Time In Several Years Research Articles

The Swiss Federal Supreme Court’s Fire Ring Decision and the Evaluation of Works of Applied Art Under Copyright Law – A Burning Topic

Abstract In its most recent Fire Ring decision, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court had to rule on the copyright protection of works of applied art for the first time in several years. Works of applied art are included in the Swiss Copyright Act in Art. 2(2)(f) as a separate category of protected works, distinguished from other categories of works because they serve a utilitarian purpose and combine practical applicability with an additional aesthetic appeal. In light of the most recent CJEU decisions regarding copyright protection of works of applied art and industrial design, specifically its decisions in Brompton (GRUR International 2020, 969) and Cofemel (GRUR International 2020, 322) the Swiss Federal Supreme Court had the opportunity – not being directly bound by Union law – to position itself with regard to EU judicial practice and at the same time update its own sparse and partly outdated case law. However, it clearly failed to do so, not only from a legal-theoretical perspective but also from a case-specific perspective, and this raises some additional questions that deserve to be addressed.

Intervention Mapping as a Framework for Developing and Testing an Intervention to Promote Safety at a Rail Infrastructure Maintenance Company

In this article, the authors apply the intervention mapping (IM) protocol to develop safety leadership training for a rail infrastructure maintenance company. The IM protocol helps to create an evidence-based intervention in a structured way, based on concrete evidence. The application of IM within the occupational safety domain is limited, a research gap that this article bridges with the development and testing of a safety leadership intervention to promote safety behavior among managers. The company was positively and actively engaged in the training program thanks to the IM protocol. The local support group took full advantage of the opportunities to provide input during the development of the training’s various components. Despite this, interpersonal problems within the leadership team itself, such as a lack of psychological safety, were not identified during the needs assessment. These issues had an impact on the overall effectiveness of the training, as they manifested during the training when managers met physically for the first time in several years (due to the coronavirus). Our IM protocol will be adjusted accordingly for future applications, and we hope that sharing our experiences will enable fellow researchers to avoid this problem.

Short-range interactions between fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells in COPD bronchial inflammatory response

Bronchi of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the site of extensive cell infiltration, allowing persistent contact between resident cells and immune cells. Tissue fibrocytes interaction with CD8+ T cells and its consequences were investigated using a combination of in situ, in vitro experiments and mathematical modeling. We show that fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells are found in the vicinity of distal airways and that potential interactions are more frequent in tissues from COPD patients compared to those of control subjects. Increased proximity and clusterization between CD8+ T cells and fibrocytes are associated with altered lung function. Tissular CD8+ T cells from COPD patients promote fibrocyte chemotaxis via the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis. Live imaging shows that CD8+ T cells establish short-term interactions with fibrocytes, that trigger CD8+ T cell proliferation in a CD54- and CD86-dependent manner, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity against bronchial epithelial cells and fibrocyte immunomodulatory properties. We defined a computational model describing these intercellular interactions and calibrated the parameters based on our experimental measurements. We show the model’s ability to reproduce histological ex vivo characteristics, and observe an important contribution of fibrocyte-mediated CD8+ T cell proliferation in COPD development. Using the model to test therapeutic scenarios, we predict a recovery time of several years, and the failure of targeting chemotaxis or interacting processes. Altogether, our study reveals that local interactions between fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells could jeopardize the balance between protective immunity and chronic inflammation in the bronchi of COPD patients.

Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities.

Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities.

Time dependence of 137Cs contamination in wild Japanese monkeys after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident

Over the 10 years immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, we measured the changes in the muscle 137Cs concentration (Bq/kg) of wild Japanese monkeys living in Fukushima City, which is located approximately 70 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The muscle137Csconcentration, which was observed at a maximum of 13,500 Bq/kg immediately after the accident, had decreased to several hundred Bq/kg 10 years later. The muscle 137Cs concentration was significantly related to the soil contamination levels (10,000–30,000, 30,000–60,000, 60,000–100,000, and 100,000–300,000 Bq/m2), sex, age class (immature, mature), body weight (> 5000 g, 5000–10,000 g, < 10,000 g), and seasons (the cold period from December to April, the warm period from May to November).The value of muscle 137Cs concentration and the aggregated transfer factor (Tag: calculated by dividing muscle 137Cs concentration [Bq/kg] by soil 137Cs deposition density at the capture site [Bq/m2]) apparently decreased with time for several years. However, post hoc pairwise comparisons showed no difference from 2017 to 2020, and the accumulation of 137Cs in muscle may continue for some time.

