Time Poverty Research Articles

Time Poverty among the Young Working Poor: A Pathway from Low Wage to Psychological Well-being through Work-to-Family-Conflict

Time Poverty among the Young Working Poor: A Pathway from Low Wage to Psychological Well-being through Work-to-Family-Conflict

Effects of time management interventions on mental health and wellbeing factors: A protocol for a systematic review.

Poor employee mental health and wellbeing are highly prevalent and costly. Time-related factors such as work intensification and perceptions of time poverty or pressure pose risks to employee health and wellbeing. While reviews suggest that there are positive associations between time management behavior and wellbeing, there is limited rigorous and systematic research examining the effectiveness of time management interventions on wellbeing in the workplace. A thorough review is needed to synthesize time management interventions and their effectiveness to promote employee mental health and wellbeing. A systematic search will be conducted using the following databases: PsychINFO via OVID (1806-Present), Web of Science, Scopus via Elsevier (1976-Present), Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Cochrane Library via Wiley (1992-Present), and MEDLINE via OVID (1946-Present). The review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes on healthy adults in a workplace context. Only studies in English will be included. Two authors will independently perform the literature search, record screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of each study included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data will be critically appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Depending on the data, a meta-analysis or a narrative synthesis will be conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the development of this protocol. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202125715). This review will provide systematic evidence on the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes in the workplace. It will contribute to our understanding of how time management approaches may help to address growing concerns for employee mental health and wellbeing.

Leisure time and parenting in Europe: a more difficult equation for mothers?

AbstractObjectiveThis paper analyzes gender inequalities in leisure time within coresident opposite‐sex couples with and without children at home in five European countries to evaluate the gendered parental impact in leisure time.BackgroundIn European societies, women continue to bear much of the physical and mental burden involved in running a household and managing family life resulting in greater levels of stress and time deprivation. Time spent in leisure has been associated with better physical and psychological wellness. Understanding how gender influences the distribution of leisure time among couples living with and without children at home, and how these effects differ across European countries, is important to understand individual and couples' well‐being.MethodDrawing on information from the Multinational Time Use Study for 15,024 matched couples residing in Spain, Italy, France, Finland, and the United Kingdom, we conduct a series of ordinary‐least‐squares regression analyses with country fixed effects.ResultsThe general trends reveal that women in Europe allocate less time to leisure and that mothers experience lower leisure of high quality compared to their partners when their children are below the age of 5. However, Finnish and British couples exhibit a more egalitarian distribution of leisure time regardless of their parental status, particularly when compared to Italian and Spanish ones.ConclusionThis study unveils a gendered use of leisure time, as well as a gendered parental impact when children are young. However, the impact of women's second shift in leisure time varies across countries, suggesting a cultural and institutional effect.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for researchers, health professionals, and policymakers concerned with understanding and alleviating situations of overstress, time poverty, and depression among women, but especially among mothers of young children.

Identifying Factors That Influence Physical Activity and Healthy Aging Among Older Latino Adults.

For older Latinos, some benefits of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) include enhanced cognitive functioning, decreased loneliness, and reduced premature mortality. Despite LTPA benefits, adults ≥50 years are one of the most inactive age groups in the United States. This qualitative study aimed to add to the limited evidence of LTPA in older Latino adults by exploring the barriers and facilitators for fitness class uptake and park use. Guided by a Social-Ecological Model of Health and Social Determinants of Health theoretical and a phenomenological research design, qualitative research data were collected via 27 personal interviews with Latino adults using a semistructured interview guide. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling strategies in collaboration with community partners. Bicultural data collectors conducted the semistructured interviews over Zoom. Thematic analysis was performed using Dedoose, following an inductive and deductive approach. The main barriers to fitness class attendance and park use were family and/or work commitments, perceived safety, and perceived discrimination. Conversely, the critical facilitators for participation were socialization into a group, social connectedness with group members, fitness instructor characteristics, and exercise history. Findings from this study hold important implications for the design of fitness programming and park-based recreation, including the need to increase the cultural diversity of recreation staff and culturally relevant programming. Future research is needed on time poverty related to family/work commitments and whether discriminatory practices at fitness centers, like ageism and race/ethnicity, influence physical activity behavior.

Can't see the forest for the trees: Time poverty influences construal level and the moderating role of autonomous versus controlled motivation.

