Time Management Scale Research Articles

Development of the Daily Time Management Scale for Use by Working People with Type 2 Diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess daily time management capabilities among working patients with diabetes and to test this scale's reliability and validity. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 277 diabetes outpatients, and data from 220 participants (mean age = 54.3 ± 10.2 years, 76.8% male) were analyzed. Questionnaire items were selected through exploratory factor analysis. During the process of developing the questionnaire, opinions were solicited from experts on education for patients with diabetes, and Cronbach's α was calculated as a coefficient of reliability. Correlations with the Instrument of Diabetes Self-Care Agency (IDSCA) were examined and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to check for validity. Adequacy of a 4-factor, 16-item scale was confirmed. Cronbach's α coefficient was ≥.7 for the entire scale and for the subscale items. There was a significant correlation between total IDSCA scores and various factors (r = .280-.469). However, there was no correlation between the "adjustment of life rhythms" and parts of the IDSCA subscale. Although some aspects warrant further investigation, the developed scale provides a reliable and valid means of assessing daily time management capabilities among working patients with diabetes, and can thus be applied to help diabetes patients to manage their daily lives.

LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE BOŞ ZAMAN YÖNETİMİ VE GELECEK BEKLENTİSİ İLİŞKİSİ

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between leisure time management and future expectations of high school students. For this purpose, a total of 1057 high school students (590 female and 467 male) were selected using the appropriate sampling method. As data collection tool; “The Future Expectation Scale” developed by Simsek (2012) was used to determine the future expectations of students and “The Leisure Time Management Scale”, which was developed by Wang et all. (2011) and adapted to Turkish by Akgul and Karakucuk (2015) was used to determine the leisure management of students. In the analysis of the data, percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods were used to determine the distribution of the personal information of the participants, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data showed normal distribution, MANAVO and correlation analysis were used upon understanding that the data showed normal distribution. In the findings of the study, it was found that the future expectation scale showed a significant difference according to “Gender, Family Income Level and Communication Level” and a significant difference was found only in the leisure management scale according to the “Communication Level” variable. A positive and significant relationship was found between the two scales. As a result; It was concluded that the future expectations of the participants and leisure time management differed according to some variables and the future expectations affect the leisure time management.

The relationship between the time management skills and cyberloafing behavior of school administrators: A quantitative analysis

The aim of this study is to review the relationship between the time management skills and cyberloafing behavior of school managers. Descriptive survey and relational research models were used in this research. Data was collected from 181 school managers at official elementary schools, secondary schools, and secondary education schools in the district of Nizip in Gaziantep during the 2017-2018 school year. A “Time Management Scale”, which looks at time planning, the effective use of time and the dimensions of time traps together with a “Cyberloafing Scale” which is composed of both significant and insignificant cyberloafing dimensions were used as data collection tools in the research. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The research concluded that the better the school managers were at time planning and using their time effectively, the less prone they were of falling into time traps. In other words, the better their time planning and effective use of time, the more their significant and insignificant cyberloafing behavior decreased. As a result of the regression analysis, it was seen that only time traps, among the sub-dimensions of time management, significantly predicted cyberloafing behavior.

إدارة الوقت وحکمة الاختبار وبعض المتغيرات الديموجرافية کمنبئات بالتسويف الأکاديمي لدى طلاب کلية التربية

