Spending Time Research Articles

Exploring cultural differences in the understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias among Alaska Natives and providers in Alaska

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of the Native population aged 65+ is projected to increase between 2015 and 2045, from 7‐12%, and informal caregivers and health care providers are ill‐prepared to meet the demand of Alzheimer’s Disease and related disorders (ADRD). There is an increasing urgency to better understand Alaska Native views of ADRD.MethodGuided by Kleinman’s explanatory model of illness, a qualitative, research design was utilized to gather data on experiences with ADRD. 21 interviews with Alaska Native caregivers and 12 interviews with health care providers in rural and urban communities were completed. Using Nvivo qualitative software, thematic analysis was used to obtain cultural perspectives on ADRD. This study was approved by the University and tribal review boards.ResultMany Alaska Natives view ADRD as a natural part of the aging process, resulting in not always seeking medical care. Caregivers challenges included family denial, exhaustion and isolation, and family distancing themselves due to fear and limited understanding of ADRD. Caregiving benefits included spending time with older adult, learning family history, and sharing experiences with other caregivers. Healthcare provider challenges included rigidity of the healthcare system, no research on Alaska Natives, limited health literacy, limited community resources, and no knowledge of Alaska Native views of ADRD.ConclusionUnderstanding the cultural underpinnings of ADRD provides insight into how health care providers can integrate cultural beliefs into treatment to improve the processes of care that may mitigate the impact of ADRD on individuals and families. Culturally‐responsive education and training about ADRD is crucial to connecting Alaska Natives with ADRD to care that can assist them in aging more comfortably

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on crowding aversion in public transport and transport mode choice: The case of Santiago, Chile

Mode choice modeling has shown a significant crowding effect over travel time perception. But the recent COVID-19 pandemic and the related sanitary measures have changed perceptions of overcrowding on the mode choice. This study aims to quantify these changes through a hybrid discrete choice model using data collected through a revealed preferences survey applied in two time periods in Santiago, Chile. Although the overcrowding aversion was included in the choice model as a latent variable, that had a significant effect on the mode choice of people only for the set of responses belonging to the first time period, which implies a reduction of the initial pandemic impact. Results also show that women and people younger than 35 years old have higher levels of crowding aversion. By analyzing the disutility generated by each alternative mode, it is determined that the bicycle is preferred over the car for trips of distances less than 4 km. In the same way, for trips of less than 3 km, the walk has a preference over public transport. Regarding the marginal rates of substitution between travel and walking time in public transport, for trips of 30 min with an overcrowding level of 6 pax/m2, women over 35 years are willing to trade 2 min of travel for 1 min of walking. When comparing the rates obtained in a pre-pandemic study, it is obtained that for trips of less than 9 min, people in the pandemic have more preferences for walking over spending time inside public transport.

Community support service use and Black family caregiver mental health outcomes

AbstractBackgroundFamily and friends provide 83% of dementia patients’ essential personal care needs without compensation or training. More than 11 million Americans provided care in 2020, totaling an estimated 15.3 billion hours of assistance valued at nearly $250 billion. The stress associated with caring for a person living with dementia (PLWD) can significantly affect the caregiver’s physical and mental health. Caregiver stress is a significant problem that proportionately affects Black family caregivers. Adult day programs, support groups, help‐seeking, respite, and dementia training can assist Black family caregivers in avoiding stress‐related mental health issues. CSS aids caregivers in keeping PLWD safe at home and postponing or avoiding institutionalization. This study examines how CSS affects Black family caregivers' mental health.MethodThe secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 5 and the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) Rd II, 2015, n = 2,204 caregivers. The dementia classification (those with probable or possible dementia) caregivers was n = 1,027. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses evaluated caregiver stress (based on the relationship and interaction with the PLWD) and the use of CSS.ResultFindings indicated that most caregivers were females (66%) between 55 to 65+ years old. Analysis of the stress measures derived from questions about the caregiver’s relation with the PLWD suggests that overall, the caregivers enjoy spending time with the PLWD (96%). Stress measures did not indicate that caregivers experienced much stress. Black caregivers received less dementia training than their White counterparts: 13% vs. 29%. A small percentage of caregivers attended support groups (5% and less).ConclusionThe results of this secondary data analysis do not distinguish Black and White family caregiver stress or their use of support services to address stress. The reason is not apparent, but it may be that the most vulnerable groups did not participate in the NHATS/NSOC research, which may account for these results. Qualitative research is required to explore Black caregivers’ stress and support utilization perspectives deeply.