In today's fast-paced world, increasing numbers of individuals face time poverty, i.e., having too much to do and not enough time. The current research conducted six studies (total valid N = 1307) examining whether time poverty influences individuals' construal levels and the moderating role of individuals' motivations towards what they do. The results consistently suggest that time poverty leads individuals to adopt more concrete construal regardless of whether time poverty was measured (Study 1) or manipulated either by a scenario (Studies 2a, 3-5) or by a recall task (Study 2b). Concrete construal prioritizes the "how" over the "why" aspect of actions (Studies 1 and 2a) and emphasizes secondary rather than primary features of options (Studies 2b, 3-5). Meanwhile, the results supported the moderating role of motivations (Studies 3-5). Specifically, compared with those experiencing time poverty due to too many things they "have-to" do (controlled motivation), those experiencing time poverty because of too many things they "want-to" do (autonomous motivation) demonstrated weaker tendencies towards adopting concrete construal. Taken together, our findings contribute to the growing literature on how the chronic perception of time poverty shapes the way people feel, think and do.

Access heterogeneities and collection time inequalities of drinking water sources in Ghana: implications for water and development policy

ABSTRACT Time poverty remains a critical issue for water access across the globe. However, research on the time spent for water collection and the factors associated with collection time inequalities and access heterogeneities is limited, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on the 2014 Ghana’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, and statistical and spatial analysis, we apply the concept of “everydayness” of water collection time poverty to examine the factors associated with water collection time inequalities and access heterogeneities of drinking water sources in Ghana. Our analysis shows that 8.6% of households face drinking water collection time poverty and this is prevalent and significant across different socio-economic groups and geographies. The observed geographical heterogeneity and collection time inequality in drinking water sources in this paper adds to the literature in terms of variation in household water insecurity across time and space. The water policy implications of these findings are discussed, and we highlight strategies to rethink drinking water security in the Global South.

It’s About Time, Part II: Does Time Poverty Contribute to Inequitable College Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity?

Existing research demonstrates gender- and race/ethnicity-based inequities in college outcomes. Separately, recent research suggests a relationship between time poverty and college outcomes for student parents and online students. However, to date, no studies have empirically explored whether differential access to time as a resource for college may explain differential outcomes by gender or race/ethnicity. To address this, this study explored the relationship between time poverty, gender or race/ethnicity, and college outcomes at a large urban public university with two and four year campuses. Time poverty explained a significant proportion of differential outcomes (retention and credit accumulation) by gender and race/ethnicity. More time-poor groups also dedicated a larger proportion of their (relatively limited) discretionary time to their education, suggesting that inequitable distributions of time may contribute to other negative outcomes (e.g., reduced time for sleep, exercise, healthcare). This suggests that time poverty is a significant but understudied equity issue in higher education.

An exploration of the antecedents and consequences of judges’ time poverty at work: A qualitative study

An exploration of the antecedents and consequences of judges’ time poverty at work: A qualitative study

Gender Issues that Influence Financial Inclusion of Rural Women in Developing Nations.

Rural women in the developing world often face barriers that hinder them from benefiting from the formal financial sector. They experience structural challenges which frustrate their efforts to participate meaningfully in rural development processes as a result of this financial exclusion. This subsequently leads to the feminization of poverty thereby reducing their chances for social mobility. This paper analyses the gender issues influence these rural women’s financial inclusion. The paper mainly relied on desk research to identify and analyses common factors influencing rural women in the developing world’s financial inclusion in the contemporary world. The researchers utilized a systematic literature review method to identify and analyse information related to rural women’s financial inclusion. This entailed a robust internet search for different articles deemed relevant to the topic under study. The search revealed that rural women face challenges to do with time poverty, rural-urban gender gap, and lack of gender mainstreaming and patriarchal barriers. Basing on the factors highlighted above, the paper recommends that women should be helped to acquire saving techniques, improve their mobility, coopted into agricultural leadership positions, enhance their access to and participation in livestock production and have their self-concept improved. There is also need for structural changes where the government and other development agencies gender mainstream different financial services and projects offered in rural areas and to promote gender sensitive training for rural women programmes. They should consider cultural, psychological and legislative barriers that hinder rural women’s financial inclusion so as to improve access to financial products and services. Contract farming companies should also consider the implementation of contracts plus programmes.

Conceptualization of time poverty and its impact on well-being: From the perspective of scarcity theory

Conceptualization of time poverty and its impact on well-being: From the perspective of scarcity theory

Facing a time crunch: Time poverty and travel behaviour in Canada

Transportation scholars are keenly interested in the relationship between transportation and subjective well-being. To date, this body of scholarship has not addressed feelings of time pressure. We use the time crunch index from Canada's 2015 General Social Survey (GSS) to analyze the role that transportation resources, travel behavior, and social demographics play in respondents’ self-reported experiences of time pressure. We find that resources and daily travel strongly affect the time crunch index and are compounded by the large effect of sociodemographic vulnerability, namely being a woman, immigrant, or member of an ethnic minority, and having a condition of disability. Our analysis presents a new approach for transportation scholars to measure the relationship between social well-being and transportation grounded in several decades of social science research on time use and well-being.

