Use Of Working Time Research Articles

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТы ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛьЗОВАНИЯ ТРУДОВых РЕСУРСОВ И АДАПТАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛА

The effectiveness of human resource management is a fundamental factor in improving the efficiency of the organization. Personnel management and the use of human resources is characterized by a purposeful impact on the personnel of the organization, which is an open system. Improving the efficiency of human resource management and personnel adaptation is directly related to the development of abilities and skills for making managerial decisions at different stages of the company’s activities. Analyzing labor resources, it is possible to identify reserves of personnel efficiency due to labor productivity, rational use of work time and the organization of the management system. The article reflects the factors influencing the organizational structure, the main characteristics of the types of competencies, methods of effective use of labor resources, as well as practical application in PJSC “NK Rosneft” and PJSC “Lukoil”.

MODES DUTILISATION DE LA MAIN-DEUVRE AGRICOLE ET TEMPS DE TRAVAIL DES MEMBRES DES MENAGES DANS LA REGION DE TAHOUA AU NIGER

The article deals with the modes of use of agricultural labor and working time in agricultural production. The analysis of the labor force which is presented in two forms the family and extra-family labor force. The latter provide employment followed by working time divided according to activities. The heads of the households decide on the execution of the various cultivation operations and off-farm activities. The study is based on a stratified, reasoned sample of 420 heads of household, drawn according to the demographic weight of the localities in this region. It is based on a diagnosis aimed at studying the impact of land dynamics in the fight against land insecurity and household poverty in the study region. The analysis shows that the average number of agricultural workers per household is 6. The extra-familial labor force consists of salaried workers and mutual aid. Also, 30% of heads of household use salaried labor, the number of which varies from 1 to 5 and concerns all sexes. Thus, 83% of households use salaried labor, 8% use mutual aid, and 6% use mixed labor. Only 2% of the working population work full time, 39% half time and 1% part time.

Тtransformation of social-labor relations under the influence of digitalization of the economy

The article examines the essence of the concept of «transformation of social and labor relations» and the nature of the influence of digitalization of the economy on it; directions of the changes in labor activity in the conditions of formation of an information-network economy are identified; changes in the forms of employment in the context of formation of the «gig economy» sector are substantiated; features of the functioning of digital platforms as a new type of basic economic institution and scale of the influence of digital technologies on labor activity are identified; contours of the changes in the formation of labor costs as a consequence of a change in the owners of the means of production are outlined; the essence of digital capital has been explored; multidirectional nature of the processes that shape the demand and supply of labor in the domestic labor market has been studied and substantiated. Based on the theories of transformation of systems and labor economics, the concept of «transformation of labor activity» is defined as changes in social and labor relations that arise in the process of creating new value and reproduction of labor force. It is proposed to distinguish two levels of research into the transformation of work activity under the influence of digital technologies, namely: a general for economic environment and a specific for labor market that made it possible to further determine the directions of its changes using the abstraction method. For the first level, which identifies the determinants of general shifts in the economic environment, it is proposed to highlight such features as: transition from an industrial-market to an information-network economy; formation of the gig economy; formation of digital platforms. For the second level, which is specific to labor market, the signs of transformation processes are: creating conditions for growth of the organic structure of capital; changes in the formation of labor cost components; formation of digital capital; multidirectional character of the processes that shape supply and demand in the labor market. The blocks by which it is advisable to study the effectiveness of using digital platforms may be: production costs; quality of products, works, services; use of working time; level and quality of electronic commerce; level of economic relations; quality of access to information.

Effect of robot for medication management on home care professionals’ use of working time in older people’s home care: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundMedication management has a key role in the daily tasks of home care professionals delivered to older clients in home care. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using a robot for medication management on home care professionals´ use of working time.MethodsA pragmatic non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. The participants were home care professionals who carried out home care clients’ medication management. Home care clients were allocated into intervention groups (IG) and control groups (CG) (n = 64 and 46, respectively) based on whether or not they received the robot. Data were collected using the Working Time Tracking Form prior to and 1 and 2 months after introducing the intervention. The t-test was used to compare the groups at each three timepoints. Analysis of Covariance was used to examine the groups’ differences for the total time for medications as the number of visits per day as the covariate.ResultsWith robot use, the total amount of home visits decreased by 89.4% and 92.4% after 1 and 2 months of intervention use, respectively, compared to pre-intervention (p < 0.001). The total working time used for medication management considering the number of visits per day decreased from 54.2 min (95% CI 49.6–58.8) to 34.9 min (31.4–38.3), i.e., by slightly over 19 min (p < 0.001) in the IG group. During the follow-up, the total working time used for medication management considering the number of visits per day remained the same in the CG group.ConclusionUsing a robot for medication management had a notable effect on decreasing the use of working time of home care professionals. For health services, decreased use of working time for medication management means that the time saved can be assigned to services that cannot be replaced otherwise. More digital solutions should be developed based on home care clients’ and professionals’ needs to meet the challenge of the growing number of older people in need of home care and ensure their safety.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05908604 retrospectively registered (18/06/2023).

EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE EFFECTIVENESS IN DELIVERING PUBLIC SERVICES AT ORGANIZATION BUREAU OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT EAST JAVA PROVINCE

The government carried out bureaucratic reforms to realize good governance. The effectiveness of a government system is determined by the merits of public service delivery. Work effectiveness is the basis for employees to carry out program tasks and activities so that the implementation goes on target and optimally. This study aims to describe the process of implementing public services from an employee's perspective as well as describe and analyze the constraints and describe the solutions undertaken to increase the effectiveness of the work of employees in the Organizational Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. Data analysis used is data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Data collection methods include interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study obtained an overall picture that the effectiveness of employee work in realizing public services at the Regional Secretariat Organizational Bureau of East Java Province is already good, employee work results can be proven by Employee Work Targets which meet the target every month but are not optimal due to a shortage of employees and less use of working time.

Особливості організування роботи митного підрозділу підприємства на засадах моделі розподіленого офісу

The article examines the essence of the category of solving the problems of organizing the work of the customs department on the basis of the distributed office model. In the current economic environment, the following are promising areas of activity establishing business relations with for-eign partners and conducting foreign economic operations. This is due to the strengthening of Euro-pean integration processes, good logistical location, availability of necessary resources etc. The key points of foreign economic activity are crossing the country's customs border, which requires cus-toms clearance of cargo customs clearance of cargo, submit the necessary supporting documenta-tion and provide other reliable data requested by the customs authorities. The customs clearance process is mainly the responsibility of the customs department of the enterprise, which directly af-fects the efficiency of export-import activities and, accordingly, the analysis and study of the organ-ization of activities and, accordingly, analysis and research of the organization of its work ensures the desired level of competitiveness of the company in the foreign market. As a result of the con-ducted research, it was determined that the main problems of organizing the customs department based on the distributed office model are a low level of control over the reliability of information, the efficiency of the work of employees and the irrational use of working time. Accordingly, the ways to solve these problems are the development of a control system to determine the effectiveness of the performance of duties by employees of the customs department and the implementation of time management techniques to optimize work based on the distributed office model Taking into ac-count the rapid pace of development of digitalization, most employers prefer to organize the work of divisions, including foreign economic and customs, based on the distributed office model. The essence of this model is the remote mode of operation of one or more divisions of the enterprise. The ad-vantages of its implementation are the reduction of costs for organizing work in the office, better communication between employees etc.

Revisiting the ‘flexibility paradox’: degree of work schedule flexibility and time use patterns across gender and occupational groups

Whether flexible work schedules facilitate the balance between work and non-work time or instead lead to longer working hours (known as ‘flexibility paradox’) has been extensively debated. Using representative time use data in the UK (2014–2015), this study contributes to the debates by exploring how different types of flexible schedules shape employees’ time use in various domains across gender and occupational groups. We find that using limited flexible schedules with fixed core hours (not unlimited flexible schedules) is significantly related to shorter paid work hours and more free time. The beneficial effects of limited flexible schedules only apply to men in higher occupations, whereas men in lower occupations are likely exploited by these flexible schedules by working more and having less free time. Overall, this study contributes to the debates of ‘flexibility paradox’ by examining the varying nature of flexibility practised and its different time use implications across socio-demographic groups.