هدف هذا البحث إلى الکشف عن تأثير کل من: إدارة الوقت، وحکمة الاختبار، والنوع، والفرقة الدراسية، والتخصص الدراسي في التسويف الأکاديمي لدى طلاب کلية التربية بالمنيا، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم إعداد: مقياس لإدارة الوقت، ومقياس لحکمة الاختبار، ومقياس للتسويف الأکاديمي، وبعد تطبيق الأدوات على عينة بناء قوامها 300 طالب وطالبة من طلاب التخصصين العلمي والأدبي بالفرقتين الأولى والرابعة بکلية التربية، والتحقق من توافر شروطها السيکومترية، تم تطبيقها على عينة أساسية قوامها 750 طالب وطالبة بالتخصصين العلمي والأدبي من طلاب نفس الفرقتين. وأسفرت النتائج عن: (1) وجود مستوى منخفض من التسويف الأکاديمي لدى عينة البحث (2) جود مستوى مرتفع من إدارة الوقت لدى عينة البحث (3) وجود مستوى مرتفع من حکمة الاختبار لدى عينة البحث (4) وجود ارتباط سالب دال إحصائيا بين جميع مهارات إدارة الوقت والتسويف الأکاديمي (5) وجود ارتباط سالب دال إحصائيا بين مهارات الحکمة الاختبارية والتسويف الأکاديمي فيما عدا مهارة التخمين الذکي فکان ارتباطها بالتسويف الأکاديمي موجبا دالا إحصائيا (6) عدم وجود تأثير دال إحصائيا للنوع والتخصص في کل من: إدارة الوقت، وحکمة الاختبار، والتسويف الأکاديمي (7) وجود تأثير دال إحصائيا للفرقة الدراسية في کل من: إدارة الوقت، والتسويف الأکاديمي (8) وجود تأثير دال إحصائيا للتفاعل بين النوع والفرقة الدراسية في کل من: إدارة الوقت، وحکمة الاختبار، کما أسفرت النتائج عن أن مهارة التنفيذ کأحد مهارات إدارة الوقت هي أکثر المتغيرات تأثيرا في التسويف الأکاديمي بنسبة تأثير 20.7% تليها مهارة التخمين کأحد مهارات الحکمة الاختبارية بنسبة تأثير 4.1% تليها مهارة الاستعداد للاختبار کأحد مهارات الحکمة الاختبارية بنسبة 2.9% تليها الفرقة الدراسية بنسبة تأثير 0.4%، وقدم الباحث في ضوء النتائج مجموعة من التوصيات. الملخص الأجنبي للبحث: The aim of this research was to identify the impact of time management, test-wiseness, gender, study level, and academic majors on the academic procrastination of students at Menia College of Education. To achieve this aim, a time management scale, a test-wiseness scale, and a scale of academic procrastination were prepared. After applying the instruments to a sample consisting of 300 participants chosen from among the first and the fourth-year students of the scientific and the literary majors at the College of Education, and to check the availability of psychometric characteristics, they were applied to a basic sample comprising 750 participants from scientific and literary majors from the students of the same two levels. Findings indicated that (1) The research sample has a low level of academic procrastination (2) The research sample has a high level of time management (3) The research sample has a high level of test-wiseness (4) there is a statistically significant negative correlation between all time management skills and academic procrastination (5) there is a statistically significant negative correlation between test-wiseness skills and academic procrastination except for the skill of guessing (6) there is no statistically significant effect of gender and major on: time management, test-wiseness and academic procrastination (7) there is a statistically significant effect of the study level on time management and academic procrastination (8) there is statistically significant effect of the interaction between gender and the study level on: time management and test-wiseness, To add, the findings showed that the execution skill as one of the time management skills is the most influential variable in the academic procrastination with a percentage of 20.7%, followed by guessing as one of the skills of test-wiseness with an impact of 4.1% followed by the skill of preparing for the test as one of the skills of test-wiseness with a percentage of 2.9% followed by the study level with a percentage of 0.4%. In light of the research findings, a set of recommendations were drawn.

The Relationship Between Leisure Time Management and Perceptions of Boredom

The purpose of this research is to examine university students’ leisure time management and perceptions of boredomaccording to various factors and to put forward the relationship between those two concepts. The test group of theresearch has been selected with purposive sampling among students from Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty ofSport Sciences and 170 “Male” and 82 “Female” students with an average age of 21,71 ± 3,10 have volunteered totake part. In the research “Leisure Time Management Scale,” which has been developed by Wang et al. (2011) andadapted into Turkish by Akgül and Karaküçük (2015), and “Leisure Boredom Scale,” which has been developed byIso-Ahola and Weisseinger (1990), and adapted to Turkish by Kara et al. (2014), has been used. In order todetermine the personal information of participants the percentage and frequency methods; to determine whether thedata has normal distribution or not the Shapiro Wilks normalcy test has been applied and after concluding, that thedata is conformable with the parametric test conditions, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests have been used fordata analysis. According to the analysis; in view of gender variable, in both leisure time management and leisureboredom perceptions scale a significant difference has been observed (p<0.05). In view of age variable, in the“Programming” subdimension of leisure time management and in all subdimensions of leisure boredom perceptionscale a significant difference has been observed (p<0.05). In view of wealth variable, in the “Leisure time manner”and “Programming” subdimensions of leisure time management scale a significant difference has been observed butno difference has been observed in leisure time perception. Finally, a negative and meaningful relationship has beenobserved between the two scales. In conclusion it is possible to claim, that the leisure time management and boredomperception of participants has had significant differences in view of some variables and that when they can managetheir leisure time, they are satisfied.