Radical Islam and Ummah in Indonesia in 2021: Actors, Processes and Contradictions

The author analyzes the features of development and the main vectors of transformation of radical political Islam in Indonesia in 2021. It is shown that at the end of 2020, the Indonesian authorities, for the fi rst time in several years, attempted to eliminate radical Islam in its institutionalized form, which led to the ban on the activities of the Islamic Defenders Front and to the arrest of its leader Muhammad Rizieq Shihab. The author analyzes ideological and organizational mutations and changes within the discourse of radical Islam in modern Indonesia. Particular attention is paid to the “new” actors represented by the revived Mashumi Party and the Ummah Party. The author analyzes the emergence of new and the revival of “historical” Islamist parties in the contexts of changes in the political space of radical Islam after the Front for the Defenders of Islam was banned. The article shows how and why Islamism reorganize itself, actively using the possibilities of the virtual space.

Covid-19 Prevention Behavior Model at CV. SST Bandung in 2022

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a new type of coronavirus that has never been previously identified in humans that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to serious illnesses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 spreads from person to person especially when an infected person comes in contact with other people. The purpose of this study was to figure COVID-19 prevention behavior model in workers at CV. SST Bandung, Indonesia. The type of research is observational analytic using a cross sectional design. Stratified random sampling technique with 63 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire with validity and reliability test. Data analysis using Linear regression. The model showed that knowledge, social support, OHS communication, and supervision could be explained varians of prevention behavior of 30.1%. Knowledge has the stronger association with prevention behavior. CV. SST should be increasing workers’s awareness of COVID-19 with any interesting education media and supervision in several times of year

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ИСЛАМ В ИНДОНЕЗИИ В 2021 Г.: УММА МЕЖДУ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЕЙ И РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИЕЙ

The author analyzes the features of development and the main vectors of the transformation of Islamism in Indonesia in 2021. At the end of 2020, the Indonesian authorities, for the first time in several years, attempted to eliminate radical Islam in an institutionalized form, which led to the ban on the activities of the Front for the Defenders of Islam and the arrest of its leader Muhammad Rizieq Shihab. Therefore, Indonesian Islamists met the beginning of 2021 in a state of organizational and ideological uncertainty. The author of the presented article analyzes ideological and organizational mutations and changes within the discourse of political, moderate and radical, Islam in modern Indonesia. It is assumed that the Covid-19 pandemic has become an impetus for the technical modernization of Islam in contexts of its virtualization. The present article analyzes the problems of activation of the oldest, “historical” organi-zations of Indonesian Muslims, including Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama. The author analyzes the congresses held by these organizations in 2021. The article analyzes the role of political parties in the actual history of Indonesian Islamism. Particular attention is paid to the “new” actors represented by the revived Mashumi Party and the Umma Party. The author analyzes the emergence of new and the revival of “historical” Is-lamist parties in contexts of changes in the political space of radical Islam after the Front for the Defenders of Islam was banned. The author believes that the modern Indonesian political Islam is looking for new forms of its own structural self-organization. Therefore, it is shown that Islamism is in the state of reorganization when moderate Islam seeks to use the resources of modernization. The author presumes that both trends are active in the use of virtual space for their development needs.

TRENDS IN BIOENGINEERING PATENTS GRANTED 2000 - 2019

Patent documents contain a wealth of technical information on inventions, often unavailable elsewhere. They are likely underutilized as sources of information about trends in fields of development. Querying patent databases can be challenging, given the inadequacy of keywords and the complex nature of patent classification systems. A collection of Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) main codes were identified that likely relate to patents in bioengineering and biomedical engineering. These codes were used in queries of the free patent search engine that is available from a Lens.org database. Results were filtered for applications or granted patents by patent families to identify trends in inventions within the field from 2000 to 2019. A patent family represents the collection of documents relating to a single invention given that applications are frequently filed in multiple countries. Although patent applications and unique inventions remained steady, the annual number of patents granted has increased from 2000 to 2016. A decline in numbers of granted patents since 2016 is indicative of the lag time of several years between application filing and a determination of patent status. Applicants with high productivity in obtaining granted patents include large international companies as well as some large universities.