Analisis Ergonomi di Lingkungan Kerja Industri Rumah Tangga Kerupuk Ikan Tenggiri Agung Rasa di Cilacap

The fish processing industry in Cilacap district is a business that is quite popular, because processed fish is a superior product in Cilacap district, one of which is mackerel fish crackers. This is influenced by the fact that the Cilacap district is a coastal area and is a place for tourist visits so that people's interest in various food flavors is quite high. Ergonomic analysis is needed to create safe, comfortable and healthy working conditions so that work activities can be effective which has an effect on increasing productivity. The method used in this research is descriptive experimental through observation and interview methods. Located in the Agung Rasa mackerel fish cracker home industry. The results of the research obtained an ergonomic analysis using an approach to 8 ergonomic aspects in the form of use of muscle power, work attitude, nutrition, work environment, work time, information systems, socio-cultural conditions and human-machine interaction which is known to still not show ergonomic working conditions. From the results of this analysis, recommendations can be made in the form of implementing short breaks or implementing exercise between work activities to avoid feelings of boredom, fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints, then improvements to work stations, regular working time arrangements and layout arrangements can be implemented to create ergonomic working conditions.

The factor of labor relations in the politics of modern societies: the experience of Mongolia and Kazakhstan

The article attempts to summarize the socio-philosophical analysis of the factors influencing the development of labor relations (including labor emigration) in Mongolia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The focus of the research is on the philosophical and political aspects of labor relations. In a comparative aspect, trends and approaches to the regulation of labor relations are considered in the focus of regional cooperation. Particular attention is paid in the article to the study of topical political and philosophical problems of labor activity (work and freedom, the objectives and uses of labor, the use of working time as the foundation of labor, etc.), trends and problems in the field of regulation of labor relations are shown. The article focuses on the special position of Mongolia in the system of international relations, highlights the determinants of the foreign policy of this country. An analysis of the social consequences of the adoption and implementation of the concept of the “third neighbor” in the policy of the Mongolian and Kazakhstani societies at the present stage of development has been carried out. The conclusion is made about the specifics of the social situation of the Mongolian society in a state of demographic transition, which is characterized by a young age structure of the population, focused on the export of labor resources, labor migration. The article emphasizes the fundamental difference between the Kazakh society as a society in which there is no active migratory donation, in contrast to the Mongolian society. The authors showed the importance of labor migration in the socio-economic development of both countries in the context of this opposition. According to the authors, both countries have developed an approach to understanding labor relations as a factor in the sustainable development of society andthe state.

Analysis of the current trends in digital transformation

The article is devoted to the study of the directions of digital transformation at the current stage of economic development in order to identify the best ways to improve business models and gain competitive advantages in both the short and long term. The study includes an analysis of the categories of remote work participation and key areas and technologies of digital business transformation. The research findings highlight the importance of focusing on the categories of remote work for efficient use of working time and successful integration of modern elements into business models. The main areas of digital transformation include hyper-automation, hybrid workplace model, digital banking, 5G technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and Web 3.0. The interaction between these areas determines the prospects for successful implementation of digital innovations. The study shows that companies that initiate changes in corporate culture and implement digital transformation at an early stage are more likely to move towards strategic development and achieve success.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TELEMEDICINE FIELD

An electronic medical record of a patient is a part of any medical information system. The system allows you to monitor and manage information about patients in medical institutions. A medical program for evaluating results for both doctors and patients. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor the state of his health, be sure to identify diseases and carry out treatment. Due to the fact that there is a lot of information and additional business processes. which must be used correctly and use the reduced use of working time. without data loss. The solution to one of these problems is associated with the release of waste, as a result of which the design of a medical information system for maintaining electronic medical records of patients was developed. The proposed design of the application model provides a solution that consolidates all medical records, visits and reviews in one place, and also allows you to compare results over time. This allows patients to access their medical history in a convenient and secure format.