Impact of Virtual Recruitment on Costs, Time Spent, and Applicant Perspectives Within a Family Medicine Residency Program.

Virtual recruitment for all residency programs was endorsed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for the 2021 and 2022 recruitment seasons. This study assesses the impact of virtual recruitment on cost and outcome in a family medicine residency program. We assessed program recruitment costs and interview-day time with applicants in one program for the 2019 to 2022 recruitment seasons, and we sent an anonymous survey to interviewed applicants (n=98) for the 2022 match year. In-person interviews were conducted in 2019 and 2020. Virtual interviews were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Program recruitment costs decreased from over $70,000 annually for in-person interview seasons to between $10,000 and $20,000 annually for the virtual interview years. Applicant time with the program on interview days decreased from 515 minutes when held in-person, to 345 minutes when virtual. Applicants expressed that they were generally satisfied with the virtual interview format though their preference for the virtual format was only slightly greater than for in-person interviews (38.6% and 35.1%, respectively); 26.3% of the responding applicants had no preference for either format. During virtual interview years, applicants interviewed at an average of 16.6 programs with 80% indicating that virtual interviews allowed for consideration of more programs. The virtual interview format was associated with decreased interview-day costs for programs and interviewees, and decreased time on interview days for both groups. It allowed applicants to consider more programs.

Myopia: An alarming situation in near future

Madam, I am writing to draw attention to an issue that I believe is of great concern for our society: the alarming increase in cases of myopia due to excessive near work. Myopia, or nearsightedness, when the eye has difficulty focusing on distant objects. The prevalence of myopia has been increasing rapidly worldwide, particularly in Asia, where it is estimated that up to 80% of young adults are affected. In the United States, the prevalence of myopia has doubled in the past 30 years.[1] One major factor contributing to this increase is the growing amount of time people spend near work, such as reading, using computers, and playing video games. This kind of work requires the eyes to focus on close objects for extended periods, which can cause the eye to elongate and result in myopia. The consequences of myopia are not only visual but also have significant impacts on quality of life. Myopia increases the risk of eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment, which can lead to blindness. It can also have a negative impact on academic and career opportunities, as well as physical and social activities. [2] Get regular eye exams: Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting myopia early and monitoring its progression. It is recommended that infants have their first eye exam at six months, and then again at the ages of three and five, and every two years after that. Adults should have an eye exam at least once every two years, or more frequently if advised by their eye doctor. Practice good visual habits: Good visual habits can help prevent myopia from worsening. This includes taking frequent breaks when reading or using electronic devices, maintaining a comfortable distance from the screen, and practicing good posture. You can also try doing eye exercises to strengthen your eye muscles. Spend time outdoors: Studies have shown that spending time outdoors, especially in natural light, can help prevent the onset and progression of myopia in children. Aim for at least 2 hours of outdoor time per day. A study by David A Wilson et al. showed that by 2050 there will be 1 billion people with myopia.[3] Nowadays, our young generation is executively using smartphones and digital screens. All ophthalmologist and optometrist are advised to know all the clints regarding close work to rest in between your work. ---Continue

System-Level Factors and Time Spent on Electronic Health Records by Primary Care Physicians