LEISURE TIME MANAGEMENT IN MARMARA UNIVERSITY AND KİLİS 7 ARALIK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TRAINING IN SPORTS SCIENCES

This sport science research in an undergraduate Faculty of Marmara University Sports Science and Kilis 7 Aralik University of Physical Education and Sports School students of “Leisure Management” ideas are evaluated. Free time management scale; Wei-Ching Wang et al. (2011) and Akgul and Karakucuk (2015) by adapting to Turkish by making validity and reliability study consists of 15 items and 4 sub-dimensions. 285 students from Marmara University Faculty of Sport Sciences and Kilis 7 Aralik University School of Physical Education and Sports participated in the study. In data analysis, d escriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test were used. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was seen that the majority of the participants consisted of Marmara University students, while in the departments, there was a larger number of male students. In the other findings, it was understood that there was more participation in the 18-20 age group, they were single in marital status and they were more in the 1st class and they participated in their activities in leisure time 2-3 days a week. While there was a significant difference between the total scale scores of the participants and the variables of the universities, it was found that there was no significant difference in gender, marital status variables. There was a significant difference between the scale sub-dimensions and the activities of universities, age, leisure time and classes. As a result, it is understood that leisure time is better managed in metropolitan cities and that students who are studying in the field of sports should be directed to leisure time activities.

Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Zaman Yönetimi Becerileri Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Effective and efficient time management is an area of management that is of great importance for teachers in the education process. In this respect, it can be said that teacher candidates should have sufficient skills in effective and efficient time management. In particular, this competence should be managed effectively and efficiently by science teachers, although it is important to emphasize itself in the context of the science course. The aim of this study is to determine the time management skills of science teacher candidates and to determine the change in skill levels according to the level of class. In line with this aim, a total of 135 science teacher candidates who have been studying at a State University in Istanbul in 2018-2019 academic year were selected through objective sampling. The data obtained by using Time Management scale as the data collection tool were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The mean, standard deviation and one-way variance analyses were used in the analysis of the data and the results were evaluated. It was determined that there was no significant difference between time management skills and classroom level of science teacher candidates and time management skills were “high”.

Sports or Fine Arts? Investigation of Free Time Management Skills of Participants Interested in Sports and Fine Arts

In this study it was aimed to investigate free time management skills of participants interested in sports and fine arts. 233 students studying at School of Physical Education and Sports and Faculty of Fine Arts took part in this research. Data was gathered through Free Time Management Scale that had been developed by Wang et al. (2011) and translated to Turkish Language by Akgul and Karakucuk (2015). In evaluation part, descriptive statistical analysis and Manova test was used. It was statistically determined that there were significant differences on free time management scores between participants interested in sports and participants interested in fine arts. Also there were significant differences on free time activities while there were not significant differences on genders. According to the results participants interested in sports have higher scores in goal setting and technique and evaluating sub-dimensions and participants interested in fine arts have higher scores in free time attitudes and scheduling sub dimensions.

The Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Creativity and Time Management Skills

Early research on creativity has illustrated that time is a significant resource education in general and classroom in particular. It is vital for incubation, thus, individuals should be given enough time to do a creative work. The current study sought to uncover the probable relationship between English language teachers’ creativity and time management skills. We hypothesized that teachers’ creativity plays a role in a number of variables such as age, gender, and teaching experience. It was also surmised that teacher creativity correlates time orientation. To measure teacher creativity, Zhou and George (2001) self-rating creativity was employed. In addition, Trueman and Hartley (1996) time management scale comprising five constructs, production of creative ideas, production of useful ideas, daily planning, confidence in long-term planning, and perceived control of time, were utilized to gauge time orientation. To comply with the objective, a total of 202 intermediate students from three English language institutes took part for the purpose of this study. They were requested to fill out the questionnaires. The data were collected over a period of three weeks. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to probe the relationship between the variables. The results suggest that teachers with more time orientation incorporate more teaching activities in their classroom. However, the findings revealed that a number of variables like age, gender and teaching experiences were not significant factors for teachers’ creativity skills. The findings suggest that a teacher should widen his perception of creativity and repertoire of employing activities in order to maximize students' capacity for novelty The may help language teachers and policy makers bring to a focus on the effects of time management skills and teachers’ creativity in the EFL content to achieve a better result in learning process.