MODERN APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF AN OBJECT OF LEGAL PROTECTION - METHOD OF SPRAYING WITH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Inventive and patent-licensing work is an integral part of the activities of engineering, technical, and scientific workers in all spheres of the national economy. One of the results (types) of scientific and technical creativity is invention, which allows technically gifted individuals to express themselves: scientists, engineers, students, and other technical workers. The use of modern technical means in agriculture, for example, unmanned aerial vehicles for technological operations, prompts the creation of new approaches and methods of their effective use, which is an urgent task for agricultural enterprises, scientific, and pedagogical workers, and students. The object of the research is the method of spraying agricultural crops with unmanned aerial vehicles, as an object of legal protection. The purpose of the research is to develop an effective method of spraying agricultural plants with means of protection against pests and diseases by unmanned aerial vehicles, which is the object of legal protection of industrial property. The objectives of the research are to perform an analysis of the concepts of creativity and inventive activity of a person as a form of self-realization and overcoming technical contradictions; to carry out an analysis of the concepts of the object of the invention - the process (method) as an object of legal protection; study of the laws of development of technical systems and development of a utility model of the technological system of an unmanned aerial vehicle; development of a method of spraying field crops with unmanned aerial vehicles. The research methodology is based on the method of materialistic dialectics, methods of analysis, and synthesis of information from official sources and scientific research. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the inventive activity of engineering and scientific workers is an integral part of the development of scientific and technical progress as a whole. The creation of fundamentally new technologies and machines, and innovative solutions in all branches of the national economy will contribute to the rapid development of our state and its entry into the system of countries with developed market relations. The object subject to legal protection is analyzed. Features of the formula for the method are described. The research proposes a modern approach to the formation of an object of legal protection, namely, a method of spraying agricultural crops with unmanned aerial vehicles. The laws of the development of technical systems are considered and a utility model of the technological system is proposed, namely - the process of spraying agricultural plants with unmanned aerial vehicles. The target function of the technological system is described and the laws of development are proposed, which will allow obtaining the optimal values of the parameters of the optimization criteria. The proposed method of aerial chemical spraying of plants with the use of sprayer drones allows for effective chemical treatment of plant crops and minimizes the inefficient use of shift work time associated with moving a mobile vehicle, thus increasing the productivity of UAVs.

Analisis beban kerja room attendant di asialink hotel kota Batam

The purpose of this study is to find out how the workload of room attendants at Asialink Hotel Batam City, based on the Koesomowidjojo workload theory with 3 indicators (work conditions, use of working time, targets to be achieved). This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the object of research are room attendants and participants from the Department of Housekeeping. The results of this study indicate that the workload on the employees of the Housekeeping Department, especially room attendants, is not optimal enough. The existence of multi-profession work, namely employees get workload from two types of work as room attendants and public area attendants, causing a lack of work focus on employees and having an impact on employee work mobility in one or both of the work professions carried. Management can provide work professions to employees separately, this can be done by increasing the number of workers in the Housekeeping Department.

KEY ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR RESOURCES-BASED RETURN AND LABOUR COSTS-BASED RETURN OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY SITUATION

The issue of the effective use of workforce is relevant at all phases and stages of each enterprise’s development. The importance and relevance of this issue are even greater in the context of high inflation rate in the country and the impact of different crises – health, economic, price, energy, social, and now the military crisis, due to the conflict and the war in the vicinity of the Bulgarian frontier.The first object of study in this publication is the indicator of labour resources-based return, which shows the final effective use of the enterprise’s workforce. This indicator is analysed as a separate object of the analysis to identify the strength and direction of direct factors that affect its dynamic. These factors are as follows:1. changes in the labour productivity and2. changes in the sales return.The second object of study refers to the labour costs-based return indicator, which characterises the final effectiveness of costs incurred by the enterprise for the functioning of the workforce it has hired, and namely, costs for staff salaries and social security. This indicator is also analysed as a separate object of the analysis. It identifies the strength and direction of direct factors’ impact on the dynamics of this indicator. These factors are as follows:1. changes in the labour productivity;2. changes in the average wages per staff member;3. changes in the average social security costs per staff member; and4. changes in the sales return.Their objectively existing correlation is a prerequisite for correlating these two objects.The subject matter of this publication covers the methodological aspects of the analysis of labour resources-based return and the analysis of labour costs-based return.The author’s objective is to suggest approved methodologies for analysis of the labour resources-based return and for analysis of labour costs-based return, which are applicable to and useful for the business practice. This publication suggests guidelines for deeper analysis methodologies by correlating the factors affecting the change of the annual labour productivity with the factors affecting the return calculated both on the basis of labour resources and on the basis of labour costs as well. Such correlation may result in objective symbiosis among the use of working time, efficient use of manpower (labour productivity) and labour resources-based and labour costs-based return.

