Sterilization Time Research Articles

A comparative study of Essure® hysteroscopic sterilisation versus laparoscopic sterilisation

The purpose of this study is to compare success rate, patient satisfaction, discomfort, procedure time and intraoperative adverse events of hysteroscopic (Essure®) versus laparoscopic sterilisation. This study includes a retrospective case–control comparative study of 70 patients who had laparoscopic or hysteroscopic sterilisation performed. Systematic chart review for the documentation of preoperative counselling, operative time, intraoperative complications, documentation of correct application of Essure® and Filshie® clips and duration of hospital stay was also done. Patient follow-up was arranged and a questionnaire completed including details of postoperative pain, satisfaction of procedure, recovery time and compliance with confirmatory hysterosalpingogram attendance and associated pain. The main outcome measures were pregnancy rate following attempted tubal blockage, return to normal activity and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcome measures include patient discomfort, procedure time, device placement, compliance with hysterosalpingogram, postoperative complications and recovery time. There is a statistical difference in favour of Essure® for postoperative pain, operative time, return to work/normal activity and hospital stay with no difference in complications or pregnancy. As a conclusion, Essure® is a safe and effective alternative to laparoscopic sterilisation with significantly less procedure-related pain.

Development of a compact induction-heated autoclave with a dramatically shortened sterilization cycle in orthodontic clinics

PurposeThis article reviews the development of a compact autoclave with a dramatically shortened running time that did not compromise the quality of its sterilization properties including orthodontic appliances, orthodontic mini-implants (anchor screws), instruments and other dental items. Materials and methodsInduction heating (IH) mechanisms were employed to produce a more compact machine and shorten sterilization sufficiently so that it could be used at chair-side. Intravessel pressure was estimated by a pressure gauge mounted in the lid of the sterilization vessel. A digital multimeter with a K thermocouple set in the lid of the vessel was used to monitor this intravessel temperature.The level of sterilization achieved with a conventional autoclave and an IH autoclave was quantified by the biological indicator containing vials of Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacteria in growth media. ResultsWe found that the minimum effective sterilizing time after reaching the operating pressure was 25, 15, 12.5, 10 and 5min at 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.50MPa with a compact IH mechanism, respectively. Combining the values with (i) the time taken to achieve the operating pressure and (ii) ∼2–3min for cooling and removal of sterilized items gave the total sterilization cycle time, which were, on average, 30, 22, 19, 18 and 13min at 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.50MPa, respectively. ConclusionsIH mechanism is useful for compact and speedy autoclave, which reduce total sterilisation time by 40–80% compared with conventional autoclaves.

Female sterilization and refertilization

ObjectiveTo analyze data on sterilization and refertilization procedures that took place at Orbis Medical Center in Sittard, a hospital in the south of the Netherlands. Study designRetrospective cohort study of surgical tubal sterilizations performed on 966 patients for contraception between 2002 and 2011, and of 19 patients who underwent refertilization between 2002 and 2012. The main outcome measures were complications and failure rates of sterilization, motives for refertilization and pregnancy rates after refertilization. The t test and nonparametric tests were used to determine differences between groups and proportions. ResultsBetween 2002 and 2011, the number of sterilizations declined. Almost all the patients (99.8%) underwent laparoscopic sterilization. The most common method of sterilization used Filshie clips, and was used in 99.7% of the women. The median age at the time of sterilization was 37 years. The failure rate was 0.3%. All procedures were uneventful. The number of refertilizations during this time period also declined. The median time between sterilization and refertilization was 65 months. Patients who underwent refertilization were significantly younger at time of sterilization than patients who did not (p<0.001). After refertilization, 12 patients (63.2%) became pregnant. ConclusionsThe complication and failure rates of laparoscopic sterilization are low. The number of laparoscopic sterilizations and the number of refertilizations are both declining. Still, refertilization is a safe procedure and gives a significant chance of becoming pregnant.

Trends in Average Living Children at the Time of Terminal Contraception: A Time Series Analysis Over 27 Years Using ARIMA (p, d, q) Nonseasonal Model.