Primary care physicians (PCPs) spend the most time on the electronic health record (EHR) of any specialty. Thus, it is critical to understand what factors contribute to varying levels of PCP time spent on EHRs. To characterize variation in EHR time across PCPs and primary care clinics, and to describe how specific PCP, patient panel, clinic, and team collaboration factors are associated with PCPs' time spent on EHRs. This cross-sectional study included 307 PCPs practicing across 31 primary care clinics at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital during 2021. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to October 2023. Total per-visit EHR time, total per-visit pajama time (ie, time spent on the EHR between 5:30 pm to 7:00 am and on weekends), and total per-visit time on the electronic inbox as measured by activity log data derived from an EHR database. The sample included 307 PCPs (183 [59.6%] female). On a per-visit basis, PCPs spent a median (IQR) of 36.2 (28.9-45.7) total minutes on the EHR, 6.2 (3.1-11.5) minutes of pajama time, and 7.8 (5.5-10.7) minutes on the electronic inbox. When comparing PCP time expenditure by clinic, median (IQR) total EHR time, median (IQR) pajama time, and median (IQR) electronic inbox time ranged from 23.5 (20.7-53.1) to 47.9 (30.6-70.7) minutes per visit, 1.7 (0.7-10.5) to 13.1 (7.7-28.2) minutes per visit, and 4.7 (4.1-5.2) to 10.8 (8.9-15.2) minutes per visit, respectively. In a multivariable model with an outcome of total per-visit EHR time per visit, an above median percentage of teamwork on orders was associated with 3.81 (95% CI, 0.49-7.13) minutes per visit fewer and having a clinic pharmacy technician was associated with 7.87 (95% CI, 2.03-13.72) minutes per visit fewer. Practicing in a community health center was associated with fewer minutes of total EHR time per visit (5.40 [95% CI, 0.06-10.74] minutes). There is substantial variation in EHR time among individual PCPs and PCPs within clinics. Organization-level factors, such as team collaboration on orders, support for medication refill functions, and practicing in a community health center, are associated with lower EHR time for PCPs. These findings highlight the importance of addressing EHR burden at a systems level.

대학생의 무기력 경험과 대학교 지원에 관한 인식 연구

Objectives By listening to university students’ “voice and words” of lethargy and their academic needs, this study aims to identify the ways through which higher educational communities can help these students. Methods A focus group interview was conducted with six students studying at W University. Results The students experienced lethargy in different aspects of life, including physical, academic, and inter-personal aspects. They experienced lethargy due to social pressure, unsupportive parents, lack of communication with professors, disjointed or unfulfilling relationships, the experience and/or feeling of failure, the lack of career goals, and the social prejudice of local universities. They endeavored to overcome lethargy by focusing on them-selves and spending time with the people in their inner circle. Further, they needed the academic body to focus on curricula, extra-curricular programs, and improving and/or developing programs to help them recover from lethargy. Conclusions The results suggest that higher educational institutions should shift towards a “student-oriented” paradigm so that they can focus on students’ lethargy. They should comprehensively consider curricula and ex-tra-curricular programs to mitigate and help recover students’ lethargy. Furthermore, they should foster the de-velopment of positive emotions for the students to strengthen their resilience and abate the effects of negative factors during the intervention.

Coping with administrative tasks: A cross‐country analysis from a street‐level perspective

AbstractAdministrative tasks often are an unavoidable aspect of the daily work of street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs). These burdensome tasks are job demands that can cause stress and put a strain on SLBs' working experience and performance. So far, few studies have searched for job resources that can help SLBs cope with this aspect of their daily work. This study analyzes how performing administrative tasks results in job stress. Participation in organizational decision‐making is presented as a job resource that mitigates this impact—although, we hypothesize, less so in countries with high power distance. Using a survey dataset of 113,210 teachers across 46 countries, we find that participation in organizational decision‐making indeed reduces the impact of spending time on administrative tasks on job stress. Power distance does not influence this moderation significantly but does have cross‐level interactions with both the time spent on administrative tasks and the level of participation separately.

Stress and sleep quality in medical students: a cross-sectional study from Vietnam.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global social and economic disruptions, as well as changes in personal attitude and behavior. The purpose of this research is to assess the sleep quality and stress levels of medical students. Data was collected from medical students over the course of a month in 2021. A total of 4,677 students at the University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach were invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey, which included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire Index (PSQI) for measuring sleep quality and the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ) for evaluating stress. A total of 1,502 students participated in our survey. More than half of the participants exhibited poor quality of sleep as indicated by their PSQI score. Many students reported going to bed after midnight and spending time on their smartphones. Among the students surveyed, 21.84% experienced low levels of stress (CSSQ ≤6), 63.38% had mild stress (7 ≤ CSSQ score ≤ 14), 14.78% reported high levels of stress (CSSQ >14). This study showed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality in the surveyed students, which could be attributed to changes in their behavior following the COVID-19 outbreak. Mild stress was also frequently observed, and it may be related to sleep disorders in this population. These important findings provide valuable insights for making recommendations, including lifestyle modifications to improve sleep quality.

