Exploring cultural differences in the understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias among Alaska Natives and providers in Alaska

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of the Native population aged 65+ is projected to increase between 2015 and 2045, from 7‐12%, and informal caregivers and health care providers are ill‐prepared to meet the demand of Alzheimer’s Disease and related disorders (ADRD). There is an increasing urgency to better understand Alaska Native views of ADRD.MethodGuided by Kleinman’s explanatory model of illness, a qualitative, research design was utilized to gather data on experiences with ADRD. 21 interviews with Alaska Native caregivers and 12 interviews with health care providers in rural and urban communities were completed. Using Nvivo qualitative software, thematic analysis was used to obtain cultural perspectives on ADRD. This study was approved by the University and tribal review boards.ResultMany Alaska Natives view ADRD as a natural part of the aging process, resulting in not always seeking medical care. Caregivers challenges included family denial, exhaustion and isolation, and family distancing themselves due to fear and limited understanding of ADRD. Caregiving benefits included spending time with older adult, learning family history, and sharing experiences with other caregivers. Healthcare provider challenges included rigidity of the healthcare system, no research on Alaska Natives, limited health literacy, limited community resources, and no knowledge of Alaska Native views of ADRD.ConclusionUnderstanding the cultural underpinnings of ADRD provides insight into how health care providers can integrate cultural beliefs into treatment to improve the processes of care that may mitigate the impact of ADRD on individuals and families. Culturally‐responsive education and training about ADRD is crucial to connecting Alaska Natives with ADRD to care that can assist them in aging more comfortably