0093 Chronotypic characteristics of sleep, mental health, and daily life of Japanese university of health sciences students

Abstract Introduction Students’ lifestyles change after entering the university negatively impacting effective sleep regulation, daytime alertness, motivation to learn, and mental health. An evening chronotype has been increasingly associated with negative impacts upon performance and well-being. Greater understanding of chronotype differences in sleep-related, mental health, and daily life characteristics is needed to develop a sleep health promoting intervention. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive design among health sciences students (nursing, occupational therapy and physical therapy) in a Japanese university. The Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-J) was used to create morning (M), intermediate (I), and evening (E) chronotype groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among chronotype groups by sleep, mental health, and daily life characteristics. We assessed insomnia severity (ISI-J), sleep quality (PSQI-J), sleep hygiene (SHPS-J), daytime sleepiness and dysfunctional sleep beliefs; depression (JCES-D) and anxiety; and time use in club, commuting, sleep, and work, as well as engagement in meaningful day-to-day activities (EMAS-J), significant group differences were explored post-hoc. Results Of 369 students there were 21% classified as M chronotype, 63% as I, and 16 % as E; an approximate 1:3:1 ratio. Sleep quality was progressively better as chronotype advanced from E, to I, to M (PSQI-J: d range 0.41-1.07); along with sleep problems being less likely (ISI-J: d range 0.45-1.16). Sleep hygiene practices were most effective for the M chronotype, followed by I then E (SHPS-J: d range 0.49-1.14). No group differences were found in daytime sleepiness or dysfunctional sleep beliefs. Depression symptoms were greater in the E chronotype compared to I and M (JCES-D: d range 0.52-0.84). M chronotypes reported the longest commuting times (d range 0.45-0.55). No differences were found in sleep duration or time spent in other activity types. Lastly, M chronotypes reported engaging in more meaningful activities compared to E (EMAS-J: d = 0.47). Conclusion Sleep health lifestyle intervention should target chronotype preference to be less evening-like, thereby promoting sleep quality and mental health. Intervention could tailor sleep hygiene beliefs and skills to address sleep timing, pre-sleep arousal and environment regulation according to individuals’ daily life characteristics and chronotype differences. Support (if any)

CHANGES IN PROFITABILITY OF THE AVIGNON RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS

This article is devoted to managing the profitability of the construction of the residential complex "Avignon" in the city of Odessa, located near the seaside, under the condition of changing organizational factors. The residential complex consists of 13 sections arranged in circular shapes, with sports and children's playgrounds in the middle. Each section has two underground levels of parking, except for one atypical section for a commercial pavilion with a structural glass facade. The buildings have a monolithic load-bearing frame, pile foundation, and enclosing structures made of non-removable formwork using a new technology with the use of foam concrete.To manage the profitability of construction, project management software and correlation-regression analysis were used. Modeling was carried out in Microsoft Project, which allows determining the sequence of tasks, estimating the duration of work, calculating the financial movement schedules, and determining the necessary resources. Using the COMPEX program, regularities were built on the change in the intensity of construction financing in accordance with the theory of experimental planning. These regularities allow controlling the duration of construction by changing the intensity of the use of working time and the compatibility of construction processes. Thanks to the data obtained as a result of experimental-statistical modeling regarding the maximum and average intensity of financing, the total cost of construction was determined, taking into account the use of credit funds. Further, when calculating the profitability of construction, the amount obtained as a result of the dependence of construction on all selected factors was used. Profitability was calculated depending on the average price per square meter according to the data of the Ministry of Regional Development. As a result of the research, it was determined that when changing organizational factors (the intensity of the use of working time and the compatibility of processes), the profitability of the construction of the "Avignon" residential complex changes from 11.4% to 41.8%.

MANAGEMENT OF THE CONTINUITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE "AVIGNON" RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX

The article discusses the management of the construction period of the residential complex "Avignon," located in Odessa city near the sea coast, with changes in organizational factors. The residential complex consists of thirteen sections arranged in the form of rings, with a sports and children's playground in the courtyard. The rings comprise 12 typical sections (four rectangular and eight corner ones) with six floors and an attic, each of which has two levels of underground parking. Additionally, there is one non-standard section for a three-story trading pavilion (without parking) with a structural glass facade. The residential complex comprises buildings with a monolithic load-bearing frame, stiffness core, and piles foundation, as well as fencing structures made of a non-removable formwork based on new technological solutions. Different materials are used for the non-removable formwork on a steel frame.A numerical experiment was conducted using project management software and correlation-regression analysis. The management of the construction period was modeled using Microsoft Project software, according to the selected plan of organizational factors' changes. The change in construction period was subsequently modeled in the COMPEX program. The obtained patterns allow for managing the construction period by changing the main organizational factors: the intensity of the use of working time and the combination of construction processes. The experimental-statistical modeling enables obtaining the limits of the construction period under the influence of the current constraints in the conditions of varying organizational factors. The obtained data can be further used by developers to establish their needs and limitations.