Comparison of Time Management Perception of Students Studying at Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching and Program in Primary School Education

The aim of this study was to compare time management perception of students studying at Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching and program in Primary School Education. Totally, 170 students took part in this research. Data was gathered through Time Management Scale that had been developed by Britton and Tesser (1991) and was translated to Turkish Language by Alay and Kocak (2002). In evaluation part, frequency analysis and parametric tests were used. It was statistically determined that there were significant differences between students studying at department of physical education and sports teaching with program in primary school education. It is considered that the students of Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department have high perception in all three sub-dimensions because of their habit of using the time well in the competition or the habits of time planning such as nutrition and sleeping out of sporting time.

Procrastination and predictor variables among a group of dental students in Turkey

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of procrastination among a group of Turkish dental students and to determine the predictors and consequences of procrastination. A total number of 273 females and 179 males (aged between 18 and 28) were included in the study. Tuckman procrastination scale, Academic Life Satisfaction Scale, Concern over Mistake Scale, Poor Time Management Scale, Self-Doubt Scale, Irrational Beliefs about Studying Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to gather data. Results indicated that 50% of participants were more likely to procrastinate their academic assignments or tasks. Procrastination score did not differ according to gender. The findings suggested that procrastinating students had a higher level of poor time management, self-doubt and irrational beliefs about studying, and poor academic performance and well-being than their non-procrastinating counterparts. Preventive strategies are necessary to overcome procrastination which affects the academic achievement, satisfaction, and well-being of dental students.

Development of Time Management Scale for children and Its Reliability and Validity

Development of Time Management Scale for children and Its Reliability and Validity

Leisure Time Management and the Attitudes of Disabled Athletes

This scientific study was done in order to evaluate the leisure time management ability and the related attitudes of disabled athletes. The average age is 25,06 ± 8,68, from the branches of athleticism, bocce, football, golfball, table tennis, chess, Wheel chair basketball, tennis, volleyball, and swimming in Osmaniye totally fifty disabled athletes four of them are physically handicapped, fourteen of them are partially-sighted, thirteen of them are hearing impaired, and nineteen of them are mentally disabled participated in this study voluntarily. In order to collect data in this study, a two phased survey was made with the help of the trainers and the companions of the athletes. The first phase of the survey comprises of the questions predicting the demographic features of the athletes (age, gender, sporting year, education of family and self etc.). In the second phase of the survey the leisure time management scale developped by those namely Wang, Kao, Huan, and Wu (2011) was used. The scale's adaptation to Turkish and validity – reliability checks were made by Akgul and Karakucuk (2015). The homogeneity and the analysis of the variance of the data were tested by way of descriptive statistics and for the binary comparisons Mann-Whitney U test, for the multiple comparisons Kruskal Wallis-H test and for the detection of difference source Tamhane’sT2 test were used. In conclusion, It can be stated that the studies related to the leisure time management ability and the related attitudes of disabled athletes are rather limited in the literature and male and female athletes differentiate from each other in a meaningful way and generally the disabled athletes become significantly different in the aspects of category, educational level, parental educational level, and their sporting history and as the level of educational and the sportive experience increase, the leisure time management becomes better.

Validity and Reliability Study for Studio Work Course Time Management Scale

Validity and Reliability Study for Studio Work Course Time Management Scale

Construction of the Time Management Scale and examination of the influence of time management on psychological stress response

We developed a scale to measure time management and assessed its reliability and validity. We then used this scale to examine the impact of time management on psychological stress response. In Study 1-1, we developed the scale and assessed its internal consistency and criterion-related validity. Findings from a factor analysis revealed three elements of time management, “time estimation,” “time utilization,” and “taking each moment as it comes.” In Study 1-2, we assessed the scale’s test-retest reliability. In Study 1-3, we assessed the validity of the constructed scale. The results indicate that the time management scale has good reliability and validity. In Study 2, we performed a covariance structural analysis to verify our model that hypothesized that time management influences perceived control of time and psychological stress response, and perceived control of time influences psychological stress response. The results showed that time estimation increases the perceived control of time, which in turn decreases stress response. However, we also found that taking each moment as it comes reduces perceived control of time, which in turn increases stress response.