Implementing Triple Entry Accounting as an Audit Tool—An Extension to Modern Accounting Systems

Despite the technological leaps modern accounting systems have brought about, fraud is still prevalent. This necessitates spending time and money on audits. Connecting modern accounting ledgers to a public blockchain would make accounting records easily verifiable, aiding the audit evidence gathering and analytics process. Continuous audits will be made viable by readily available audit evidence from the public blockchain. The proposed audit solution creates verifiable “Financial Fingerprints” (signed indexes) for every accounting entry. These Financial Fingerprints are then published to a certain range of addresses on the public blockchain. The objective is to help accounting ledgers be structured in a Triple Entry Accounting format. The third entry can be defined as publishing a notarized index of each accounting entry to the public blockchain. The crux of Triple Entry Accounting is atomicity, meaning there can only be one book. Trying to present an alternative set of books would still be possible, but it would be automatically detected. The method used to achieve the objective can be presented as two value propositions. The first value proposition of Triple Entry Accounting is to define a provable official true set of books. This is important because it is a door into the market without being dependent on network effects. The second value proposition of Triple Entry Accounting is to break down the data silos by using the blockchain as a shared ledger and thus help auditors immensely in their tedious work to gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence. Because of value proposition number one, Triple Entry Accounting presents standalone value even before the network effect begins. The result of this is an open standardized protocol for implementing Triple Entry Accounting as an extension to modern accounting systems.

Spending time in the forest or the field: qualitative semi-structured interviews in a randomized controlled cross-over trial with highly sensitive persons.

The effects of spending time in forests have been subject to investigations in various countries around the world. Qualitative comparisons have been rarely done so far. Sixteen healthy highly sensitive persons (SV12 score ≥ 18) aged between 18 and 70 years were randomly assigned to groups spending 1 h in the forest and in the field at intervals of one week. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after each intervention and analyzed using a mixed-methods approach of content analysis and grounded theory. Both natural environments induced feelings of inner calmness, inner cleansing, joy, freedom, connectedness, strengthening qualities, and heightened body awareness. The forest environment additionally offered emotional shelter, and showed advantages in promoting inner strength and self-concentration. People with previous negative experiences in the forest may feel safer in fields because of the wider view and better overview. Important preconditions are enough time and the absence of a judgmental authority. The two environments induced in part different but also similar emotions which might be useful to promote psychological well-being differentially.

Maternal beliefs about the benefits and costs of child and adolescent friendship.

The goals of this study were to examine maternal beliefs about the primary benefits and costs of their children's time spent with friends, and to explore child age and gender differences in these beliefs. Participants were N = 512 mothers (Mchildage = 10.18 years; 11% ethnic minority). Open-ended responses to questions about the benefits and costs were coded and analysed, with results indicating that mothers consider opportunities for social skills and social-cognitive development a primary benefit of spending time with friends. Negative friend influence was the most commonly cited cost of friendship. Child age was associated with a number of maternal beliefs (e.g., mothers of adolescents were more likely than mothers of young children to report intimacy as a benefit), but child gender was not. Findings highlight the importance of considering child age in studies of maternal beliefs about friendship and set the stage for future research in this area.

The Restorative Potential of Green Cultural Heritage: Exploring Cultural Ecosystem Services’ Impact on Stress Reduction and Attention Restoration

Green cultural heritage is an important form of natural space in cities. Only a few studies have conducted restorative studies in a historical environment as most have focused on natural environments. Moreover, few studies on cultural ecosystem services (CESs) have addressed cultural heritage. Based on an onsite questionnaire distributed to green cultural heritage users (N = 64) in Hamarikyu Garden, this paper explores the value of CESs in a green cultural heritage site and the relationship between cultural ecosystem values and perceived attention restoration/stress reduction. A multiple linear regression analysis and simple linear regression analyses were used to examine the data. The results showed that (1) the cultural ecosystem values of the green cultural heritage site were all rated highly except for the sense of place; (2) spending time in green cultural heritage provided respondents significant perceived attention restoration and stress reduction; (3) aesthetics and cultural heritage significantly affected perceived stress reduction, while attention restoration showed a significant positive correlation with aesthetic value and sense of place; and (4) the more visitors perceived the value of CESs, the more significant the perceived stress reduction and attention recovery were. This study indicates that CESs represent a useful tool for measuring the environmental characteristics of green cultural heritage sites and can predict perceived psychological recovery in green cultural heritage sites. Our findings enhance our knowledge about restorative environmental attributes through objective descriptions of potential health-promoting qualities and can be utilized as inspiration for designing restorative environments in green cultural heritage sites.