Features of the diagnostics and treatment of a rare source of small bowel bleeding — venous malformations of the small bowel with Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (Bean’s syndrome)

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the possibilities of enteroscopy in diagnostics of rare source of small bowel bleeding in patient with blue rubber blue nevus syndrome.A 31-years old patient with severe anemia from the early age applied to our Hospital to diagnose the source of gastrointestinal bleeding. Previously performed EGD and colonoscopy didn’t reveal any sources of bleeding. Scintigraphy detected the signs of ongoing intestinal bleeding. Endoscopic methods (videocapsule and balloon-assisted enteroscopy) revealed multiple venous malformations of small bowel, as the source of gastrointestinal bleeding of «unknown source». The patient was performed surgery — resection of segments of small bowel with malformations. The diagnosis was verified morphologically. Postoperative period was without complications. For the first time in several years the patient had a fully restored level of hemoglobin.

Modeling the electric field at interfaces and surfaces in high-voltage cable systems

PurposeIn high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable systems, space charges accumulate because of the constant applied voltage and the nonlinear electric conductivity of the insulating material. The change in the charge distribution results in a slowly time-varying electric field. Space charges accumulate within the insulation bulk and at interfaces. With an operation time of several years of HVDC systems, typically the stationary electric field is of interest. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of interfaces on the stationary electric field stress and space charge density.Design/methodology/approachAn analytic description of the stationary electric field inside cable insulation is developed and numerical simulations of a cable joint geometry are applied, considering spatial variations of the conductivity in the vicinity of the electrodes and interfaces.FindingsWith increasing conductivity values toward the electrodes, the resulting field stress decreases, whereas a decreasing conductivity results in an increasing electric field. The increased electric field may cause partial discharge, resulting in accelerated aging of the insulation material. Thus, interfaces and surfaces are characterized as critical areas for the reliability of HVDC cable systems.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is restricted to stationary electric field and temperature distributions. The electric field variations during a polarity reversal or a time-varying temperature may result in an increased electric conductivity and electric field at interfaces and surfaces.Originality/valueAn analytical description of the electric field, considering surface effects, is developed. The used conductivity model is applicable for cable and cable-joint insulations, where homo- and hetero-charge effects are simulated. These simulations compare well against measurements.

Physician Burnout and Compassion Fatigue: Individual and Institutional Response to an Emerging Crisis

This paper reviews the recent literature in burnout and compassion fatigue focusing on institutional factors influencing burnout where providers work as well as the individual factors affecting providers. In this review, there is an evaluation of the causes and interventions of burnout and compassion fatigue and areas for intervention. The percentage of those suffering from burnout is decreasing for the first time in several years, and there are interventions to help decrease the impact of burnout and compassion fatigue. For an individual provider, mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, and improved communication appear to be productive approaches to help with burnout. Institutional approaches that mitigate the impact of burnout in healthcare include assessing provider needs and returning some autonomy and control over workload to the provider. Burnout and compassion fatigue remain a significant problem in healthcare and impact patient care as well as the well-being of providers. There are approaches that are working to decrease this impact in both the individual provider as well as the institutions in which providers are working. The research in this area from an individual perspective and a business perspective is only beginning.