Addressing gender inequalities and strengthening women's agency to create more climate-resilient and sustainable food systems

Climate change affects every aspect of the food system, including all nodes along agri-food value chains from production to consumption, the food environments in which people live, and outcomes, such as diets and livelihoods. Men and women often have specific roles and responsibilities within food systems, yet structural inequalities (formal and informal) limit women's access to resources, services, and agency. These inequalities affect the ways in which men and women experience and are affected by climate change. In addition to gender, other social factors are at play, such as age, education, marital status, and health and economic conditions. To date, most climate change policies, investments, and interventions do not adequately integrate gender. If climate-smart and climate-resilient interventions do not adequately take gender differences into account, they might exacerbate gender inequalities in food systems by, for instance, increasing women's labor burden and time poverty, reducing their access to and control over income and assets, and reducing their decision-making power. At the same time, women's contributions are critical to make food systems more resilient to the negative impacts of climate change, given their specialized knowledge, skills and roles in agri-food systems, within the household, at work and in their communities. Increasing the resilience of food systems requires going beyond addressing gendered vulnerabilities to climate change to create an enabling environment that supports gender equality and women's empowerment, by removing structural barriers and rigid gender norms, and building equal power dynamics, as part of a process of gender transformative change. For this to happen, more research is needed to prioritize structural barriers that need to be removed and to identify effective gender transformative approaches.

The Profound Influence of Time Poverty on Women’s Work–Life Conflict

The Profound Influence of Time Poverty on Women’s Work–Life Conflict

Adaptive social protection in Indonesia: Stress‐testing the effect of a natural disaster on poverty and vulnerability

AbstractIndonesia is among the countries with the highest exposure to natural disasters, and risks are expected to increase due to climate change. Natural disasters and other shocks require well‐developed social protection systems that can cushion the economic consequences for those most vulnerable to these events. International stakeholders advocate for ‘Adaptive Social Protection’ which links social policy with strategies on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. This article uses the tax‐benefit microsimulation model INDOMOD to analyse the adaptiveness of the Indonesian social protection system by simulating an income shock caused by a natural disaster and testing reforms to the existing social protection system. We find that the existing system generally performs well in lifting people out of poverty in normal times but does not sufficiently help them to prepare for and cope with shocks. This is especially the case for large households, households with more than two children, people in their 20s and 80s and individuals with a disability. The tested hypothetical reforms reduce the impact of the shock and better target those identified as needing more support but require a substantial increase in social spending.

Confessions of a Crap Visual Researcher

Participatory photographic methods aim to redress researcher bias and privilege by involving non-researchers in subject inquiry. When considering the commitment of researchers and the generosity of participants, approaches can be difficult to evaluate and replicate. Moreover, expectations of rigour can create additional pressures, particularly when researchers face increased scrutiny over budget usage, eco-consciousness, stricter ethics guidelines, time-management, and administrative requirements. While photographers considering participatory methods are advised to think carefully about the suitability, less is made of the value of failure or the messiness of photographic practice. This paper is a critical reflection on participatory components of practice-led research in Japan over ten years. Specifically, it problematizes two photographic research projects where participation resulted in methodological shifts in the author’s creative practice. Recognizing the tension between learning from everyday camera users and emancipating them from photography’s various programs, it considers rendering visible uncertainties and time poverty – though not attractive – for shared inquiries.

Time and day: trends in student access to online asynchronous courses in communication demonstrate time poverty in action

ObjectiveAs changes to higher education following the rapid transition to online learning resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students and their perceptions of what is possible in scheduling their daily lives around school, this study investigates trends in student access to online asynchronous courses.MethodsThis study utilized course reports of student access from the learning management system for thirty-one sections of eleven different online asynchronous communication courses taught by ten different faculty members over the fall and spring semesters at a large research university in the southwestern United States. A total sample size of 1,201 students were involved in the study.ResultsProfile Analyses indicate clear curvilinear trends for time of day and day of the week in student course access. Repeated Measures ANOVA results indicate those trends vary significantly from a no effect condition, suggesting that students: (a) schedule their course activities around personal schedules, and (b) that time bound synchronous course may not work for them.ConclusionRecommendations for class management by instructors relating to student time poverty need regardless of teaching modality, and future directions for research on time poverty in higher education, are provided.

Why do we never have enough time? Economic inequality fuels the perception of time poverty by aggravating status anxiety.