Background:India's National Family Welfare Programme is dominated by sterilization, particularly tubectomy. Sterilization, being a terminal method of contraception, decides the final number of children for that couple. Many studies have shown the declining trend in the average number of living children at the time of sterilization over a short period of time. So this study was planned to do time series analysis of the average children at the time of terminal contraception, to do forecasting till 2020 for the same and to compare the rates of change in various subgroups of the population.Materials and Methods:Data was preprocessed in MS Access 2007 by creating and running SQL queries. After testing stationarity of every series with augmented Dickey-Fuller test, time series analysis and forecasting was done using best-fit Box-Jenkins ARIMA (p, d, q) nonseasonal model. To compare the rates of change of average children in various subgroups, at sterilization, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied.Results:Forecasting showed that the replacement level of 2.1 total fertility rate (TFR) will be achieved in 2018 for couples opting for sterilization. The same will be achieved in 2020, 2016, 2018, and 2019 for rural area, urban area, Hindu couples, and Buddhist couples, respectively. It will not be achieved till 2020 in Muslim couples.Conclusion:Every stratum of population showed the declining trend. The decline for male children and in rural area was significantly faster than the decline for female children and in urban area, respectively. The decline was not significantly different in Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist couples.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures after sterilisation with 0.25% peracetic acid

Abstract Introduction: Sterilisation using peracetic acid (PAA) has been advocated for orthodontic elastic bands. However, cane-loaded elastomeric ligatures can also become contaminated during processing, packaging, and manipulation before placement in the oral cavity and are therefore susceptible, and possible causes, of cross-contamination. Aim: To test the hypothesis that 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), following the sterilisation of elastomers, influences the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures on L929 cell lines. Materials and methods: Four hundred and eighty silver elastomeric ligatures were divided into 4 groups of 120 ligatures to produce, Group TP (latex natural, bulk pack, TP Orthodontics), Group M1 (Polyurethane, bulk pack, Morelli), Group M2 (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Morelli) and Group U (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Uniden). Of the 120 ligatures in each group, 100 were sterilised in 0.25% PAA at time intervals (N = 20) of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The 20 remaining elastomeric ligatures in each group were not sterilised and served as controls. Cytotoxicity was assessed using L929 cell lines and a dye-uptake method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p &lt; 0.05) determined statistical relevance. Results: There was a significant difference between TP, Morelli and Uniden elastomerics (p &lt; 0.05), but no difference between the two types of Morelli elastomerics at the 1 hour time interval. In addition, there was a significant difference between Group CC and the other groups assessed, except between Groups CC and TP at the 1 hour time interval. The non-sterilised elastomeric ligatures showed similar cell viability to that observed after 1 hour of standard sterilisation. Conclusion: PAA did not significantly influence the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures after a sterilisation time of 1 hour and is therefore recommended for clinical use.

Sterilization of Turmeric by Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

In this study atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has been employed for sterilizing dry turmeric powders. A 6 kV, 6 kHz frequency generator was used to generate plasma with Ar, Ar/O2, He, and He/O2 gases between the 5 mm gap of two quartz covered electrodes. The complete sterilization time of samples due to plasma treatment was measured. The most important contaminant of turmeric is bacillus subtilis. The results show that the shortest sterilization time of 15 min is achieved by exposing the samples to Ar/O2 plasma. Survival curves of samples are exponential functions of time and the addition of oxygen to plasma leads to a significant increase of the absolute value of time constant of the curves. Magnitudes of protein and DNA in treated samples were increased to a similar value for all samples. Taste, color, and solubility of samples were not changed after the plasma treatment.

The disinfection effects of different sterilization methods on the breast duct endoscope

Objective To investigate the disinfection effects of different sterilization methods on the breast duct endoscope.Methods The breast duct endoscope were disinfected by low temperature ethylene oxide sterilization and 2％ alkaline glutaraldehyde immersion sterilization.The effect of disinfection,equipment operation loss rate,the use of test cases and medical satisfaction were compared between two kinds of disinfection method.Results Biological monitoring qualification rate between two kinds of disinfection methods were no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Low temperature sterilization sterilization time was shorter,effective time after sterilization was longer;toxicity reaction rate was less,the use of test cases were more,compared with soaking method,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The disinfection effect satisfaction of medical staff for low temperature sterilization was significantly higher than that of soaking method (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Low temperature ethylene oxide sterilization disinfection is fast,safe,good quality; it can be used as the preferred disinfection method in breast duct endoscope. Key words: Low temperature ethylene oxide sterilization; Glutaraldehyde; Breast duct endoscope; Disinfection effect

Risk-reducing salpingectomy at the time of benign hysterectomy and permanent sterilization: A survey of obstetricians/gynecologists

Risk-reducing salpingectomy at the time of benign hysterectomy and permanent sterilization: A survey of obstetricians/gynecologists

Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis and meningitis with intraventricular colistin after application of a loading dose: a case series

Treatment results of six post-neurosurgical ventriculitis and meningitis cases caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii after application of an intraventricular loading dose of 500000 IU (40mg) of colistin followed by a dose of 125000–250000 IU (10–20mg) every 24–48h plus parenteral colistin are reported. Simultaneous bacteraemia with an identical Acinetobacter strain was observed in three patients. The mean duration of treatment was 17.2 days (range 15–21 days) and the median time of sterilisation of cerebrospinal fluid was 2.5 days (range 1–5 days). All patients were cured, however one patient presented with chemical meningitis and one with chemical ventriculitis, conditions that clinically and biochemically resemble bacterial meningitis.