The Cheap Seats: A Note from the Editor

The Cheap SeatsA Note from the Editor Willie Steele Just a few weeks into 2020, my family and I left for what was supposed to be an entire semester in Europe. I’d be teaching in Vienna, Austria and planned to travel most weekends to various places I’d only read about. When we left, there were mentions of a virus that had been gaining momentum around the world, but my concerns were more about how much Wienerschnitzel I could eat and how I would do without having baseball for that long. For the first time in several years, I wouldn’t be attending the NINE Spring Training Conference and would miss the annual Cactus League games that signal the start of a new season. Just a few weeks into our experience abroad, there were rumblings about travel being limited if the virus numbers kept climbing. But I wasn’t too worried because I’d already discovered the answers to my first concerns: 1) I can eat a lot of Wienerschnitzel when given the chance, and 2) a guy in Prague tipped me off to some baseball leagues there that start in April. I’d already started making plans to Czech them out before coming home. Unfortunately for us, the coronavirus number kept climbing and our group was brought home six weeks earlier than planned. I’d missed the NINE conference by a week, but I was thankful my friends had gotten to enjoy the last baseball for several weeks before things shut down. Little did we know how long it would be before baseball would start again as teams at every level had shut things down for the spring. With little to do during the 14-day quarantine upon our return, I spent a lot of time online, quickly realizing I wasn’t the only person struggling with missing baseball. I felt more than a little guilty for this as the virus had already had deadly effects on people around the world, disrupted the education system, and brought many businesses to a grinding halt. But it was springtime, and I was supposed to be enjoying the start to another baseball season. I saw people posting videos of old ballgames and debating others about who the best team was (or who the best left-handed hitter was with two men on in the bottom of the 8th inning while playing a night game with a temperature of 72 degrees or [End Page xi] warmer). Others were even showing off artwork they’d begun creating from old baseball cards (I admit that I got so bored I began doing this as well). The idea for this issue of the journal came from seeing how others online dealt with no baseball. We put out the call for articles, calling the issue “Baseball Is . . .” because for each of us, baseball is something different. The response was nothing less than overwhelming. We had enough submissions to fill nearly six regular issues of NINE. The articles ranged from childhood memories of favorite teams and players to introspective narratives about the relevance of a game in the midst of a global pandemic. The writers ranged from an octogenarian who vividly recalled games more than six decades past to a teenager who spends his time on Waveland Avenue waiting for home run balls to land in the street. Pieces were submitted by well-known writers whose work has appeared in national publications and first-time authors who simply wanted to share their stories. And while I would have loved to include many more articles than what this double issue you are reading can hold, the reality was that some difficult decisions had to be made. I felt like the guy who gets to pick his starting line-up from a list of All-Stars. No matter how good the list I selected would end up being, some fine talent was going to be left off the roster. The result, however, is what I hope is an eclectic selection of work from a variety of perspectives. There is a little poetry, a creative piece or two, reflections on family, cultural commentaries, tributes to families and friends, and...

Nedostatak hormona rasta i značaj njegove nadoknade u periodu tranzicije - od kasne adolescencije do odraslog doba - smernice za prelazak pacijenata sa NHR od pedijatra endokrinologa do interniste endokrinologa

Transitional period (TP) is the time of several years in a person's life after reaching of final body height, spanning from about the age of 16 to about the age of 26 years. In this period the person reaches a peak in muscle mass and bone mineral density. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in the TP leads to reduced bone mineral density and inadequate body composition with reduced muscle mass and increased abdominal fat mass. GHD in TP is also associated with impaired lipid profile, increased insulin resistance and risk for metabolic syndrome. GH replacement during TP has a favorable effect on bone density and quality, on body composition and on cardiovascular health, thus reducing future morbidity and mortality in adulthood. GH replacement is of particular importance for quality of life improvement in the young patients. To facilitate and optimize the continuance of GH replacement in the TP for the patients treated with GH in childhood, we have comprised these guidelines aimed to improve the communication between pediatric and adult endocrinologists. A closer collaboration between these two services would ensure easier continuance of treatment and follow up for the patients with hypopituitarism in transition to adulthood. The goal of presenting these guidelines is to prevent the drop out of patients with GHD in TP from continuing GH replacement and other relevant hormonal replacement.

39-Year-Old Man With Dysphagia

39-year-old manwithnonotablemedical history presented for evaluation of dysphagia. He reported a several-year history of intermittent but progressive difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. He had been able to manage his symptoms by using water to flush foods, drinking carbonated beverages, and elevating the head of his bed. He did not experience choking or coughing with swallowing. Two weeks before presentation, he began to feel generally unwell, with worsening dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested food, chest discomfort, and decreased oralintake.Hedidnothavenausea,abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, odynophagia, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, exertional chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, neck pain, recent trauma, or recent travel outside the United States. Onphysicalexamination,thepatient’sbody

La unidad corporativa de la burguesía agropecuaria pampeana frente a los conflictos laborales: del clamor represivo al golpe de Estado. Argentina, 1964-1966

