Time Research Articles

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAIN AND HEART ACTIVITY ACROSS VARIOUS COLLABORATIVE TASKS

Understanding the correlation between the brain’s activity and the physiological responses of other organs under varying conditions is a crucial area of research that holds significant potential for advancing our knowledge of human physiology. In this study, we focused on investigating the interaction between the heart and brain by employing advanced complexity analysis techniques, specifically examining the fractal dimension and approximate entropy of electroencephalogram (EEG) and R-R interval time series. The analysis was conducted on data collected from 12 subjects who were observed under three distinct conditions: baseline (normal resting state) and two collaborative activities performed both with and without the presence of noise. Our findings revealed that the complexity patterns of EEG and R-R signals showed similar trends in alterations across all conditions, suggesting a strong coupling between the brain’s and heart’s responses. This observed coupling highlights the potential for a coordinated physiological interaction between these two critical systems. Furthermore, our approach, which successfully decoded the heart–brain correlation, offers a promising framework for extending this analysis to explore correlations between the brain and other organs, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the complex networks that underlie human health and adaptive physiological responses.

Exploring the Effect of a Wavy Sea Surface on NLOS-UOWC Systems: A Novel Deterministic Approach

This work presents a novel approach to modeling an underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) channel based on a deterministic analysis specifically for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) configurations. The model considers the presence of a wavy ocean surface, providing a more accurate representation of realistic conditions. By expanding the possibilities for communication in complex underwater environments, our model offers a comprehensive analysis of the ocean waves’ impact. A significant achievement of this study is the capacity of the model to accurately compute the variable size of the width of the beam (footprint) on the receiver plane reflected by the sea surface and the time intervals during which the receiver remains illuminated. Additionally, the model determines the precise position of the reflected beam on the receiver plane and accurately identifies the time intervals during which communication is feasible, offering invaluable insight into the system performance under oceanic wave variability. The results confirmed that oceanic wave variability induces severe misalignment in optical links, creating intermittent opportunities for effective communication. The optical–geometric analysis contributed significantly to understanding the novel impact of ocean waves on NLOS-UOWC systems. These findings enhance the preliminary considerations in NLOS link design, particularly in scenarios with autonomous underwater vehicles in constant motion, aiding in the reduction of pointing errors.

Investigation of the osteogenic effects of ICA and ICSII on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Icariin (ICA) serves as the primary biologically active compound in traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium, while Icariside II (ICSII) represents one of its gastrointestinal metabolites. Although ICA and ICSII have demonstrated osteogenic differentiation- promoting effects on BMSCs, there is limited literature comparing their effects and underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the osteogenic effects of Icariin and Icariside II, along with their respective osteogenic mechanisms. In this study, we initially determined the optimal concentrations of Icariin (10−5 mol/L) and Icariside II (10−6 mol/L) for inducing rBMSCs osteogenic differentiation using CCK8, ALP activity assay, and flow apoptosis assay. Subsequently, we compared the vascularization and osteogenic capacity of the two groups through alizarin red staining assay, Western Blot, and RT-PCR. Subsequently, we assessed the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated expression of JNK, ERK1/2, P38, and AKT at different time intervals. We observed their phosphorylated expression and the expression of angiogenic/osteogenic markers after blocking with their corresponding inhibitors. It was observed that both the Icariin and Icariside II groups promoted the expression of osteogenic/angiogenic markers RUNX2, OCN, OPN, VEGF, and ANG1. While there was no significant difference in their osteogenic abilities, ICSII exhibited a stronger promotion of angiogenic differentiation markers, VEGF, compared to ICA. Additionally, it was observed that both ICA and ICSII could activate ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thereby further promoting the osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of rBMSCs through the activation of the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Sustainable alternative of palm wine analogue from different tiger nut milk-sugar syrup blends for local production

Aim: The unfermented pale-yellow exudates (“palm sap”) emerge from tapped unopened spathe of mostly oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and raphia palm (Raphia hookeri). Besides, tiger nut milk (Kunuaya) is among the non-alcoholic refreshing drinks with dairy appearance. A sustainable alternative could therefore emerge from blends of tiger nut milk and sugar syrup to serve a resembling role as palm wine. In this context, therefore, palm wine analogue from different tiger nut milk and sugar syrup blends using palm wine dreg as inoculum was evaluated by proximate, physicochemical, microbial, and sensorial analyses at different time intervals. Methods: The materials were processed, analyzed, and packed using standard referenced procedures. This required freshly tapped palm sap juxtaposed with blends of tiger nut milk-sugar syrup beverage, and thereafter subjected to aerobic fermentation. Importantly, the tiger nut milk-sugar syrup medium has been pitched with palm wine dreg (inoculum source) between fermentation time 26–30 h, and temperature 29.8°–32°C. Results: Considering all the analytical outcomes, from proximate, microbiological, physicochemical, to sensory data, the control appeared to somewhat resemble those of the experimental samples of this study. Conclusions: Potentially, the (palm wine) analogue produced from tiger nut milk and sugar syrup blends using (palm wine) dreg as inoculum could be embraced by the market as natural palm wine. Indeed, the emergent product should serve as an alternative sustainable promise for palm wine, which could help fill the market supply gap, especially in the seasons of reduced supply/yield.

Comparison between Retromandibular Anteroparotid Approach, Retromandibular Transparotid Approach and High Subangulomandibular Approach for Mandibular Subcondylar Fracture Fixation: A Prospective Randomised Study

Background: Condylar fractures remain a subject of ongoing debate in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The choice of surgical approach depends on various functional and aesthetic considerations. This original research article compares three surgical approaches—retromandibular anteroparotid approach, retromandibular transparotid approach and high subangulomandibular approach—by evaluating facial nerve injury, scar aesthetics, and sialocele formation. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Bangalore, involving 33 patients who were divided into three groups of 11 patients each. The outcomes assessed included facial nerve injury, scar aesthetics, and sialocele formation, with follow-up for 3 months. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: The comparison of facial nerve injury incidence between different time intervals in each group, analyzed using Cochran's Q test, revealed that 9.1% of patients in Group A (retromandibular anteroparotid approach), 36.4% in Group B (retromandibular transparotid approach), and 18.2% in Group C (high subangulomandibular approach) experienced facial nerve injury on Day 1. Group B showed a statistically significant result with a p-value of 0.02. Sialocele formation on Day 1 occurred in 27.3% of Group A, 45.5% of Group B, and none in Group C, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.04. The comparison of mean scar aesthetic scores showed 1.45 ± 0.52 for Group A, 2.36 ± 0.51 for Group B, and 2.45 ± 0.52 for Group C, with a statistically significant result (p = 0.001). Significant differences were found between Group A and Group B (p = 0.002) and Group A and Group C (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates that the retromandibular anteroparotid approach (Group A) had the least incidence of facial nerve injury and better scar aesthetics. The high subangulomandibular approach (Group C) showed the least incidence of sialocele formation, though it posed challenges in accessing the fracture site. Therefore, the high subangulomandibular approach is recommended for low subcondylar fractures rather than high subcondylar fractures.

Performance evaluation and life cycle assessment of electrokinetic technology with various types of electrodes for the treatment of Co-contaminated soil in brick industry site

ABSTRACT Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), and sulfates (S) are among the contaminants that can be released into the environment during the brick manufacturing process, making them a potential source of soil contamination. This study aims to examine the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) utilizing graphite electrodes (EKR-GR) and stainless steel electrodes (EKR-ST) in soil remediation with a short remediation time. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the data, and life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to anticipate the effects on the environment. Different voltage gradients (1.5–7.5 V/cm) and time intervals (1–12 hours) were investigated. In terms of removing pollutants, EKR-GR performed better than EKR-ST. For EKR-GR, the maximum removal efficiencies for Pb (75.4%), Cd (91.3%) and S (59.2%) were obtained at 5 V/cm, 5 V/cm, and 6.25 V/cm, respectively. The removal of V approached 100% at multiple voltage gradients. The negative environmental burdens for EKR-GR were higher than those for EKR-ST for all indicators. Three indicators (terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming, and ionizing radiation) were linked to most of the negative impacts, with values of 0.0185 kg of 1,4-DCB, 0.00446 kg of CO2 eq, and 0.00212 kBq of Co-60 eq, respectively.

Duration of Time Intervals for Risk Minimization Measure Effectiveness Studies.

Insights into the time needed for evaluation of risk minimization measures' (RMMs) effectiveness might identify areas for improvement. We assessed the duration of time intervals between regulatory milestones for RMM effectiveness studies assessed by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). We included completed RMM effectiveness post-authorization safety studies (PASSs) assessed by PRAC between 2016 and 2022. Regulatory documents submitted by marketing authorization holders and assessment reports were extracted from non-public EMA databases. To calculate the duration of time intervals, we collected the dates of study request, protocol assessment start, protocol approval, study start, final study report assessment start, and final study report PRAC outcome. We identified 98 PASSs. The median duration from study request to final study report PRAC outcome was 52 months (Q1-Q3: 40-70). The median duration from study request to study start was 21 months (Q1-Q3: 15-30; n = 95) and from study start to final study report assessment start was 21 months (Q1-Q3: 13-36; n = 95). The final study report assessment often comprised <6 months (median: 4; Q1-Q3: 1-6). For PASSs with a PRAC-approved protocol (n = 80, 81.6%), the median duration of protocol assessment was 7 months (Q1-Q3: 4-10). Concluding, the median duration from study request to RMM effectiveness PASS completion exceeded 4 years. Next to the study conduct duration, the period from study request until study start was the most time-consuming. The duration of this period might be minimized by improved guidance on RMM effectiveness PASSs and encouraging timely protocol submission.

Rats and mice rapidly update timed behaviors

Keeping track of time intervals is a crucial aspect of behavior and cognition. Many theoretical models of how the brain times behavior make predictions for steady-state performance of well-learned intervals, but the rate of learning intervals in these models varies greatly, ranging from one-shot learning to learning over thousands of trials. Here, we explored how quickly rats and mice adapt to changes in interval durations using a serial fixed-interval task. In the first experiment, animals experienced randomly selected fixed-intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, or 60 s, for blocks ranging from 13 to 21 trials. Consistent with previous work, animals abruptly increased lever pressing as reward availability approached, and these ‘start times’ scaled with the interval duration for both species. We then quantified the rate of updating to new trial durations and found that rodents consistently updated their start times within 2–3 trials following a change in interval duration, before stabilizing their behavior by the third or fourth trial. To account for repeated exposures to fixed-interval durations, a second set of animals was tested with new fixed-intervals after being trained on the serial fixed-interval task described above. Next, a third group was trained on fixed-interval durations that were generated de novo in each day. In each of these contexts, rodents rapidly increased or decreased their start times to mirror new FI durations following exposure to 1–2 trials of new intervals following block transitions. This work adds to growing evidence for rapid duration learning across species, highlighting the need for timing models to be capable of rapid updating in dynamic temporal scenarios.

Neuroendoscopic lavage for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: preliminary results at a single institution in the United States.

The current neurosurgical treatment for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity resulting in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) seeks to reduce intracranial pressure with temporary and then permanent CSF diversion. In contrast, neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) directly addresses the intraventricular blood that is hypothesized to damage the ependyma and parenchyma, leading to ventricular dilation and hydrocephalus. The authors sought to determine the feasibility of NEL in PHH. The records of patients with a diagnosis of grade III or IV IVH were reviewed between September 2022 and February 2024. The Papile grade was determined on cranial ultrasonography. Demographic information collected included gestational age, birth weight, weight at the time of surgical intervention, infection confirmed with CSF, and rehemorrhage. Standard local guidelines for temporary (CSF reservoir) and permanent (shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy [ETV]) CSF diversion were implemented. Warmed lactated Ringer's was utilized for NEL. The primary outcome was the need for permanent CSF diversion (shunt or ETV). Twenty consecutive patients with grade III or IV IVH complicated by PHH were identified. Twelve patients underwent CSF reservoir placement and NEL, 4 underwent CSF reservoir placement only, 1 underwent shunt placement only, and 3 did not require neurosurgical intervention. Of the 12 patients who underwent reservoir placement and NEL, 8 (67%) ultimately met criteria for permanent CSF diversion compared with 2 of 4 (50%) who underwent CSF reservoir placement only. The mean gestational age at birth, birth weights, and age/weight at time of temporary CSF diversion were similar across groups. The average time interval between temporary and permanent CSF diversion was longer in patients who underwent NEL (2.5 months for shunt and 6.5 months for ETV) compared with CSF reservoir placement only (1.1 months). NEL is an innovative alternative for the treatment of PHH of prematurity. The authors established an endoscopic lavage program at their institution and herein report the first published account in the United States of the feasibility of NEL for PHH.

Neuromonitoring-guided anesthesia depth versus four-minute anesthesia-to-stimulation time interval in electroconvulsive therapy for depressive disorders - A single-blinded, prospective, randomized and controlled study.

Anesthesia depth influences seizure quality in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). EEG-based neuromonitoring has been shown to detect adequate anesthesia depth for ECT. Anesthesia depth-guided ECT management may therefore be a reliable alternative to the predetermined anesthesia-to-stimulation time interval. Patients with depressive disorders and a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score ≥ 18 were randomly assigned. The anesthesia depth-guided group received stimulation between Narcotrend™ index ratings of 41 and 64 and was compared to the control group with a predetermined anesthesia-to-stimulation time interval of four minutes. The primary endpoint was seizure quality. A total of 225 interventions were conducted in 30 patients. Significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding stimulation intervals (225.0 ± 34.2 s vs. 240.0 ± 0 s; p < 0.001) and the index before electric stimulation (45.0 ± 15.7 vs. 35.0 ± 13.0; p < 0.001). No significant differences in overall seizure quality were found between the groups. The midictal amplitude was higher in the anesthesia depth-guided group (209.2 ± 92.6 vs. 152.6 ± 80.0; p = 0.009). Because of inadequate anesthesia depth, 54 interventions were discontinued for safety reasons. The number of per protocol completed interventions is small due to high exclusion rate from protocol violations. Anesthesia depth-guided ECT management did not significantly improve overall seizure quality compared to a four-minute anesthesia-to-stimulation time interval.

Remodeling the light-adapted electroretinogram using a bayesian statistical approach

ObjectiveTo present a remodeling of the electroretinogram waveform using a covariance matrix to identify regions of interest and distinction between a control and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. Electroretinograms were recorded in n = 25 ADHD (16 male; age 11.9 ± 2.7 years) and n = 38 (8 male; age 10.4 ± 2.8 years neurotypical control participants as part of a broad study into the determining if the electroretinogram could be a biomarker for ADHD. Flash strengths of 0.6 and 1.2 log cd.s.m− 2 on a white 40 cd.m− 2 background were used. Averaged waveforms from each eye and flash strength were analyzed with Bayesian regularization of the covariance matrices using 100 equal length time intervals. The eigenvalues of the covariance matrices were ranked for each group to indicate the degree of complexity within the regularized waveforms.ResultsThe correlation matrices indicated less correlation within the waveforms for the ADHD group in time intervals beyond 70 msec. The eigenvalue plots suggest more complexity within the ADHD group compared to the control group. Consideration of the correlation structure between ERG waveforms from different populations may reveal additional features for identifying group differences in clinical populations.

Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-nematocidal, and Computational Study of Copper(II) Complex Derived from Fluoro-substituted Schiff base Ligand.

Herein, Schiff basewas synthesized viareaction between 2-bromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The ligand wasreacted with Cu(II) salt to obtain complex. The compoundswerecharacterization using various techniques.Thereafter,nematocidal activities of the compoundswasassessed throughegg hatchingand mortality rate assays, and compare withcontrol, carbofuranat concentrations of 50 and 100 μM over a 24-72-hour. The results shows that, at 50 μM, the liganddemonstrated 100% egg hatching inhibition at 24-72 hours, whereas the complex showed egg hatching inhibition rates of 93.86±0.22%, 98.76±0.14%, and 99.33±0.52% withinsame time intervals. The control,exhibited inhibition rates of 56.33±0.33%, 69.94±0.6%, and 67.00±0.34% over the same period. Similarly, at100 μM, both the ligand and complex demonstrated 100% egg hatching inhibition at 24-72 hours, while the control showed egg hatching rates of 88.16±0.84%, 89.9±0.55%, and 90.8±0.50%. Formortality rate, at 50 and 100 μM, the ligandexhibited a 100% mortality rate within 24-72 hours, whereas the complexdisplayed mortality rates of 56.66±0.33%, 63.3±0.23%, and 86.66±0.13% at 24-72 hours,with a mortality rate of 100% at 100 μM within the same time intervals. The control,demonstrated mortality rates of 54-67% at 50 μM and 62-78% at 100 μM within 24-72 hours.

Association between the Tpeak-Tend interval on admission and coronary microvascular dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome.

The Tpeak-Tend interval on electrocardiogram may be a predictor of worse outcomes in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), but the mechanisms have not been fully determined. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the corrected Tpeak-Tend (cTp-e) interval and coronary microvascular-dysfunction (CMD) assessed by the angiography-derived index of microvascular resistance (Angio-IMR) and the in-hospital prognosis in patients with TTS. We retrospectively evaluated 111 consecutive patients admitted for TTS who underwent coronary angiography at Kindai University Hospital from October 2009 to July 2023. The Tpeak-Tend interval was defined as the time interval between the peak and the end of the T wave in electrocardiogram lead V5 on admission. Angio-IMR was assessed from aortic pressure, quantitative flow ratio (QFR), vessel length and hyperemic velocity using the formula described in validation studies. QFR, vessel length and hyperemic velocity was derived from coronary angiography and QAngio XA 3D software package. The degree of CMD was assessed by the maximum Angio-IMR value in each of the three coronary arteries. The primary endpoint was the relationship between the grade of a prolonged cTp-e interval on admission and Angio-IMR. The secondary endpoint was the relationship between the grade of a prolonged cTp-e interval on admission and in-hospital adverse cardiovascular events (composite of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, life-threatening arrhythmia, thrombotic events, stroke and all-cause death). The median age was 77.5 [71.0-83.0] years, and most patients were women (82.0%). The median cTp-e interval was 114.5 [91.2-147.0] ms. The patients were categorized according to the tertiles of the cTp-e interval (T1: 52.4-96.9ms; T2: 100.1-129.1ms; T3: 131.7-309.8ms). There was a stepwise increment in the values of maximum Angio-IMR in each of the three coronary arteries in tertiles of the cTp-e interval (T1 vs. T2 vs. T3: 16.1 [14.7-19.3] vs. 21.8 [16.0-31.1] vs. 29.0 [27.2-31.9], P<0.001). In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 53 of 111 patients (47.7%). There was a stepwise increment in the incidence of in-hospital adverse cardiovascular events in tertiles of the cTp-e interval (T1 vs. T2 vs. T3: 27.1% vs. 54.1% vs. 62.2%, P=0.007). The multivariable analysis showed that prolonged cTp-e interval (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12-1.56; P<0.001) was independent predictors of in-hospital adverse cardiovascular events. The Tpeak-Tend interval on admission reflected CMD and predicts in-hospital adverse cardiovascular events in patients with TTS.

P1003 The shorter the interval between preconceptional disease activity and pregnancy, the greater the risk of disease activity during pregnancy: Evidence from a large Dutch cohort

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often coincides with pregnancy. It is well known that disease activity during pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes 1–3. Previous studies have identified disease activity at conception as an important risk factor for activity later on during pregnancy. We aimed to explore other potential risk factors for activity during pregnancy in women who were in remission at conception, and report on pregnancy outcomes in a tertiary cohort in the Netherlands. Methods For this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, all adult female IBD-patients who had been pregnant during treatment in any of the three participating Dutch university medical centers between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data on patient- and disease characteristics, lab values, medication usage and pregnancy outcomes was extracted from the electronic patient records. Univariate and multivariate binary linear regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between having activity during pregnancy – defined as a fecal calprotectin of ≥200µg/L or the prescription of corticosteroids – and plausible risk factors including biological use, phenotype, disease duration, previous surgery, smoking, BMI, gravidity, and use of IVF. Finally, we evaluate the relationship between activity during pregnancy and pre-conceptional flares, divided over three time intervals: twelve to six months, six to three months, and less than three months prior to conception. Results In total, 432 women were included (61.6% Crohn’s disease, 35.6% ulcerative colitis), who together had been pregnant 716 times. In this cohort, 16.3% of pregnancies was lost before the 16th week. The adverse outcomes for the remaining pregnancies included the following: 10.8% low birthweight, 12.2% premature, 11.7% small for gestational age. Out of the pregnancies carried beyond 16 weeks, a flare occurred in 27.6% of cases. Preconceptional flares were significantly associated with a flare during pregnancy if they occurred within three months prior to conception (OR 9.8, 95%CI 3.8-25.1, p&amp;lt;0.001), but not if they occurred six to three months prior (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.0-14.1, p=0.058) or twelve to six months prior (OR 2.0, 95%CI 0.7-5.7, p=0.184). In multivariate analysis, increasing disease duration was associated with a lower risk of activity during pregnancy (OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.9-1.0, p=0.047). No further significant correlations were found (Table 1). Conclusion With a shorter interval between a flare and conception, the risk of relapse during pregnancy increases. Further analyses based on remission rather than activity could show the ideal period of time a woman should be free of activity before attempting to conceive.

P0385 Delayed Diagnosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Turkish Population

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by relapsing episodes. These diseases typically present with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools. However, the diagnosis of IBD may be delayed due to the higher prevalence of other clinical syndromes that can present with similar symptoms, lack of using diagnostic tools or depending on patient dependent reasons. This diagnostic delay can exceed six month or even much more in some patients. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of demographic characteristics on diagnostic delay in IBD patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with UC and CD were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data were collected, including gender, age group, educational status, marital status, parental status (whether the patient had children), geographical region (Central Anatolia vs. other regions), settlement type (urban vs. rural), and year of diagnosis. The time interval between symptom onset and diagnosis was also recorded. Variables associated with diagnostic delay were then identified. Diagnostic delay was defined as the duration between symptom onset and diagnosis exceeding six months. Results A total of 326 IBD patients were included in the study, with 138 (42.3%) and 188 (57.7%) patients assigned to the UC and CD groups, respectively. Of these, 185 (56.7%) were male. The majority of patients were in the age groups of 26–35 years (113, 34.7%) and 36–45 years (103, 31.6%) (Table 1) . Diagnosis dates ranged from 1992 to 2024, with 154 (47.2%) patients diagnosed before 2014 and 172 (52.8%) diagnosed in 2014 or later. The interval between symptom onset and diagnosis exceeded six months (defined as diagnostic delay) in 159 (48.8%) patients. The frequency of diagnostic delay was significantly lower in UC compared to CD (19.0% vs. 63.3%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Across the entire IBD cohort, no variables were significantly associated with diagnostic delay. However, when UC and CD were analyzed separately, diagnostic delay in UC significantly decreased in patients diagnosed in 2014 or later compared to those diagnosed before 2014 (36.0% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.048) (Figure 1). In CD, a reverse trend was observed, but the difference was not statistically significant (59.5% vs. 66.1%, p = 0.357). Conclusion The frequency of diagnostic delay in IBD patients was significantly lower in UC compared to CD. While diagnostic delay in UC significantly decreased in patients diagnosed in 2014 or later, an opposite trend was observed in CD, although the difference was not statistically significant.

P1238 Herpes Zoster Risk in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Association with Medications Used: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is an immune-mediated disease with lower prevalence in Taiwan. Herpes zoster (HZ) is thought to occur when immunity is weakened. This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent risk of HZ in IBD patients and investigate the influence of medications used for IBD treatment on this risk. Methods A retrospective cohort and nested case-control study were conducted using administrative data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, spanning 2000 to 2021. The index date for the IBD cohort was defined as the first recorded diagnosis of IBD. The non-IBD cohort included individuals without an IBD diagnosis, with a randomly assigned index date between 2000 and 2021. Propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio was performed to match IBD and non-IBD cohorts based on age, sex, index year, comorbidities, and residence. The risk of HZ was assessed using incidence rates (IRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). The association between prescribed medications and the risk of HZ in IBD patients was also evaluated. Results The study included 86,005 patients with IBD (CD: 67,934 patients; UC: 24,850 patients) and 86,005 non-IBD individuals. The risk of HZ in IBD patients was analyzed across different time intervals following diagnosis. IBD patients had an overall increased risk of HZ compared to non-IBD individuals. The risk was highest within the first year after diagnosis and gradually declined over time, reaching its lowest level after six years. Among the subtypes of IBD, CD patients consistently demonstrated the highest risk, with a peak between one and three years post-diagnosis and a sustained elevated risk across all time periods. In contrast, UC patients showed a significant increase in HZ risk within the first year and beyond six years. However, the risk for UC patients between one and six years post-diagnosis was not statistically significant (Table 1) . Medication analysis indicated that immunomodulators were independently associated with an increased risk of HZ. However, 5-aminosalicylic acids and biologic agents were not significantly associated with an increased risk of HZ (Table 2). Conclusion IBD patients face an elevated risk of HZ, particularly during the first year after diagnosis, with CD patients at the highest risk. Immunomodulators further exacerbate this risk. Vaccination should be considered at the time of IBD diagnosis to mitigate the risk of HZ.

Design of On-Site Calibration Device for Electricity Meter Based on Pulse Detection

At present, the error calibration of electricity meters in operation generally adopts an off-site method; that is, the electricity meter is taken out of operation and then calibrated in the laboratory. Off-site calibration, while beneficial, may not fully capture the operational error of the electricity meter due to potential differences in environmental conditions. An on-site calibration device for electricity meters based on pulse detection is designed, which obtains the error of the electricity meter under calibration by comparing the energy pulses of the standard electricity meter with those of the electricity meter under calibration. High-precision voltage and current sampling channels are designed, with a voltage measurement error of less than 0.02% and a current measurement error of less than 0.03%. In response to the non-synchronous sampling problem caused by frequency fluctuations in the on-site verification environment, a fast optimal frequency estimation algorithm is applied to accurately calculate the signal frequency within two cycles. The sampling time interval is adjusted to achieve lock-frequency synchronous sampling, and ensure the accurate calculation of electrical parameters. In order to reduce the complexity of the device circuit structure and equipment cost, a standard electric energy pulses generation method based on digital integration-to-frequency is proposed, which uses software to generate electric energy pulses, with a maximum output frequency of up to 10 kHz. Tests conducted in the laboratory on the developed on-site calibration device for electricity meters show that its accuracy is better than the 0.05 accuracy class, meeting the application requirements for on-site verification of electricity energy meters.

P0435 Comparative analysis between capsule endoscopy and ileocolonoscopy for activity detection in ileal Crohn’s disease. Preliminary results from the CAPITER study, a multicenter study from the Young Group of GETECCU

Abstract Background The terminal ileum stands out as the most frequently affected segment of the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, ileocolonoscopy (IC) may occasionally fail to fully explore this area. Assessing inflammation activity only in the terminal ileum may lead to underestimating the overall ileal involvement. Capsule endoscopy (CE) offers a complete examination of both the entire terminal ileum and the proximal ileal segment. Methods This study presents the preliminary analysis of an ongoing multicenter retrospective study conducted at 16 Spanish GETECCU centres. The primary outcome was to explore the concordance for null, mild, or moderate-severe activity detection between CE in the total ileum and IC in the terminal ileum. We also investigated the correlation between both examinations. Patient inclusion criteria permitted a maximum time interval of 3 months between the two examinations. The Lewis score of the third segment of the small intestine (Lewis-3S) was used for activity measurement in CE and the SES-CD index of the terminal ileum was used for IC. Retrospective inspection of endoscopic reports for score calculation was allowed. The study also included a comparative analysis of the specific evaluation of the terminal ileum. Correlation of endoscopic scores with clinical and biochemical markers was performed. Furthermore, we collected safety data and whether the therapeutic approach changed based on CE results in contrast to IC results. Results Ninety-two patients with ileal CD who underwent CE and IC have been collected. Seventy-four patients were included in the main analysis because of missing data in the remaining patients. Inflammation severity was null, low and moderate-severe in 17/35/22 patients for CE and in 51/20/3 for IC, respectively. Both scores showed weak to minimum concordance (κ 0.13 [95% CI, 0.01-0.26], p=0.03). The median Lewis-3S was 409 [IQR, 164-1294] and the median SES-CD was 2 [IQR, 0-4]. A weak correlation was observed between both scores, with a potential for a moderate association (⍴ 0.38 [95% CI, 0.17-0.6], p&amp;lt;0.0001). CE detected luminal stenosis in 16 patients, and IC only in one patient that was also detected by CE. CE was incomplete in 10 out of 92 patients (11%), with only one case of stenosis retention requiring surgical extraction. In patients who underwent CE and IC for known CD monitoring, CE guided a treatment change in 19 out of 53 patients (36%). No correlation between endoscopic scores and clinical or biochemical markers was observed. Conclusion In this preliminary analysis, despite the limited sample size, our findings indicate an underestimation of global ileal activity when measured by IC in comparison to CE examination.

P0714 Low risk of recurrent or new neoplasia after immunomodulatory therapy in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and previous cancer: a multicentre retrospective Italian study

Abstract Background Whether using immunosuppressors (ISS) or biologics after a diagnosis of cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients (pts) may increase the risk of new or recurrent cancer is undefined. Primary aim: to assess the frequency of new/recurrent cancer in IBD pts treated with ISS and/or biologics after a diagnosis of cancer. Secondary aims: to evaluate in the same population the cancer-related mortality and risk factors for recurrence or new malignancy. Methods In a retrospective multicentre Italian study, clinical records of all IBD pts treated with ISS or biologics after a diagnosis of cancer were reviewed. Inclusion criteria: 1)Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease(CD) or Ulcerative Colitis(UC); 2)History of cancer; 3)Clinical outcome after cancer ≥6 months (mos). Exclusion criteria: 1)ISS/biologics used for ≤3 mos or ≤3 administrations; 2)missing data. Data expressed as median[range], differences assessed with Student t-test and X-square test, univariate analysis performed to search for risk factors for new or recurrent malignancy. Results Study population included 122 IBD pts(84 CD, 38 UC) treated with ISS/biologics after cancer (Female 58 [47.5%]; age: 59.5[26-89]yrs). Index cancer was: genitourinary in 18(14.8%), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in 17(13.9%), breast in 15(12.3%), thyroid in 13(10.6%), melanoma in 14(11.4%), colon in 11(9.0%), hematopoietic in 9(7.4%), prostate in 8(6.6%), head-neck and neuro-endocrine each in 4(3.3%), liver in 3(2.5%), other in 3(2.5%), lung in 1(0.8%). ISS used after cancer (duration: 29[4-200] mos) included: thiopurines in 10(37%), methotrexate in 14(51.9%), others in 3(11.1%) pts.Biologics used after cancer (duration: 24[3-180] mos) included: Anti-TNF in 36(32.4%), VDZ in 60(53.6%), UST in 45(40.2%), small molecules in 50(44.6%) and others in 6(5.4%) pts.The median time interval between cancer and ISS or biologics use was 27[0-312] and 48[1-432] mos, respectively. In a median follow up of 8[1-45] yrs after index cancer, 12(9.8%) IBD patients developed new or recurrent malignancy after ISS or biologics use. There were 6 recurrent neoplasms (2 prostatic, 2 thyroid,1 colon,1 melanoma) and 7 new malignancy (6 NMSC,1 Head-neck). No cancer-related death occurred. No differences were observed in terms of IBD phenotype and ISS/biologics treatments between patients with vs without new/recurrent malignancy. At univariate analysis, when considering age at malignancy, smoking habits, gender, IMM treatment and duration before and after index cancer and treatment for malignancy, no predictive factors for new/recurrent malignancy were observed. Conclusion A low frequency of new or recurrent cancer was observed using immunomodulators after cancer in IBD.No risk factors for new/recurrent malignancy were observed.

Software solution for integration of frozen section quality assurance into daily practice.

Diagnoses rendered using the frozen section (FS) technique during surgical procedures are used to guide intraoperative decisions. Therefore, diagnostic FS errors have the potential to affect patient safety and quality of care. Diagnostic FS errors arise due to both technical and interpretative factors and present a challenge to surgical pathology laboratories to recognize, document, and manage in a timely fashion. Thus, there is a need to monitor discrepancies between FS and permanent diagnoses and effectively communicate with the clinical teams when an error is discovered to ensure an opportunity for timely interventions, if clinically indicated. Our FS practice is complex, with many contributing variables, such as a partially generalized FS pathology practice model among pathology faculty and/or surgeons with specific subspecialty expertise and different physical locations of FS facilities. We implemented a comprehensive frozen section quality assurance (FSQA) program using custom software solutions aimed at improving patient safety by monitoring recognition, increasing documentation, and facilitating communication in cases where there is a discordance between intraoperative and permanent diagnoses. Our FSQA program allows for categorizing frozen section discrepancies according to the source of error, such as interpretive vs technical errors, to understand how errors arise and todevelop appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing errors. Overall, our intervention to improve FSQA has engaged pathology faculty in a uniform and systematic manner, and our data show that our new FSQA program led to a markedly shortened time interval of FSQA, allowing for timely management and resolution of errors.