigation included the preparation of 90 human single-rooted teeth using a standardized process. These teeth were then randomly separated into three groups (n = 30) according to the obturation technique: Group A (Lateral Compaction), Group B (Thermafil), and Group C (Continuous Wave of Condensation). Furthermore, each group was separated into two subgroups based on the specific kind of root canal filling material employed: Subgroup 1 (Gutta-Percha) and Subgroup 2 (Resilon). The sealing capacity was evaluated using a dye penetration technique, with measurements conducted at three specific time intervals: 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the obturation process. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using analysis of variance and post hoc tests to identify significant differences across groups. Results: The findings showed that the Continuous Wave of Condensation method (Group C) had the lowest dye penetration, with an average depth of penetration of 1.2 mm. The Thermafil technique (Group B) followed closely with a penetration depth of 1.8 mm, while the Lateral Compaction technique (Group A) achieved a penetration depth of 2.5 mm. In terms of sealing ability, Gutta-Percha demonstrated superior performance compared to Resilon, achieving average penetration depths of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05), with the Continuous Wave of Condensation approach utilizing Gutta-Percha showing the highest level of sealing effectiveness. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Continuous Wave of Condensation approach showed a substantial improvement in the sealing efficacy of root canal fillings when compared to the Lateral Compaction and Thermafil procedures.

Abstract 4137243: Dynamic changes of pericoronary fat attenuation index predicting changes of coronary plaque burden

Background: Percent atheroma volume (PAV) is a validated index of coronary plaque burden, linking to adverse cardiac events. Meanwhile, pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) image is a novel prognostic marker of coronary inflammation. Research Questions: It is unknown the impact of coronary inflammation (i.e., FAI) on the progression of coronary PAV in patients at an increased risk of adverse cardiac events. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent at least two clinically indicated CCTA examinations (time interval > 1 year) at our center were potentially eligible for enrollment. Eligible patients presented with more than one study plaque, defined as non-obstructive stenosis at baseline and not being intervened during serial CCTA. Longitudinal CCTA images were assessed for FAI and compositional plaque characteristics (e.g., PAV) using dedicated post-processing softwares. The relationships between changes in FAI and progression of compositional PAV were examined using the logistic and linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 204 T2DM patients (mean age, 61.2 ± 9.3 years; male, 68.1%) with 366 study plaques were enrolled. All patients were treated with statins, and their time interval between longitudinal CCTAs was 14.1 (12.9, 17.6) months. Compared with patients with improved coronary inflammation (ΔFAI ≤ 0), those with deteriorated coronary inflammation (ΔFAI > 0) had lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol and baseline FAI, whereas higher blood pressure (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to patients with ΔFAI ≤ 0, those with ΔFAI > 0 had more Δoverall and Δnon-calcified PAV (all p < 0.05). Importantly, these findings were consistent in a dedicated propensity score matching analysis. In logistic regression analysis, ΔFAI > 0 was associated with annual progression of overall PAV and non-calcified PAV, whereas ΔFAI ≤ 0 associated with annual regression of overall PAV and non-calcified PAV after adjusting for cardiac risk factors, baseline PAV and medications (all p < 0.05). Similarly, in linear regression analysis, changes of FAI were independently positively associated with annual changes of overall PAV (β=0.545, p< 0.001) and non-calcified PAV (β=0.461, p< 0.001) (Figure 1). Conclusion: In this longitudinal CCTA study, changes of coronary inflammation are closely correlated with changes of overall and non-calcified PAV among T2DM patients treated with statins.