Effects of forest spatial types, element compositions and forest stands on restorative potential and aesthetic preference

IntroductionAs global urbanization intensifies, the physical and mental stressors of modern life have led to the growing prevalence of suboptimal health conditions. Spending time in a forest benefits human health and well-being. In this context, based on the forest spatial types (forest interior and forest edge spaces), landscape elements (architecture, water and roads) and forest stands (coniferous, broadleaf and bamboo forests), this study investigated the effects of different forest spatial landscape characteristics on the restorative potential for college students, aesthetic preference and eye movement behavior (total fixation duration and fixation count).MethodsIn this study, a total of 60 subjects were exposed to 42 photographs depicting typical forest landscapes acquired through field studies. The Short-version Revised Restoration and Preference Scale and eye-tracking technology, were employed to study the recovery efficiency and visual attraction of forest spatial of different forest spatial types, element compositions and forest stands.Results(1) The restorative potential and aesthetic preference score of forest edge spaces were significantly higher than those of forest interior spaces. (2) The restorative potential of bamboo forests was significantly higher than those of coniferous and broadleaf forests. (3) In terms of forest interior space, the restorative potential of “forest + 1 element” composition and “forest + 2 elements” composition was significantly higher than that of pure forest, and the restorative potential of interior space of bamboo forest was significantly higher than those of coniferous and broadleaf forests. (4) In terms of forest edge space, the restorative potential of “forest + 2 elements” composition was significantly higher than that of pure forest, and the restorative potential of pure forests was significantly higher than that of the “forest + 1 element” composition. (5) The restorative potential of forest spatial landscape characteristics positively correlated with aesthetic preference and negatively correlated with total fixation duration and fixation count. These results can provide a reference for future forest landscape research, construction and management.

Measuring the Relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and Time Spent on Social Media

Measuring the Relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and Time Spent on Social Media

Unpacking the exploration–exploitation tradeoff on Snapchat: The relationships between users’ exploration–exploitation interests and server log data

Social media users continuously decide between looking for familiar content and exploring novel content. Although prior research has extensively studied the trade-off between exploration and exploitation (E/E), little is known about how it operates on social media platforms. In this observational study, we created survey scales to measure users’ exploration and exploitation interests (EEI) on Snapchat, a social media platform, and used them to survey 1,073 Snapchat users in the U.S. between December 2020 and January 2021. We combined users’ self-reported responses with their aggregated behavioral data recorded on the Snapchat platform. We employed correlation analyses and matching procedures to analyze the relationships between users’ EEI and their activities on the app. Our results suggest that exploration, and not exploitation, triggers more behavioral activities while using this social media platform. We found that exploration was positively correlated with spending time on the app, having more content impressions, and watching content from familiar sources. Moreover, exploration was negatively correlated with communication activities. By combining users’ self-reported and server log data, this work advances our understanding of how the E/E framework applies to users on a social media platform.

Inequities in Time Spent Coordinating Care for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.

In the United States, caregivers of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) must navigate complex, inefficient health care and insurance systems to access medical care. We assessed for sociodemographic inequities in time spent coordinating care for CYSHCN and examined the association between time spent coordinating care and forgone medical care. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018-2020 National Survey of Children's Health, which included 102,740 children across all 50 states. We described the time spent coordinating care for children with less complex special health care needs (SHCN) (managed through medications) and more complex SHCN (resulting in functional limitations or requiring specialized therapies). We examined race-, ethnicity-, income-, and insurance-based differences in time spent coordinating care among CYSHCN and used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between time spent coordinating care and forgone medical care. Over 40% of caregivers of children with more complex SHCN reported spending time coordinating their children's care each week. CYSHCN whose caregivers spent ≥5h/wk on care coordination were disproportionately Hispanic, low-income, and publicly insured or uninsured. Increased time spent coordinating care was associated with an increasing probability of forgone medical care: 6.7% for children whose caregivers spent no weekly time coordinating care versus 9.4% for<1hour; 11.4% for 1 to 4hours; and 15.8% for ≥5hours. Reducing time spent coordinating care and providing additional support to low-income and minoritized caregivers may be beneficial for pediatric payers, policymakers, and health systems aiming to promote equitable access to health care for CYSHCN.

