Time-resolved Heat Flux Measurements Research Articles

Investigation of Thermal Effect on Bypass Transition on a High-Pressure Turbine Guide Vane

The role of gas-to-wall temperature ratio on bypass transition along a highly loaded turbine guide vane is investigated through time-resolved heat flux measurements for different flow conditions. The tests are conducted in the von Karman Institute (VKI) isentropic compression tube (CT-2) facility. High response thin films mounted on the vane (VKI LS89 airfoil) coupled with analog circuits are used for the heat flux measurements. The first detectable wall heat flux fluctuations denote the onset of transition which is also evaluated by both the heat transfer coefficient and the intermittency factor distributions along the suction side. The exit Mach number is kept constant during each test by means of a downstream sonic throat while the gas-to-wall temperature ratio is varied from 1.14 to 1.51 by changing the inlet gas temperature. Four test cases are considered for different exit Mach numbers (0.52 and 0.86) and freestream turbulence intensity levels (0.8% and 5.3%) while the isentropic exit chord Reynolds number is maintained at 106. In the present test campaign, the length and the evolution of the phenomenon indicate a measurable effect of the gas-to-wall temperature ratio for test cases with mild pressure gradients.

Time-Resolved Heat Transfer Measurements on the Tip Wall of a Ribbed Channel Using a Novel Heat Flux Sensor—Part I: Sensor and Benchmarks

A novel heat flux sensor was tested that allows for time-resolved heat flux measurements in internal ribbed channels related to the study of passages in gas turbine blades. The working principle of the atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) sensor is based on a thermoelectric field created by a temperature gradient over an yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO) crystal (the transverse Seebeck effect). The sensors very fast frequency response allows for highly time-resolved heat flux measurements up to the 1MHz range. This paper explains the design and working principle of the sensor, as well as the benchmarking of the sensor for several flow conditions. For internal cooling passages, this novel sensor allows for highly accurate, time-resolved measurements of heat transfer coefficients, leading to a greater understanding of the influence of fluctuations in temperature fields.

Time-Averaged and Time-Resolved Heat Flux Measurements on a Turbine Stator Blade Using Two-Layered Thin-Film Gauges

This paper describes the steps undertaken to measure heat flux in a turbine tested in a blowdown windtunnel when using a two-layered thin film gauge array. The sensor consists of a nickel thermoresistor deposited onto a flexible polyamide sheet that can be easily bounded on a substrate using double sided adhesive. The assembly constitutes a two-layered system. First, a numerical algorithm is proposed to extract the wall heat flux from the surface temperature history measured by the thin film gauge. It is very flexible and handles multilayered systems. Then, an original procedure is proposed to determine the thermal properties and the thickness of the different layers. It uses the above numerical algorithm coupled with a minimization routine. The repeatability of the procedure is assessed. Finally, tests are processed according to the proposed method. The results are successfully compared with measurements performed with single-layered thin film gauges.

A technique for measurement of instantaneous heat transfer in steady-flow ambient-temperature facilities

An experimental technique is described for obtaining time-resolved heat flux measurements with high-frequency response (up to 100 kHz) in a steady-flow ambient-temperature facility. The heat transfer test object is preheated and suddenly injected into an established steady flow. Thin-film gauges deposited on the test surface detect the unsteady substrate surface temperature. Analog circuitry designed for use in short-duration facilities and based on one-dimensional semiinfinite heat conduction is used to perform the temperature/heat flux transformation. A detailed description of substrate properties, instrumentation, experimental procedure, and data reduction is given, along with representative results obtained in the stagnation region of a circular cylinder subjected to a wake-dominated unsteady flow. An in-depth discussion of related work is also provided.