Transport behavior of sterilization of canned liquid-food

A perspective on the evolution of liquid-food thermal sterilization and the importance of mathematical modeling and the role of computational numerical analysis in the estimation of equivalent sterilization time is presented in this work.

Towards a wireless sensor system for real-time H2O2monitoring in aseptic food processes

A wireless sensor system based on the industrial ZigBee standard for low-rate wireless networking was developed that enables real-time monitoring of gaseous H2O2 during the package sterilization in aseptic food processes. The sensor system consists of a remote unit connected to a calorimetric gas sensor, which was already established in former works, and an external base unit connected to a laptop computer. The remote unit was built up by an XBee radio frequency (RF) module for data communication and a programmable system-on-chip controller to read out the sensor signal and process the sensor data, whereas the base unit is a second XBee RF module. For the rapid H2O2 detection on various locations inside the package that has to be sterilized, a novel read-out strategy of the calorimetric gas sensor was established, wherein the sensor response is measured within the short sterilization time and correlated with the present H2O2 concentration. In an exemplary measurement application in an aseptic filling machinery, the suitability of the new, wireless sensor system was demonstrated, wherein the influence of the gas velocity on the H2O2 distribution inside a package was determined and verified with microbiological tests.

An efficient electrochemical disinfection of E. coli and S. aureus in drinking water using ferrocene–PAMAM–multiwalled carbon nanotubes–chitosan nanocomposite modified pyrolytic graphite electrode

This work reported an efficient electrochemical treatment for drinking water disinfection using a pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with ferrocenyl tethered poly(amidoamine) dendrimers–multiwalled carbon nanotubes–chitosan nanocomposite. The influence parameters of electrochemical disinfection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, such as applied potential and sterilization time, were investigated. Further investigation indicated that almost all (99.99 %) of the initial bacteria were killed after applying a low potential of 0.4 V for 10 min. During the electrochemical disinfection process, the oxidized form of ferrocene was formed on electrode, which played a key role in the disinfection towards E. coli and S. aureus. Hence, the proposed method may provide potential application for the disinfection of drinking water.

Optimization of processing conditions for the sterilization of retorted short-rib patties using the response surface methodology

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum sterilization conditions for short-rib patties in retort trays by considering microbiological safety, nutritive value, sensory characteristics, and textural properties. In total, 27 sterilization conditions with various temperatures, times, and processing methods were tested using a 33 factorial design. The response surface methodology (RSM) and contour analysis were applied to find the optimum sterilization conditions for the patties. Quality attributes were significantly affected by the sterilization temperature, time, and processing method. From RSM and contour analysis, the final optimum sterilization condition of the patties that simultaneously satisfied all specifications was determined to be 119.4°C for 18.55min using a water-cascading rotary mode. The findings of the present study suggest that using optimized sterilization conditions will improve the microbial safety, sensory attributes, and nutritional retention for retorted short-rib patties.

Confirmation of the Sterilization Effect Using a High Concentration of Ozone Gas for the Bio-Clean room

A high-level aseptic environment must be maintained in bio-cleanrooms used for the manufacture of sterile products. In the past, formaldehyde gas was most commonly used to sterilize bio-cleanrooms, but due to strict residual limitations there has been a need to develop a less toxic alternative choice. The authors have developed a revolutionary new sterilization system using a high concentration of ozone gas and used this system to sterilize an actual bio-cleanroom. This system integrates the ozone gas generator with the air conditioning system by proper control. The design specifications for the system included an ozone gas concentration of 200 ppm or more, relative humidity of 80% or more, and a sterilizing time of 120 min. Blow vents and suction ports were placed to ensure a uniform airflow which would extend through the entire room during ozone gas sterilization. Tests regarding long-term material exposure to ozone gas were conducted when the system was introduced to distinguish usable and unusable materials. In an actually constructed cleanroom, simulations were used to predict the evenness of the diffusion of ozone gas concentration and relative humidity during ozone gas sterilization, and measurements of the actual indoor ozone gas concentration, temperature and relative humidity during sterilization revealed that the ozone concentration and relative humidity needed for sterilization had been achieved generally throughout the entire environment. In addition, the CT value (mg/m(3) (=ppm) × min) , derived by multiplying the ozone gas concentration during ozone gas sterilization by the sterilization time, was equal to or greater than the target value of 24 × 10(3) (ppm·min) . When the results of sterilization in a cleanroom were confirmed using a biological indicator (BI) , negative results were obtained at all measurement points, demonstrating that sterilization was being performed effectively in the actual factory at which the ozone gas sterilization system had been introduced.