Abstract 4136550: In-hospital cardiac arrest can be detected by Innovative smart healthcare syste

Background: Predicting in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is crucial for preventing patient fatalities. However, it remains challenging due to the irregularities in time series data across various features. Previous studies relied on traditional medical scoring systems, but their accuracy was limited as the models were overly simplistic. Recent research using machine learning methods has shown improved results. In our work, we employ deep learning and time series approaches, which are considered the most powerful models for addressing complex problems in recent years. Method/Research Design: The cohort study took place in a hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 to August 2022, involving 252,000 patients in general wards. Input data encompassed basic information, vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, medication, etc., to predict IHCA occurrences within 24 hours. Given the immediacy of IHCA events, we utilized left alignment to handle time series. Evaluation metrics included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: We compared three types of settings. The first was based on scoring systems, where the national early warning system (NEWS) achieved an AUROC of 0.756, and the modified early warning score (MEWS) reached 0.653. In the next setting, based on the data summary within a given time interval, the machine learning models XGBoost and deep learning model TabNet achieved AUROCs of 0.863 and 0.839, respectively. This indicates that machine learning outperforms traditional medical methods. The final setting involved time series analysis, where XGBoost and the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) network achieved 0.848 and 0.904, respectively, surpassing all previous settings. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that learning-based methods outperform rule-based methods in predicting IHCA events. Machine learning algorithms offer more possibilities and have the potential to address complex problems effectively. Moreover, considering time series data rather than summarizing within fixed intervals preserves information and leads to better scores. Leveraging the time series deep learning method, GRU shows promising potential in significantly reducing the risk of IHCA events.

Nasoseptal Flap Reuse for Reconstruction in Revision Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

Abstract Introduction The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is the “workhorse” for reconstruction in endoscopic skull base surgery. It creates a reliable, watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The flap's robust vascular pedicle allows for it to be taken down and reused in subsequent reconstructive surgeries if needed. Previous literature has demonstrated successful reuse of the flap up to 24 months after initial surgery. The present study analyzes a cohort of patients with NSFs that were reused up to 12 years following the initial surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery for recurrent tumor at a tertiary academic skull base center. Patient demographics, tumor type, length of time between first and second surgery, and outcomes were evaluated. Results A total of 15 patients were identified between 2012 and 2022 who underwent revision endoscopic skull base surgery with previous NSFs that were reused for reconstruction. The time interval between surgeries ranged from 9 months to 12 years. There were 12 pituitary adenomas, 2 Rathke's cleft cysts, and 1 craniopharyngioma. One patient developed a CSF leak 5 days postoperatively, which was repaired with an abdominal fat graft, synthetic dural substitute, and a middle turbinate flap. The operative technique for the take-down and reuse of the NSF will be demonstrated. Conclusion The NSF can be taken down and reused in revision endoscopic skull base cases, even several years after the initial surgery, with excellent coverage of the defect and low incidence of postoperative CSF leak.

Differences in Time of Birth between Spontaneous and Operative Vaginal Births.

Previous studies have identified an association between obstetric interventions and the time of day in which they are performed; however, they do not account for granular variations in the temporality of delivery interventions, which is influenced by both health care providers and resource availability. We sought to assess differences in time of birth among spontaneous vaginal births (SVBs) versus operative (forceps- and vacuum-assisted) vaginal births (OVBs). This cross-sectional study used birth certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System from 2016 to 2021, which includes the time of birth and delivery method for recorded U.S. births. The number of SVBs and OVBs at each minute was normalized relative to the total births within each delivery group to facilitate balanced comparisons between groups. Logistic regression analysis assessed the odds of OVBs per time of day. A total of 15,412,129 subjects who underwent vaginal birth were included in this analysis, 690,905 (4.5%) of whom underwent OVBs. Compared to births at other time intervals, those between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. were more likely to be OVBs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.14). Conversely, births between 3:00 and 6:00 a.m. were less likely to be OVBs (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.86-0.88). After adjusting for adjusting for maternal age, gestational age, and induction of labor, births between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. remained more likely to be OVBs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08-1.10) and births between 3:00 and 6:00 a.m. remained less likely to be OVBs (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.90-0.92). In this population-based study, we identified temporal differences between SVBs and OVBs with increased use of instrumentation during the late afternoon and reduced use in the early morning. These findings prompt further investigation into the indications for OVBs and root causes of these temporal variations, which are likely multifactorial and involve provider and resource availability. · This study identifies temporal differences between SVBs and OVBs.. · Compared to SVBs, operative births are more likely in the late afternoon.. · OVBs are also less likely in the early morning.. · These temporal trends suggest the influence of provider and resource availability..