Development of Time Management Scale

Development of Time Management Scale

English

This study aimed to determine the opinions of high school students relating to time management and present a correlation of their time management skills with demographic variables, as well as examining the relation between their level of research anxiety and time management skills. The study group composed 270 12th-grade students (127 males and 143 females) from the same socio-economic level attending seven state high schools in Ardahan province, Turkey. Pearson coefficient of correlation, t-test, and weighted mean and standard deviation values were used. Results showed a meaningful relation in the negative correlation (r=-.188**, p<0.01) between time management skills and research anxiety level, and there was a meaningful relation between time attitudes, the second factor on the time management scale, and research anxiety in the negative direction (r=-.210**, p<0.01). We conclude that as students’ time management skills improve, their research anxiety level decreases. Key words: Time management, research anxiety, high school.

Ecologische schalen als personeelspsychologisch antwoord op situationele gedragsverschillen: ontwikkeling van een consciëntieusheidschaal voor promovendi

Ecological scales as personnel psychology’s response to situational behaviour differences: development of a conscientiousness scale for Ph.D. candidates Ecological scales as personnel psychology’s response to situational behaviour differences: development of a conscientiousness scale for Ph.D. candidates Personnel psychology aims to predict situational success criteria for specific jobs, but is restricted by the relatively low validity of traditional personality inventories. Individual behavior varies across situations and traditional inventories are constructed to cancel out these differences. To tackle this problem, this study presents the concept of ‘ecological scales’. These are contextualized questionnaires with a high ecological validity, meaning that the test outcomes correspond to daily practice. A time management scale was developed for Ph.D. candidates. The time management scale was significantly related to Ph.D. success and showed incremental validity above the Big Five. These results suggest that ecological scales could contribute to further improving the criterion-related validity of personality instruments.

Pilot study of the study behavior inventory: Preliminary analysis of a new tool for health science education students

Objective: While educational researchers have considered many factors related to academic performance in undergraduate education, the impact of specific study behaviors and skills directly related to improving performance in health science education have been largely overlooked. The purpose of the current study was to examine the preliminary reliability and validity of the study behavior inventory (SBI), a tool used for measuring study behaviors associated with higher academic performance among students in health science education programs. Materials and Methods: Participants were 34 (n = 34) students enrolled in various health science education programs (graduate studies in the health sciences = 11, health related professions = 6, medicine = 11, nursing = 3, and pharmacy = 3) receiving academic support services at an academic health science center in the southeastern United States. Students completed the SBI, the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI), and the approaches and study skills inventory for students (ASSIST) prior to receiving services. Results: The internal consistency and the convergent validity of the SBI were assessed. The results indicated adequate Cronbach’s alpha for SBI’s time allocation (TA) scale (0.76) and strategy (ST) scale (0.71). Statistically significant positive correlations were found for the TA scale and LASSI’s time management scale and ASSIST’s strategic approach. Statistically significant positive correlations were found for the ST scale, and several LASSI scales measure learning strategies and ASSIST’s strategic and deep approaches. Conclusions: This pilot study provided preliminary evidence that the SBI is a reliable tool with convergent validity that can be used to assess study time management and study strategies utilized by health science students. More research on the psychometric properties of the SBI is warranted to establish the SBI as a valuable tool in the identification of study behaviors and skills related to academic performance in health science students.

The Study Efficacy of Time Management Training on Increase Academic Time Management of Students

Proper time management is key to success in college. You need to manage time effectively if you‟re going to be successful. The purpose of this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of time management training on academic time management of students.In this experimental research, 70 students from university of Mohaghegh Ardabili in Iran were randomly selected and then assigned in experimental and control groups .Then, two group completed academic time management scale in pre-test phase. The experimental group received time management training in 10 sessions (90minute each session) whereas the control group never had any training. In post-test, experimental and control group completed academic time management scale again.Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 17) and the UNCOVA analysis showed significant differences in two groups and time management was increased in the experimental group. (p≤0. 05). The results showed that time management skill in the experimental group was better than the control group.