Chair side disinfection of gutta - percha points - An in vitro comparative study between 5 different agents at different concentrations

Objectives:. The objectives of present study are: 1) To compare sterilizing effect on gutta-percha points of five disinfectant solutions: Povidone iodine (5%), Sodium hypochlorite (5%), Ethyl alcohol (95%), Hydrogen peroxide (3%) and a combination of Chlorhexidine (1.5%) and Cetrimide (15%) in equal proportions. 2) To find out which disinfectant solution requires less time for effective sterilization of gutta-percha points. Study design: Gutta-percha cones exposed to dental chair-side clinical environment were treated with above mentioned disinfectant solutions for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 minutes. They were later cultured into thioglycolate media at 37° C and observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours for turbidity. Those showing turbidity were sub-cultured for aerobic bacteria in blood agar, MacConkey's agar and chocolate agar at 37° C for 24-48 hours and for anaerobic bacteria in anaerobic blood agar at 37° C for 5 days. Microorganisms were identified by Gram stain and standard microbiological techniques. Results: The results showed that Sodium hypochlorite (5%) and a combination of Chlorhexidine (1.5%) and Cetrimide (15%) were found to be the most effective chemical disinfectants in sterilizing gutta-percha. Conclusion: All the disinfectant agents used in the study were found to be effective in sterilizing the gutta-percha points. However, there were differences in the time taken by these solutions in disinfecting the gutta-percha points. Sodium hypochlorite (5%) and combination of Chlorhexidine (1.5%) + Cetrimide (15%) achieved disinfection of the gutta-percha cones with the immersion time of 1 minute.

Industrially Relevant Canning Trials with a Sterilisation Time–Temperature Integrator

Food sterilisation, i.e. heating to above 120 °C for several min, still remains a primary method of food preservation. Current time–temperature integrators (TTIs), used to assess the thermal impact, only work at pasteurisation temperatures (below 100 °C). The aim of this work was to develop and validate a sterilisation TTI using an α-amylase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus. Previous experiments have found that this α-amylase has a z value similar to that of Clostridium botulinum spores and the enzyme is sufficiently heat resistant to show a measurable residual activity after 30 min at 121 °C. Analysis found a D value of 24 min and a slightly variable z value of around 11 °C. The decrease in enzymatic activity from thermal processing was found after a F121°C process of 5 min to be 67 %, and for a F121°C of 30 min it was 12 %, thus making P. furiosus α-amylase a strong and relevant candidate for a sterilisation TTI. Trials with canned water and mango chutney as test materials have confirmed the potential application of the enzyme within an industrially relevant setting of a model reel and spiral retort. The thermal data showed that at low or marginal F121°C values, of less than 15 min, the correlation between the TTI and thermocouple data was closely comparable (R 2 = 0.96). The applicability of these TTIs over the range of industrial processes is also shown.

Pulsating Vacuum Sterilizer

Pulsating vacuum sterilizer uses AT89C52 as the core and acquires the temperature signal and pressure signal inside the sterilizer by pulsating vacuum sterilization principle, through the SCM analysis operation, with Fuzzy control algorithm, and sends out control signals, thereby realizes the pulse vacuum sterilization. System has the functions such as the parameter settings, real-time parameter display, parameter over-limit alarm, shortening the work period on the premise of ensuring the sterilization effect, sterilization time is shortened by 2/3 compared with the conventional high pressure steam sterilization, reduces the damage to a sterilized material, and has a higher performance-to-price ratio, a safety and reliable system operation, with important application value for the practical sterilization.