EFFICIENCY OF USE OF RESOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND THEIR TECHNOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

The article proves that nowadays it is not enough for agricultural enterprises to have the necessary material, financial and labor resources for effective functioning, it is necessary to know how to use them effectively, and, therefore, to have information about production technologies and their management. Special attention is focused on the indicators of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of information resources using the coefficients of completeness of information, contradiction of information, accuracy of information, timeliness and validity of information. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of time resources using the coefficients of the use of the working period, the use of the working day, the use of working time and the use of downtime. A system of innovations recommended for implementation in agricultural enterprises has been developed, which takes into account the specifics of agricultural management and offers measures to improve the innovative management of the production process. The proposed indicators will make it possible to conduct research and evaluate the effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of resource use, to provide proposals that will improve production and increase the efficiency of resource use through the introduction of innovations, the involvement of the latest technologies, including in the field of technological management. In the future, it is appropriate to develop programs for the development of agrarian enterprises with the aim of increasing the efficiency of resource use through modernization and the introduction of new technologies, taking into account the environmental friendliness of the production process.

ТАЙМ-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ – ШЛЯХ ДО ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРАЦІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ

The concept of time management is considered. Various approaches of scientists in determining the essence of time management are analyzed and revealed. The author's interpretation of the concept of time management is offered. Existing time management tools are considered and peculiarities of its application in domestic practice are analyzed. The importance of applying working time management techniques to increase the efficiency of functioning of enterprises in modern conditions is substantiated. Time management, or time management, is a system aimed at coordinating one's actions with time. It is the science of how to plan a clear work schedule for a day, a week, a month, a year or a lifetime. As a result of optimization, working time can be used more efficiently. Time management concerns not only the organization of working hours, but also the workplace environment, communication with work colleagues and many other factors that can affect a certain time. The implementation of time management allows employees of an educational organization to systematize the planning process, use working time more efficiently, increase the speed of solving problems and eliminate them re-appearance, reduce time spent searching for documents and timely prioritization, increase the efficiency of using databases. It has been proven that the introduction of time management technology in an educational organization will serve as an optimal way to increase competitiveness in general and the most effective use of human resources. The development of any organization directly depends on how its employees plan and organize their activities taking into account time constraints, namely how the manager facilitates this. Rationally organized time management also makes employees aware that inefficient use of working time is not only the loss of the management of the educational organization, but also their own, which can lead to a significant reduction in activity efficiency and, as a result, to a decrease in wages. The use of principles and technologies of time management in practice increases the efficiency of the organization, reduces time consumption to a minimum and creates an opportunity to achieve the desired results and goals.

Leadership in public administration: today's challenges

The participation of the public in the formation and implementation of the state policy of promoting the development of civil society by the executive authorities is ensured. The issue of leadership in public administration is extremely relevant today. Leadership is the object of research by many scientists, three main theoretical approaches to understanding leadership (charismatic action, situational theory, synthetic theory) have been formulated. Leadership is a type of activity that permeates the entire management system. It is impossible to effectively perform the functions of planning, organization, motivation and control if there is no effective management and leaders.&#x0D; The manager’s personality is formed gradually. In psychology, various approaches to the development of theoretical models of personality development and the effectiveness of managerial activities of managers have been developed (collective approach, competitive, partial, engineering-psychological approach, reflective value approach, social-psychological, situational-complex approach, factor approach, functional approach, image approach, integrative).&#x0D; Seven skills and character traits of a manager valuable to companies are highlighted: leadership skills, strategic thinking, technical and technological skills, the ability to build relationships and create a team, the ability to present oneself and communicate, change management, honesty.&#x0D; The practice of training and retraining of managers includes active learning methods. The problem of the manager's culture in management philosophy is gaining importance. The main scientific disciplines are highlighted.&#x0D; Today, there are a significant number of grand programs for leaders of public administration that contribute to the development of leadership qualities.&#x0D; Self-management is the ability to manage oneself, one's potential, abilities, and knowledge.&#x0D; The working hours of the majority are condensed. The only solution can be the use of special techniques and methods, which have the general name of time management. There are many methods for solving problems related to the rational use of working time. The main principles of time management are highlighted.