People in many societies report that they do not have enough time. What makes people feel so rushed? We propose that economic inequality leads to perceived time poverty by increasing status anxiety. Five studies examined this line of reasoning. Study 1 (N = 230) found a positive correlation between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. Study 2 (N = 194) manipulated economic inequality to test the causal link between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. The results showed that people perceived more time poverty in the high (vs. low) economic inequality condition. Study 3 (N = 381) supported the mediating role of status anxiety in the relationship between economic inequality and perceived time poverty using a questionnaire survey. Study 4 (pre-registered; N = 283) manipulated economic inequality in an ecological valid way and yielded further support for the hypotheses. In pre-registered Study 5 (N = 233), a blockage manipulation design was employed to test the mediating effect of status anxiety as a function of economic inequality, which provided causal evidence for the proposed mediator. Our findings suggest that economic inequality serves as a structural societal factor that fuels people's perception of time poverty.

Addressing Time Poverty among Women in Nigeria Through Building of Infrastructures

Time is an asset available to every individual in equal measure. However, this finite resource is not used by men and women in equal measure. The expected roles of both gender as well as availability or lack of basic infrastructures determine how much time one spends in paid work, unpaid care work, domestic chores, rest or leisure. Paid work, the burden of unpaid care work and domestic chores which fall on women as a result of social norms, and poor access to basic time-saving infrastructures are strong factors that make women time-poor and deprive them of sufficient time for rest, leisure, personal care and full labour force participation. This qualitative research analyses from the voices of the poor, the roots and effects of time poverty on women in Nigeria. It concludes with some strategic measures to combat time poverty and promote women’s quality economic productivity and general wellbeing.
 
 Received: 30 August 2023 / Accepted: 24 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

Man, Woman, and Water: Exploring Gender Dynamics in Urban Water Clean Access in Makassar City

Gender dynamics play a significant role in shaping access to clean water in urban areas. This study examines the disparities in burdens between men and women and highlights the spectrum of gender dynamics related to clean water access. The research was conducted in the Tallo district of Makassar City, characterized by slums and low-income households. Data were collected through interviews with 200 heads of households using a self-administered questionnaire and combined with participatory observation. The study reveals that adult women (mothers, wives, aunts, sisters, and sisters-in-law) experience more significant burdens in aspects of water collection, time poverty, health and safety risks, hygiene, and sanitation compared to adult men (fathers, husbands, uncles, and brothers). Regarding decision-making power in water access, heavy burdens are experienced by male children (sons and nephews) and female children (daughters and nieces). Women often face more significant challenges in obtaining safe and affordable water access due to gender role demands in domestic tasks and limited water infrastructure affecting water distribution in the community. The study underscores the need for gender-focused interventions to promote equitable access to clean water in Makassar City and empower women in water resource management and decision-making, improving water infrastructure.

Sociodemographic inequities in unscheduled asthma care visits among public assistance recipients in Japan: additional risk by household composition among workers

BackgroundPublic assistance programs aim to prevent financial poverty by guaranteeing a minimum income for basic needs, including medical care. However, time poverty also matters, especially in the medical care adherence of people with chronic diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between the dual burden of working and household responsibilities, with unscheduled asthma care visits among public assistance recipients in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included public assistance recipients from two municipalities. We obtained participants’ sociodemographic data in January 2016 from the public assistance database and identified the incidence of asthma care visits. Participants’ unscheduled asthma visits and the frequency of asthma visits were used as the outcome variables. Unscheduled visits were defined as visits by recipients who did not receive asthma care during the first three months of the observation period. Participants’ age, sex, household composition, and work status were used as explanatory variables. Multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed to calculate the cumulative incidence ratio (IR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of unscheduled visits across the explanatory variables. The effect of modification on the work status by household composition was also examined.ResultsWe identified 2,386 recipients at risk of having unscheduled visits, among which 121 patients (5.1%) had unscheduled visits. The multivariable Poisson regression revealed that the working recipients had a higher incidence of unscheduled visits than the non-working recipients (IR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.07). Among working recipients, the IRs of unscheduled visits were higher among recipients cohabiting with adults (IR 1.90 95% CI 1.00–3.59) and with children (IR 2.35, 95% CI 1.11–4.95) than for recipients living alone. Among non-working recipients, the IRs of unscheduled visits were lower for recipients living with family (IR 0.74, 95% CI 0.41–1.35) and those living with children (IR 0.50, 95% CI 0.20–1.23). A higher frequency in asthma visits was observed among working recipients living with family.ConclusionsWorking adults cohabiting with children are at the greatest risk of unscheduled visits among adults receiving public assistance. To support healthy lifestyles of public assistance recipients, medical care providers and policymakers should pay special attention to the potentially underserved populations.