액상커피와 식혜의 HACCP 시스템 적용을 위한 살균공정의 한계기준 설정

본 연구는 식혜와 액상 커피의 제조 공정중 HACCP system을 이용하여 한계 기준 설정을 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 살균공정의 한계 기준 설정은 충북 진천시 소재의 P사에서 약 30일 (2012년 4월 1~30일) 동안 살균온도와 시간을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 멸균전에는 식혜와 액상 커피에서 미생물이 검출되었다. 반면에 식혜(238mL Can, 500mL and 300mL PP, 1.8L PP)에서 모든 미생물은 살균(<TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 <TEX>$15{\pm}1$</TEX>, <TEX>$35{\pm}1$</TEX> and <TEX>$45{\pm}1$</TEX>분) 후에는 검출되지 않았고, 액상 커피도 살균(<TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX>분)후 검출되지 않았다. 가장 적당한 온도와 시간을 결정하기 위한 살균기 조건은 <TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX>분이었다. 결론적으로, 살균공정은 유해미생물(일반세균, 대장균군, 병원성 미생물)를 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는 좋은 대안이 될 것이다. 따라서 품질 유지와 생물학적 안전성을 위한 살균 온도와 시간의 한계기준은<TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX>분으로 설정하였다. 그리고 HACCP 계획은 살균 공정중 모니터링 방법과 모니터링 주기, 문제 해결 방법, 교육, 훈련, 기록 관리 등을 위하여 필요하여 이를 제안하고자 한다. The purpose of this study was to apply in the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical control) system of liquefied coffee and sikhe. The establishment of Critical limit during sterilization processing was measured by sterilization temperature and sterilization time for 30 days from April 1~30, 2012, and it was conducted at P company in Jincheon (Chungcheongbuk-do), korea. As a result, microbial(coliform, bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and yeast & mold) of sikhe and liquefied coffee were detected before sterilization. In contrat, all microbial was not detected to Sikhe(238mL Can, 500mL and 300mL PP, 1.8L PP) after sterilization (<TEX>$15{\pm}1$</TEX>, <TEX>$35{\pm}1$</TEX> and <TEX>$45{\pm}1$</TEX> mins at <TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, respectively) and Liquefied coffee was not detected after sterilization(<TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX> mins). The sterilizer condition for deciding the most temperature and time were <TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX> mins. In conclusion, the sterilization process would be a great alternative to prevention, decreasing and removing of harmful microorganism, such as general bacteria, coliform and pathogenic bacteria etc. Therefore, the critical limit of sterilization temperature and time for quality control and biosafety was established at <TEX>$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$20{\pm}1$</TEX> mins. And it suggests that HACCP plan is necessary for monitoring method, monitoring cycle, solving method, education, training and record management during sterilization processing.

Novel Method of Sterilization of Porcine Liver Bio-Scaffold Using the Electrolyzed Water

Introduction: Tissue-engineered liver bio-scaffolds are in need to be sterilized to meet the clinical application requirements. Although there are many techniques used for sterilization, each one has advantages and disadvantages which may adversely affect the ECM properties. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SlAEW) which contains free chlorine, is considered to be effective for disinfection. SlAEW is generated by the electrolysis of a solution containing low NaCl concentration. It has a strong bactericidal activity and disinfection potential against viruses including hepatitis B and C viruses. The aim of the study to develop a new technique which enables the researchers to sterilize not only the liver scaffold but also all kinds of scaffolds with minimal effects on the ECM properties. Methods: Fresh porcine livers were sliced and decellularized using 0.1%SDS. Decellularization was evaluated by histological and biochemical (DNA, glycosaminoglycan and collagen content) analyses. Sterilization was done by the slightly acidic electrolyzed water for different periods (20min,1hour & 2hours) for optimization the sufficient time for sterilization. Analysis of the sterilization efficiency was done by microbiological tests. The morphological and biochemical changes were analyzed after the sterilization. We also evaluated the effect of sterilization on the host cell attachment, proliferation and short term viability using in vitro bioactivity tests. Results: The use of SlAEW resulted in generation of a sterilized scaffold with minimal effect on the ECM components and structure. The in vitro bioactivity test revealed that scaffold treated by SlAEW can support the attachment, viability and proliferation of cells. Conclusion: We conclude that the biologic porcine liver scaffold can be sterilized with the electrolyzed water and still retain its bioactivity. This work was also supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 program (No.P J008030,J008032), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Food Sterilization in a Still Can

Cylindrical liquid can of water and CMC was simulated by solving the governing equations for continuity, momentum and energy conservation, using “COMSOL®” multiphysical coupling field software package which based on finite element method of analysis. Through finding out cold spot of 100 °C, 105 °C，110°C and 115°C in the can and sterilization minimum value spot, temperature and sterilization value were compared. The results indicated that there were differences between cold spot and F minimum value spot. thus, in order to ensuring food safety, the original sterilization time should be moderately prolong, especially for thinlyfluid.