Robustness of quantum chaos and anomalous relaxation in open quantum circuits

AbstractDissipation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the fate of chaotic quantum many-body dynamics. Here, we show that chaos can be robust against dissipation but can also assist and anomalously enhance relaxation. We compute exactly the dissipative form factor of a generic Floquet quantum circuit with arbitrary on-site dissipation modeled by quantum channels and find that, for long enough times, the system always relaxes with two distinctive regimes characterized by the presence or absence of gap-closing. While the system can sustain a robust ramp for a long (but finite) time interval in the gap-closing regime, relaxation is “assisted” by quantum chaos in the regime where the gap remains nonzero. In the latter regime, we prove that, if the thermodynamic limit is taken first, the gap does not close even in the dissipationless limit. We complement our analytical findings with numerical results for quantum qubit circuits.

Abstract 4137107: The Impact of Race in the Evaluation Process for Advanced Heart Failure Therapies

Introduction: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in heart failure therapy and heart transplantation have been well described. Potential racial disparities during the evaluation process for advanced heart failure (AHF) therapies is not well understood. We examined whether there were differences by race in the evaluation process for heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Methods: Adult patients who underwent heart transplant or LVAD evaluation between May 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2022 at the University of North Carolina Medical Center were included. Logistic regression models assessed whether approval for heart transplant listing or LVAD implantation differed by race. The multivariate model adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, LVEF, RV function, and substance use. Secondary outcomes assessed included the time between critical points in the evaluation process: first clinical encounter with an AHF specialist, evaluation initiation, and final decision. Results: The study cohort included 611 patients (304 non-Hispanic Black patients, 307 non-Hispanic White patients). Black patients were younger than White patients (52.4 vs. 60.7 years), less male-predominant (65.5% vs. 81.4%), with less ischemic cardiomyopathy (16.8% vs. 58.3%, all p<0.05). There was no significant difference in approval for advanced therapies between Black and White patients (unadjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [0.90-1.72]; adjusted OR 0.98 [0.64-1.48]). Male sex was associated with a higher likelihood of approval for AHF therapies (adjusted OR 1.55 [1.02-2.36]). Age (OR 0.98 [0.96-0.99]) and creatinine (OR 0.66 [0.53-0.82]) were associated with a lower likelihood of approval for AHF therapies. Black patients had a significantly longer time interval from the first AHF specialist encounter to the initiation of evaluation for AHF therapies (median 45.5 vs. 14 days, p <0.01), and from the initiation of the evaluation process to the final decision (25.5 vs. 14 days, p <0.01). Conclusions: Male patients had a greater approval rate for advanced heart failure therapies. Black and white patients did not have significantly different approval rates for LVAD implantation or listing for heart transplantation. However, the evaluation process was longer for black patients. Further work is needed to investigate which factors contribute to these racial and sex differences in the evaluation and approval process for advanced heart failure therapies.

Real-time ocean wave prediction in time domain with autoregression and echo state networks

This study evaluates the potential of applying echo state networks (ESN) and autoregression (AR) for dynamic time series prediction of free surface elevation for use in wave energy converters (WECs). The performance of these models is evaluated on time series data at different water depths and wave conditions, including both measured and simulated data with a focus on real-time prediction of ocean waves at a given location without resolving for the surrounding ocean surface, in other words, short-time single-point forecasting. The work presented includes training the models on historical wave data and testing their ability to predict phase-resolved future surface wave patterns for short-time forecasts. Additionally, this study discusses the feasibility of deploying these models for extended time intervals. It provides valuable insights into the trade-offs between accuracy and practicality in the real-time implementation of predictive models for wave elevation, which are needed in wave energy converters to optimise the control algorithm.