In this article we analyze the political positioning of the corporate bodies of the agricultural bourgeois groups in Argentina against the labor conflicts carried out between 1964 and 1966. Our aim is to discuss the dominant historiography that is focused on the confrontations between small farmers and large landowners, leaving aside the times when both sectors converge. This article shows that there is a unity of interests within the agricultural bourgeoisie when facing the demands of rural workers. Through the analysis, it could be observed that there was an agreement between small farmers and large landowners in demanding a repressive government intervention to face labor conflicts. Given that this order is not followed by the democratic government in place, the agricultural bourgeoisie ends up supporting the coup accomplished in 1966. For the first time in several years, the government displayed a repressive offensive to discipline the labor movement and deterred the labor disputes in rural Argentina. This research is part of our doctoral Dissertation in History, and its methodology is based on the analysis of documents produced by the corporations studied, newspapers and printed press of the period.

Utah State Budget Report for FY 14— A Subdued 2013 Legislative Session

By the 2013 Legislative Session, the worst of the Great Recession was over. For the first time in several years, Utah was not facing a financial crisis and lawmakers could afford to debate subjects that did not revolve around averting disaster. With almost half a billion in new funding, legislators focused on the policy area the majority of Utahns consistently identify as a high priority – education. Considered by many a subdued session, many bills that could have proved controversial were shelved and lawmakers opted for interim studies rather than large appropriations. While the session was considered largely uneventful, legislators were challenged with responding to an investigation of the state Attorney General and passed several bills accordingly. Overall, the 2013 session marked the beginning of a return to fiscal health in Utah, and legislators could once again focus on issues beyond managing the budgetary stress and fallout from the recession.

Pattern of increasing HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes mellitus before clinical detection of pancreatic cancer – a population-based nationwide case-control study

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Impaired insulin resistance might precede the clinical detection of this cancer by several years.Methods. This was a nested case-control population-based study assessing the pattern of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change before clinical detection of pancreatic cancer in a population of individuals with diabetes mellitus. All patients registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register with a prescription of an anti-diabetic drug between 2005 and 2011 were identified. For each case of pancreatic cancer, 10 controls were randomly selected, matched for age, sex, and factors related to diabetes mellitus. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between HbA1c and pancreatic cancer.Results. In total, 391 cases and 3910 matched controls were identified. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased more than two-fold in individuals with the highest HbA1c quartile compared with the lowest (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.40–2.75). The risk of pancreatic cancer remained elevated when comparing the highest HbA1c quartile measured within five years from the clinical detection of pancreatic cancer to the lowest HbA1c quartile (p-value for trend < 0.05). No association was found between HbA1c and pancreatic cancer if HbA1c was measured > 5 years before the clinical detection of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions. The pattern of increasing HbA1c in patients with diabetes mellitus preceded the clinical detection of pancreatic cancer by up to five years. These findings indicate that there is a lead time of several years during which the development of pancreatic cancer might be detectable through screening in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Assessing the stability of soil organic matter by fractionation and 13C isotope techniques

Carbon pools of different stabilities have been separated from the soil organic matter of agrochernozem and agrogray soil samples. The work has been based on the studies of the natural abundance of the carbon isotope composition by C3-C4 transition using the biokinetic, size-density, and chemical fractionation (6 M HCl hydrolysis) methods. The most stable pools with the minimum content of new carbon have been identified by particle-size and chemical fractionation. The content of carbon in the fine fractions has been found to be close to that in the nonhydrolyzable residue. This pool makes up 65 and 48% of Corg in the agrochernozems and agrogray soils, respectively. The combination of the biokinetic approach with particle-size fractionation or 6 M HCl hydrolysis has allowed assessing the size of the medium-stable organic carbon pool with a turnover time of several years to several decades. The organic matter pool with this turnover rate is usually identified from the variation in the 13C abundance by C3-C4 transition. In the agrochernozems and agrogray soils, the medium-stable carbon pool makes up 35 and 46% of Corg, respectively. The isotope indication may be replaced by a nonisotope method to significantly expand the study of the inert and mediumstable organic matter pools in the geographical aspect, but this requires a comparative analysis of particle-size and chemical fractionation data for all Russian soils.

Omalizumab in the treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Omalizumab in the treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease