Immobilization Time Research Articles

Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of papaya seed extract as an antidepressant based on body weight, glucose levels, Interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde levels in treated rats. Force swimming and tail suspension tests have been conducted to measure acute stress and evaluate response behavior. Results showed that the higher concentration of papaya seed extract correlates to higher effectivity on reducing body weight and lowering glucose levels. Dose-response relationships were also observed on the inhibition effect of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde more effective at higher extract concentrations. The experimental force swimming test and tail suspension test showed the positive effect of extract administration indicated by the shorter immobilization time. Gas chromatography analysis has confirmed the bioactive content in the extract. The main compounds such as; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, Benzyl nitrile, Hexadecanoic acid- methyl ester, and other saponins might be responsible for the antidepressant effects of papaya seed extract. This research encourages further studies on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and biomolecules analysis at cellular levels.

Wound infection in elbow fractures: Incidence and new management protocol.

Wound infection in elbow fractures: Incidence and new management protocol.

A stepwise microwave synergistic pyrolysis approach to produce sludge-based biochars: Optimizing and mechanism of heavy metals immobilization

A technical approach of stepwise microwave synergistic pyrolysis (SMSP) had been proposed to produce value-added sludge-based biochar. The approach includes a conventional pre-pyrolytic stage and a sequential microwave pyrolysis stage. It is vital to adjust conventional pre-pyrolysis parameters (i.e. temperature and time) to improve immobilization effect of heavy metals and decrease toxicity of sludge-based biochar. In the paper, sludge-based biochars were generated from different pre-pyrolysis temperature (400 ∼ 700 °C) and time (5 ∼ 20 min) by the SMSP approach. For heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb) in biochars, residual ratio, leaching ratio, chemical fractions and ecotoxicity were measured by using microwave digestion method, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) method, modified european community bureau of reference (BCR) method and risk assessment code (RAC) method respectively. The results demonstrated that 600 ∼ 700 °C and 10 ∼ 20 min are more suitable pre-pyrolysis temperature and time for immobilization of heavy metals via vitrification. Heavy metals in optimum sludge-based biochar (SBC) would have high residual ratio, low leaching ratio and low ecotoxicity risk simultaneously. Residual ratio of heavy metals in SBC are about 15% higher than that in optimum conventional sludge-based biochar (CSC). And leaching ratio of heavy metals in SBC are about 60% lower than that in CSC. These are mainly attributed to the shortened pyrolysis time and the high-energy sites effect induced by microwave heating.

Behavioral parameters evaluation after homeopathic Zincum metallicum treatment: a transgenerational study in mice

Background: ZINCUM METALLICUM (ZM) is a homeopathic medicine whose materia medica is defined by diverse behavioral and mental symptoms, including depression. Moreover, as a microelement, zinc itself is involved in several functions of Central Nervous System, including development and cell maturity during the intra-uterus life. Aims: Herein, the putative transgenerational effects of different homeopathic potencies of ZM upon behavioral parameters in P and F1 generations were evaluated. Methodology: Since mice and the tail suspension test (TST) are references for evaluating antidepressant agent activity, the TST together with the open field test (OPT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPM) were used to analyze offspring behavioral parameters. All animal procedures were in agreement with the Brazilian ethical research practices and were approved by the institutional ethical committee (CEUA-UNIP) under the protocol 156/2013. Four groups of seven females Balb/C mice were exposed to 0,1mL of ZM 5cH, 30cH, 200cH and lactose 5cH, diluted in 250mL of drinking water, during pregnancy and post partum period, in a total of 31 days. The flasks were coded before the remedies administration and all experimental procedures, including statistical analysis were done in blind. The parents were previously distributed in a Completely Randomized Design for the mates, according to the TST previous results. Mothers were re-evaluated for TST after weaning and mice of F1 generation were evaluated for TST, EPM and OPT when they reached two months old. According to the time of immobilization in TST, animals were classified as healthy (h), intermediate (i) and depressed (d) (< 116; 117-180 and >180 seconds of immobilization, respectively). Results: No significant changes were seen among the groups regarding to the number of newborns, sex proportions, TST, OPT and EPM behavioral parameters, besides the fact that the treatment with ZM 200cH was associated to the majority of healthy F1 mice (male: n=8: 7h+1i+0d; female: n=8: 8h+0i+0d), in relation to the number of delivery per group (Fisher test, p ≤ 0.01). Treatment with ZM 5cH, instead, produced reduced number of pups with no male mouse among F1 generation. We conclude that the treatment of pregnant females with ZM 200cH produced the best results in F1 generation regarding reproduction and behavioral parameters and the treatment with ZM 5cH reduced births in relation to control. The involved mechanisms have to be elucidated in the next steps of the study.

NahAa can convert naphthalene and reduce chromate simultaneously and immobilized on functional multiwall carbon nanotubes for wastewater treatment

Pseudomonas brassicacearum LZ-4 is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, can efficiently degrade naphthalene and reduce chromate simultaneously. In this study, we showed that the naphthalene degradation enzyme NahAa from P. brassicacearum LZ-4 can reduce Cr(VI). Heterologous expression in E. coli S17-1 along with RNA interference of NahAa in strain LZ-4 showed the enzyme can reduce chromate in vivo.In vitro, purified NahAa was identified and can catalyze Cr(VI) reduction by 64.2%. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) was identified as a cofactor of NahAa, which Cr(VI) could obtain electrons from NADH through NahAa-associated FAD for reduction. Immobilized NahAa on functional multi walled carbon nanotubes via physical adsorption method to produce a stable, high efficient composite MWCNT-NahAa. The maximum efficiency of MWCNT-NahAa composite was obtained in enzyme concentrations of 6 mg/mL and 20 min immobilization time. The optical reaction conditions for MWCNT-NahAa were pH 7.0 and 30 °C, still retaining 50% of its initial activities after five consecutive cycles. Application of composites in wastewater can reduce 90.4% Cr(VI), higher than free NahAa that was 63.5%. To our best knowledge, this is the first report immobilized enzyme in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-degradation pathway for Cr(VI) wastewater treatment, providing a new insights on combined pollution remediation.

Removal of chlortetracycline from water by Bacillus cereus immobilized on Chinese medicine residues biochar

Biochar-immobilized microorganism technology is an effective way to remove antibiotic contamination from water bodies. In this study, three common Chinese medicine residues (forsythia, erding and honeysuckle) were selected as raw materials for pyrolysis at different temperatures. The biochar obtained was used as a carrier to immobilize the highly efficient chlortetracycline-degrading bacterium Bacillus cereus LZ01 and analyze the complex’s removal characteristics and removal mechanism chlortetracycline. The results showed that the Chinese medicine residue biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C had a higher removal capacity for chlortetracycline and could adsorb more microorganisms. The erding medicine residue biochar (EBC-500) pyrolyzed at 500 °C possessed a more developed pore structure and suitable nutrients. And the alkalinity of EBC-500 had the effect of relieving the inhibition of bacteria by acid, providing more suitable living conditions for the growth of bacteria, and improving the removal of chlortetracycline. Orthogonal experiments determined the optimal conditions for microbial immobilization by biochar: 10% microbial inoculum, 0.5 g biochar dosage, 0.097 - 0.15 mm biochar particle size, and 36 h immobilization time. The FT-IR spectra showed that the complex integrated all functional groups of biochar and degrading bacteria. The comparison of the removal effect before and after inactivation revealed that the removal mechanism of chlortetracycline in water by the complex was mainly determined by a combination of microbial degradation and biochar surface adsorption. This study provides a method for preparing an efficient biochar–microbial complex using Chinese medicine residue waste substrate, which provides a new idea for removing chlortetracycline from water.

Trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty versus ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition: a randomized controlled trial

The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of patients operated with trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) using flexor carpi radialis tendon versus trapeziectomy followed by suspension of the first metacarpal to the second metacarpal using a Mini TightRope® suture button (suture button suspension: SBS). A single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was performed, comparing 37 patients with SBS and 39 with LRTI. All surgeries were performed by the same fellowship-trained hand surgeon. Patients were assessed by an independent observer at 40 months’ follow-up. Pre- and postoperative strength, trapezial space ratio (TSR), range of motion, QuickDASH and visual analogue pain score were recorded. Both procedures improved functional parameters of pain, key strength, tip strength and grip strength while maintaining range of motion, without significant differences. In the SBS group, TSR decreased by 17%, compared to 28% in the LRTI group. The mean operative time was shorter in SBS (63 vs 91 minutes; p < 0.0001), as was immobilization time (2 vs 6 weeks; p < 0.0001), and patients resumed normal activity sooner (10 vs 12 week; p = 0.0138) and required less physical therapy (19.3 vs 13.1 weeks; p < 0.0001). We believe that our results are related to the hypothesis suggested by biomechanical studies that revealed better initial load bearing profile and maintenance of trapezial space following serial loading in cadaver models.

Electrochemical Detection of Linagliptin and its Interaction with DNA

Linagliptin (Lin) is a drug used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, the electrochemical detection of Lin and its interaction with DNA was analyzed for the first time using voltammetric methods by measuring the oxidation currents of the adenine bases of DNA before and after the interaction. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the Lin were studied. The interaction between Lin and DNA was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry. A three-electrode system comprising of a pencil graphite electrode as the working electrode, reference electrode (Ag/AgCl), and platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode was used in the electrochemical studies. Experimental conditions, such as the concentration, pH of the supporting electrolyte, and immobilization time were optimized to obtain maximum analytical signals. The adenine bases of DNA were evaluated as an analytical signal obtained at approximately +1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. After the Lin-DNA interaction, the oxidation currents of adenine decreased as proof of interaction. No reports have been published on Lin interacting with DNA. Based on our results, a diffusion-controlled irreversible redox process involving independent oxidation was revealed for Lin. Under optimum conditions, the detection limit was 6.7 µg/mL for DNA and 21.5 µg/mL for Lin. Based on the observations, Lin has a toxic effect on DNA. We successfully demonstrated that Lin interacts with DNA, and its influence on DNA could play a vital role in the medical effect of the drug.

An overview of the behavioral, neurobiological and morphological effects of topiramate in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

The environmental psychological stress causes depressive disorders. Stress causes many neurobiological, neurodegenerative changes in brain. Topiramate (TPM) is used in the treatment of epilepsy and psychiatric diseases. However, there are conflicting findings that TPM disrupts cognitive functions. We aimed to investigate the effects of TPM on depression, anxiety, learning and memory as well as neurobiological, morphological changes in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After CUMS was formed by random application of nine mild stressors for 45 days, TPM (at doses of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days. Sucrose preference, locomotor activity, forced swimming, elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were performed. Corticosterone, BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and glutamate levels and volumes of hippocampus were evaluated. Body weights of the rats were measured. Immobilization time increased in CUMS, CUMS + TPM0.1 in forced swimming test and time spent in platform quadrant increased in Control + TPM1, CUMS, CUMS + TPM0.1, CUMS + TPM1 in Morris water maze test. Control + TPM1 decreased distance to platform in Morris water maze while CUMS + TPM100 increased. Learning is impaired in CUMS + TPM100 while it is improved in Control + TPM1. BDNF levels increased in CUMS and glutamate levels increased in CUMS, CUMS + TPM10. Body weight decreased in CUMS, CUMS + TPM0.1, CUMS + TPM1, CUMS + TPM100. Hippocampus volumes increased in CUMS. In conclusion, CUMS improved cognition and this finding was supported by the increase of BDNF levels and volume of hippocampus. TPM 1 mg/kg improved cognition in non-stressed rats. TPM 0.1 and 1 mg/kg improved while TPM 100 mg/kg impaired memory in rats exposed to stress.

Lipase immobilization on a novel class of Zr-MOF/electrospun nanofibrous polymers: Biochemical characterization and efficient biodiesel production

In this study, due to the favorable properties of MOF compounds and fibrous materials, new nanostructures of Zr-MOF/PVP nanofibrous composites were synthesized by electrospinning procedure. The related features of these samples were characterized by relevant analyzes, including SEM, BET surface area analysis, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. The final product showed significant properties such as small particle size distribution, large surface area, and high crystallinity. This strategy for producing these nanostructures could lead to new compounds as novel alternative materials for biological applications. Lipase MG10 was successfully immobilized on the mentioned nanofibrous composites and biochemically characterized. The lipase activity of free and immobilized lipases was considered by measuring the absorbance of pNPP (500 μM in 40 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.8, and 0.01% Triton X100) at 37 °C for 30 min. Different concentrations of glutaraldehyde, different crosslinking times, different times of immobilization, different enzyme loading, and different pH values have been optimized. Results showed that the optimized immobilization condition was achieved in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, after 2 h of crosslinking time, after 6 h immobilization time, using 180 mg protein/g support at pH 9.0. The immobilized enzyme was also totally stable after 180 min incubation at 60 °C. The free enzyme showed the maximum activity at pH 9.0, but the optimal pH of the immobilized lipase was shifted about 1.5 pH units to the alkaline area. The immobilized lipase showed about 2.7 folds (78%) higher stability than the free enzyme at 50 °C. Some divalent metal ions, including Cu2+ (22%), Co2+ (37%), Mg2+ (12%), Hg2+ (11%), and Mn2+ (17%) enhanced the enzyme activity of immobilized enzyme. The maximum biodiesel production (27%) from R. communis oil was obtained after 18 h of incubation by lipase MG10. The immobilized lipase displayed high potency in biodiesel production, about 83% after 12 h of incubation. These results indicated the high potency of Zr-MOF/PVP nanofibrous composites for efficient lipase immobilization.

Исследование влияния физико-химических факторов на активность работы модифицированных ферментных электродов

To modify graphite electrodes with a conductive enzyme polymer matrix, the method of drip application of a liquid polymer solution of various compositions was used: polyvinylpyrrolidone (40%), chitosan (0.1%), glutaric dialdehyde (0.1%), glucoxidase and peroxidase in a ratio of 2:5. To assess the effect of the immobilization time (x1), the pH of immobilization (x2) and the enzyme/carrier ratio (x3) on the activity of the enzyme electrodes, a three-factor and three-level Box-Benken and RSM design was used. This model was able to adequately predict the results of immobilization within the range of variables used. The most favorable conditions and the largest number of molecules of the enzyme complex are in the electrochemically active state when they are immobilized on PVP using modifying agents chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The results demonstrate that the productivity of the enzymatic biofuel element is directly proportional to the activity of the immobilized GOX/HRP complex, since in this case the glucose oxidation reaction can proceed more efficiently.

Monitoring of Aflatoxin M1 in milk using a novel electrochemical aptasensor based on reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles

Accurate and rapid detection of Aflatoxins as one of the most hazardous compounds in foodstuffs is very important. In this study, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor was developed to identify aflatoxin M1 using a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The morphological characteristics of the electrode surface were investigated using SEM and rGO functional groups were confirmed by FTIR. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to characterize various stages of electrode modification. In order to optimize the impedimetric response of the aptasensor, aptamer immobilization time, aptamer concentration, and binding aflatoxin M1 with aptamer time were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of 0.5–800 ng/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng/L were obtained for aflatoxin M1 by measuring the resistance charge transfer data. Finally, the fabricated aptasensor was successfully used to measure AFM1 compared to HPLC method.

IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLULASES ON CHITOSAN: APPLICATION FOR SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS

In this work, a commercial cellulolytic cocktail was immobilized on glutaraldehyde activated chitosan gel. The chitosan concentration in the gel preparation, pH, immobilization time and enzymatic loading were evaluated. Immobilized cellulases showed better hydrolysis performance when an enzyme loading of 134 mg protein/g carrier was used for immobilization at pH 9.0 for 30 minutes. Hydrolysates with a glucose content of 13.43 and 10.35 g/L were obtained when Avicel and pretreated sugarcane bagasse were used as substrate, respectively. Immobilized cellulase lost 60% of its hydrolysis performance after 8 cycles using Avicel, and 75% after 6 cycles for sugarcane bagasse. The hydrolysis performance associated with the reuse of the immobilized cellulases indicates that an improvement in the immobilization of cellulases, coupled with an improvement in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, will allow the development of a continuous hydrolysis system with the enzyme retained in the reactor.

Fabrication of silver-coated PET track-etched membrane as SERS platform for detection of acetaminophen

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were immobilized on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane using diethylenetriamine (DETA) as a chemical linker. The molecule of DETA was attached to the surface of PET via an amide bond following scission of the polyester ester bond on the PET surface. The AgNPs were immobilized on the surface of diethylenetriamine-modified PET membrane via a silver-nitrogen covalent bond. The silver-coated, DETA-modified and unmodified PET membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ulltraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the size of AgNPs also increased with time of immobilization. The percentage of elemental silver also increased with increase in time of immobilization of AgNPs on the surface of DETA-modified PET membrane. The AgNP-coated PET membrane was used as SERS platform to detect acetaminophen in water. The SERS results showed that acetaminophen molecules could be detected with high Raman scattering intensity arising from adsorption of acetaminophen molecules on the silver nanoparticles of the SERS platform.Graphical abstract

Immobilization of Sucrose Isomerase from Erwinia sp. with Graphene Oxide and Its Application in Synthesizing Isomaltulose.

Sucrose isomerase (SIase) is a key enzyme used for the production of isomaltulose from sucrose. In this study, an SIase gene from Erwinia sp. Ejp617 (ErSIase) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant ErSIase was served as biocatalyst combined with the graphene oxide (GO) as carrier for ErSIase immobilization. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and confocal laser microscopy analyses showed that ErSIase was successfully immobilized on the surface of GO to form ErSIase-GO. The loading capacity of ErSIase on GO reached up to 460mg/g with a specific activity of 727.04 U/mg protein when the optimal immobilization time of 12h and the ErSIase/GO ratio of 7.4:4 (w/w) were applied. A high conversion rate of 95.3% was reached from sucrose to isomaltulose using ErSIase-GO as biocatalyst with 600g/L sucrose as substrate, after 180min at 40°C and pH 6.0. Moreover, stabilities of the immobilized ErSIase-GO in the aspects of thermal, pH, and storage were improved, and its activity after 10 batches still remained around 80% under the optimal conditions. The Km value of ErSIase-GO was 29.32mM, and the kcat/Km was increased to 27.34s-1mM-1 when 0.1% (w/v) detergent NP40 was added. These results indicated that the ErSIase was well immobilized onto GO, and the ErSIase-GO is a promising biocatalyst with high operational stability and catalytic activity for industrial production of isomaltulose.

Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase onto electrospun polyurethane nanofiber matrices

AbstractIn this work, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized onto polyurethane nanofiber membranes. The following variables were optimized to maximize the surface density of grafted HRP (Q): NaClO functionalization time (tf), immobilization time (ti), HRP concentration of the immobilization solution (CHRP), and immobilization temperature (T). Catalytic activity was evaluated using the decolorization reaction of Orange II (OII). A statistical analysis of SEM images demonstrates that fiber diameters (d) of native (M), AGE‐modified (MA), and HRP immobilized (MAH) electrospun membranes obeyed a log‐normal distribution and that the effects of the NaClO activation procedure, and the use of MAH membranes in OII oxidation during 4 h on the fiber size were negligible. Although obtained membranes at 40°C (MAH9540) presented the highest Q, matrices obtained at 20°C (MAH9520) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, indicating that HRP was partially inactivated during the immobilization at 40°C. Reusability tests demonstrated that membranes retained between 11% and 33% of their initial enzyme activity after a total reaction time between 4 and 8 h.

Adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) on microalgae immobilized by different carriers

To solve the problem of harvesting microalgae during heavy metal adsorption, six different carriers were selected in this study to compare the adsorption behavior of microalgae after immobilization. The results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and adsorption showed chitosan as a carrier showed the best immobilization effect and adsorption advantages after immobilizing microalgae. The optimal immobilized carrier-chitosan was obtained under the following conditions of chitosan: acetic acid (2:40), microalgae concentration (108 cells mL−1), and immobilization time (18 h). The optimal adsorption conditions were as follows: temperature: 30 °C, pH: 7.0, adsorption dose: 1.5 g L−1, initial ion concentration: 40 mg L−1. The adsorption capacity of metal ions can reach 37.1 mg g−1 Cr(VI), 25.98 mg g−1 Cu(II), 25.06 mg g−1 Pb(II), and 24.62 mg g−1 Cd(II), respectively. The desorption efficiency in 0.5 mol L−1 NaOH desorption solution reached 90.01%. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, excluding chitosan (∼70%), the adsorption efficiency of other adsorbents decreased with an increase in the recycling times. Chitosan was a suitable carrier for the immobilization of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra analysis showed that groups belonging to the microalgae were detected after the microalgae in different carriers, indicating that the microalgae were immobilized with the carriers. At the same time, the energy spectrum changed before and after adsorption indicated the specific functional groups of microalgae played an important role in the adsorption process. The kinetic and isothermal model data showed that the adsorption process was mainly chemical adsorption and homogeneous monolayer adsorption. Moreover, X-ray diffraction showed the interlayer peak strength decreased significantly, indicating that the interlayer structure was stretched after Cr(VI) ion exchange. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the Cr adsorption process involves the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Novelty statement The application of immobilization technology in various aspects of microalgae has attracted the attention of researchers. At present, the research report mainly focuses on the parameter optimization of microalgae immobilized by the carrier, but there are few reports on the comparison of different carriers for microalgae immobilization and the study on the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals by the optimal carrier for microalgae immobilization. In this study, six different carriers were selected to compare the effects of microalgae immobilization, and the optimal carrier was obtained. To further explore the optimal synthesis parameters of the suitable carrier, the optimal adsorption parameters for heavy metals, desorption efficiency, and recycling effect, explore the adsorption mechanism, and provide a feasible basis and theoretical guidance for the extensive application of microalgae immobilization technology in the industry.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF HIGH ENERGY PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURE USING ILLIZAROV EXTERNAL FIXATOR VS HYBRID EXTERNAL FIXATOR

Background: In High energy proximal tibia fracture aim is to achieve adequate reduction and stability without signicantly compromising the soft tissue integrity and vascularity . External xator minimizes soft tissue dissection and minimize other complications. Method: 60 patients' high energy proximal tibia fracture with cases were considered in the study. 30 patients were treated with Ilizarov external xator and 30 patients were treated with hybrid external xator. Results were analyzed both clinically and radiologically using Johner and Wruh's criteria. Results: Mean time of union was 22 week in ilizarov xator group and 34 week in hybrid xator group. Pin tract infection occured in 6 patient (20%) in ilizarov xator group and 4 patient in hybrid xator group. Joint stiffness occured in 3 Patient (10 %) in ilizarov group and 10 patient in hybrid xator group.Shortning occured in 2 patient (6.6 %) in ilizarov xator group and 2 patient in hybrid xator group. Overal results in ilizarov group were excellent in 23 patient (76.7%), good in 5 patient (16.67%) , fair in 2 patient (6.67%) while in hybrid group excellent in 16 patient( 53.33%),good in 10 patient(33.33%),fair in 4(13.33%)patient. Conclusion: External xators are excellent modalities in treatment of high energy proximal tibia fracture with ilizarov method has advantage of early mobilization and early union but require long operative time and bulky framework on other hand hybrid xator has simpler construct ,lesser operative time but has lesser stability , longer union time and longer immobilization time.

Treatment Choice of Complete Distal Forearm Fractures in 8 to 14 Years Old Children.

New surgical techniques have challenged traditional guidelines for nonsurgical treatment in pediatric and adolescent distal forearm fractures. This study was performed to compare outcomes and costs between closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP) and closed reduction with casting in the treatment of complete distal forearm fractures in children 8 to 14 years old. A retrospective cohort study was performed of 175 displaced distal forearm fractures treated with 2 different methods in the emergency department of a children's trauma center. One hundred and fourteen children were managed using CRPP. The remaining 61 were treated with closed reduction and casting. All patients had initial follow-up radiographs. The quality of reduction and the residual angulation in both the coronal and sagittal planes were recorded. Outcomes included the angulation after reduction, residual angulation at final follow-up, radiation exposure, total immobilization time, days absent from school, total costs, and postoperative complications. The postreduction sagittal plane angulation was significantly lower in the CRPP group (P=0.037). While residual deformity between the groups at the 6-month final follow-up was not significantly different in either the sagittal or coronal planes (P=0.486, 0.726), patients in the nonoperative group received greater radiation than those in the operative group (P<0.001). Patients in the nonoperative group missed fewer classes and sustained lower costs (P<0.001, <0.001). The mean immobilization time in each group was not significantly different (31.4±4.4 vs. 32.8±5.9 d; P=0.227). Although the postreduction quality was a little better and radiation exposure was less in the CRPP group, there was no difference between the 2 groups in angulation, total immobilization time, or complication rates after 6 months. The cost and time absent from school of patients in the nonoperative group was significantly lower than in the operative group. There is no clear advantage to CRPP treatment on outcomes. Therefore, closed reduction and casting is recommended in complete distal forearm fractures of children 8 to 14 years old. Level III-therapeutic study.

Mini TightRope Suspension Allows for Accelerated Rehabilitation following Ligament Reconstruction Interposition Arthroplasty of the Basal Joint of the Thumb

Introduction Surgical treatment of thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis usually involves 4 to 8 weeks of postoperative casting and splinting followed by varying mobilization protocols. Suspension arthroplasty has been described as an alternative to allow earlier range of motion exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PRO) when adding a two-string suture-button suspension arthroplasty (Mini TightRope, MTR) to our usual procedure of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), allowing early mobilization. Can we allow early mobilization using this technique without jeopardizing the PRO results at the 1 year follow-up and without an increased risk of complication?Materials and Methods A prospective study using the MTR system (Arthrex) as a suture-button suspensionplasty was conducted. Twelve patients (MTR group) and 36 historical patients (LRTI alone) were included.Results At 12 months, the median value for quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand was 11.3 (range, 0–43.2) in the MTR group and 13.6 (range, 0–88.6) in the LRTI group, resulting in similar improvements, p = 0.46. One in twelve patients in the MTR group was dissatisfied and 9 in 36 in the LRTI group were dissatisfied, p = 0.41. No complications were observed during the first year.Conclusion Supplemental suture-button suspensionplasty can be utilized for high demand patients and patients who want to reduce immobilization time without major complications and with similar PRO as LRTI at 6 and 12 months.Level of evidence Four case series