Abstract Su904: The association between base excess on arrival at the hospital and neurological outcome of adult out-hospital cardiac arrest: observational study

Background: The relationship between base-excess (BE) values, which take into account the time interval from cardiac arrest to blood test, and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between BE on arrival at the hospital and neurological outcomes in OHCA patients. Methods: The CRITICAL study, a prospective, multicenter observational study in Osaka, Japan, registered consecutive OHCA patients who were transported to 16 participating critical care centers from 2012 to 2021. We included adult patients aged 18 years with witnessed OHCA whose BE values on hospital arrival was available, and divided patients into quartiles based on BE values of initial blood test on arrival at the hospital: Q1 (BE ≤ −21.1 mmol/L), Q2 (−21.1 < BE ≤ −15.7 mmol/L), Q3 (−15.7 < BE ≤ −10.4 mmol/L), and Q4 (BE > −10.4 mmol/L). The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category scale 1 or 2. Results: A total of 23,854 patients were registered, and 6,066 of them were eligible for analyses. Neurologically favorable outcome was the lowest in the Q1 group (3.2% [49/1,528]), followed by the Q2 (4.7% [70/1,493]), Q3 (9.8% [148/1,515]), and Q4 (23.5% [359/1,530]) group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of Q1 compared with Q4 for one-month favorable neurological outcome was 0.13 (95% CI 0.090–0.18). The proportion of one-month favorable neurological outcome decreased progressively across decreasing quartiles (p for trend < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, there was an interaction between presence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before blood test and neurological outcome (p for interaction < 0.001). The neurological outcome worsened as the BE values decreased among those who achieved ROSC before the blood test (p for trend < 0.001), but not in those without ROSC (p for trend = 0.078). There was not a significant interaction between BE values without ROSC before blood test and time from witness to blood test (p for interaction = 0.501). Conclusions: We demonstrated that lower BE values at hospital arrival were associated with worse neurological outcome. The BE values may be one of the effective prognostic indications for neurological outcome, especially in OHCA patients with ROSC before hospital arrival.

Abstract Su605: Return of Spontaneous Circulation after Transport with Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Is Transport Always Futile?

Introduction: Despite validated Termination of Resuscitation (TOR) rules for Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) some OHCA patients are transported prior to Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC), sometimes with long transport times. There are certain therapies unavailable in the prehospital setting which could make transport prior to ROSC beneficial for some OHCA patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that longer transport times for patients with ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) would be associated with progressively lower probability of achieving ROSC. Aims: To determine if there is a transport time interval beyond which ROSC becomes so unlikely that transport time could be determinant factor for TOR. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of the 2020-2022 NEMSIS national prehospital dataset. We included adult OHCA patients that did not have ROSC prehospital, were transported to the hospital, and had outcome and timestamp data available. We calculated transport time for each encounter and stratified encounters into 5-minute transport time intervals. We defined our outcome as ROSC after transport. We used multivariable logistic regression evaluating the association between 5-minute increases in transport time and ROSC. We performed a secondary analysis of patients that met termination of resuscitation (TOR) criteria (unwitnessed OHCA with no CPR or AED placement prior to EMS arrival). Results: Of 1,409,692 OHCAs, we included 137,957 OHCAs that were transported without prehospital ROSC. The median transport time was 8.9 minutes (IQR 5.4-13.8), and 17,957 (13.1%) had ROSC after hospital arrival. In 5-minute intervals from 0-30 minutes, ROSC rates were 13.5%, 13.1%, 12.0%, 11.1%, 12.1%, and 13.9%. Odds of ROSC per 5-minute increase in transport time was 1.00 (95% CI 1.00-1.00). For patients that met field TOR criteria, rates of ROSC for each 5-minute interval from 0-30 minutes were 9.2%, 8.7%, 7.6%, 5.9%, 6.1%, 4.2%, 7.5%. Odds of ROSC per 5-minute increase in transport time was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98). Conclusion: In this dataset we were unable to identify a transport time interval up to 30 mins beyond which transport is futile, even in patients who were transported despite meeting the universal TOR rule. Decision to transport based on case-by-case OHCA characteristics could have influenced results. Further research is needed to identify the subset of patient in whom transport prior to ROSC may be beneficial.