A56Using simulation to address staff wellbeing and retention in a global non-healthcare organization

Stress, anxiety and depression affect one-fifth of the working age population and are a leading cause of staff attrition and loss of productivity [1]. Conversations between colleagues can help reduce stress, increase job satisfaction and productivity, build stronger relationships, and create a more positive work environment [2]. In spite of numerous policy initiatives in large organizations and fewer in small [3], it is reported, by colleagues, that hands on ‘practice’ in having conversations would be beneficial. We were approached to create a remote live four-hour workshop with authentic simulated scenarios, appropriate for a cross cultural global reach, aiming to enable staff to feel ‘at ease’ with having proactive conversations with their colleagues on a daily basis. In 2021-2022, 120 hours were spent developing a live module for managers working in non-healthcare environments. This module was preceded by three online eLearning modules, ‘being aware, being proactive and being responsive’. After eight pilots, content and delivery was scrutinized, analysing feedback from participating managers, facilitators, and actors. In 2023, a further 24 workshops are underway, using the refined content and delivery structure; 144 actors, 24 facilitators and 24 simulation advisers are involved. Participants are global managers, clustered into geographical regions; module timings are amended to suit time zones and in total 192 participants are able to take part in small groups of eight. A 90 minute follow up a month later enables participants to discuss the personal areas of identified focus. Creating a safe space has been essential, with ongoing facilitator alertness. Participants have immersed themselves in the six scenarios covering loneliness, disillusion, over-work, depression, crisis and acute anxiety. Participants key areas of focus have included: being sensitive to situations, being a better observer, sharing values with staff, spending time with colleagues, scheduling time to look after oneself. Timekeeping to ensure equity of discussion and involvement, and arrival and integration of the six actors have both been challenging, although mitigated by the pilot experience. This programme, incorporates online eLearning modules, a remote ‘live’ simulated module, and follow-up group sessions. By practising through simulated scenarios, there is significant potential to improve the support, retention and wellbeing of employees within this non-healthcare organization. The programme’s global scope, with five regions, highlights its relevance and applicability to a diverse range of workplaces. There is potential for replication in other organizations facing similar challenges, ultimately impacting on our society as a whole. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

초등학생의 미디어 활용 및 학교 교육 실태연구

This study examined the perceptions and attitudes of elementary school students in Korea facing a generative artificial intelligence environment in the digital media environment. At the level of the national curriculum in Korea, this study looked at the current status of software education encountered by elementary school students, and analyzed surveys on smartphone use, YouTube and online/mobile games for 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. As a result of the study, there was more time spending to watch YouTube related to non-learning than learning, and the trust in the information encountered on YouTube was high. As a result of a survey on media education experience, the proportion of students who received “education on how to distinguish whether information provided online is true or not” was lower than that of other media education. Therefore, the ability to understand and evaluate the media does not arise by itself as time increases, and it requires a critical perspective and conscious effort to acquire and use information. Finally, it is important to raise awareness of the education students received.

Typology of ICU-Healthcare Providers Who Delayed or Declined COVID-19 Vaccination.

To assess COVID-19 vaccination rates in ICU-healthcare providers (HCPs) in France and to identify the typology of those who delayed or declined vaccination. Cross-sectional study. Twenty-one ICUs in France. Members of the nursing and medical staff and other allied professionals. None. Six hundred ninety-six of the 950 respondents (73.3%) had undergone a full vaccination schedule. Other HCPs either declined vaccination ( n = 112) or delayed vaccination until it became mandatory ( n = 142). Factors independently associated with full vaccination were age older than 50 years (odds ratio, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.12-0.51]), more than 5 years of ICU experience (0.66 [0.47-0.93]), increasing working time during the surge (0.94 [0.88-1.00]), and spending time with the family (0.92 [0.85-0.99]). Conversely, being a nurse (1.94 [1.25-2.99]) or a nurse assistant (2.77 [1.62-4.73]), and feeling not supported by hospital and ICU directors (1.49 [1.01-2.20]) was independently associated with not being vaccinated. These results are important to take into account to better implement vaccination strategies in HCPs for existing or future pandemics.