Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets Research Articles

Monitoring of trace aquatic sulfonamides through hollow zinc-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts anchored on MXene architectures.

Herein, we designed and fabricated hollow N-doped carbon polyhedrons with atomically dispersed Zn species (Zn@HNCPs) through a topo-conversion strategy by utilising metal-organic frameworks as precursors. Zn@HNCPs achieved efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfaguanidine (SG) and phthalyl sulfacetamide (PSA) sulfonamides through the high intrinsic catalytic activity of the Zn-N4 sites and excellent diffusion from the hollow porous nanostructures. The combination of the novel Zn@HNCPs with two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets resulted in improved synergistic electrocatalytic performance for the simultaneous monitoring of SG and PSA. Therefore, the detection limit of SG for this technique is much lower than those of other reported techniques; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection approach for PSA. Moreover, these electrocatalysts show promise for the quantification of SG and PSA in aquatic products. Our insights and findings can serve as guidelines for the development of highly active electrocatalysts for application in next-generation food analysis sensors.

The Marriage of Hydrazone‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks and MXene Enables Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Electrochemical water splitting is long regarded as a green and feasible pathway to realize the scalable hydrogen production, while the overall hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency is largely dependent on the electrocatalytic ability of the cathode catalysts. Herein, the in situ growth of hydrazone‐linked covalent organic framework (COF‐42) nanocrystals with a unique nanoflower‐shaped morphology on 2D ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (COF/Ti3C2Tx) is achieved through a convenient and robust stereoassembly strategy. Strikingly, the marriage of COF‐42 and Ti3C2Tx nanosheets not only offers multiscale porous channels for the fast transportation of electrolyte and electrons, but also enables the full exposure and activation of numerous catalytically active centers. As a consequence, the optimized COF/Ti3C2Tx nanoarchitecture displays exceptional HER properties in terms of a very low onset potential of 19 mV, a small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1 as well as reliable long‐term durability, which are comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations further disclose that the rational combination of COF‐42 with Ti3C2Tx provides more diversified active positions with appropriate ΔGH values, thus leading to a boosted hydrogen generation rate.

Polydopamine-modified Ti3C2Tx to enhance anticorrosion of waterborne zinc-rich epoxy coating

Ti3C2Tx MXene with high specific area, abundant terminal groups, and good mechanical property has exhibited great potential application in anti-corrosion coatings. However, its high conductivity is a two-edged sword and can either be inhibited or be utilized. Hence, it is speculated that Ti3C2Tx MXene can be used to enhance the protection ability of waterborne zinc-rich epoxy coating by utilizing its high conductivity and high specific area. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets modified with polydopamine were successfully prepared according to scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. And then polydopamine-modified Ti3C2Tx was incorporated into waterborne zinc-rich epoxy coating to improve its anticorrosion performance. The polydopamine-modified Ti3C2Tx composites exhibit excellent dispersibility and compatibility with epoxy resin due to the enhanced intermolecular interactions between modified-Ti3C2Tx and epoxy resin, which was demonstrated by experiment and molecular dynamics simulation. After four weeks of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the |Z|0.01Hz value of composite coating (3.0 × 105 Ω cm2) was about three times larger than that of pure zinc-rich epoxy coating (1.1 × 105 Ω cm2). And the Rc value of composite coating was about one order of magnitude higher than that of pure zinc-rich epoxy coating. The better anticorrosion performance of composite coating was attributed to the polydopamine-modified Ti3C2Tx's dual functions of building electrical connection and exerting barrier effect. This work is beneficial to broaden the application of Ti3C2Tx MXene and enrich the protection theory of waterborne zinc-rich epoxy coating.

Hydrogen production by visible light photocatalysis with Chl@g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx S-scheme heterojunction

Sustainable conversion of solar energy to hydrogen energy by photocatalytic splitting of water through the use of semiconductor photocatalytic materials is considered to be a promising and sustainable alternative proposal to replace conventional fossil fuels. However, efficient solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production has remained a great challenge due to the prevailing problems of existing semiconductor photocatalytic materials. It is shown that constructing heterostructures is a very powerful way to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity of composites under visible light. Therefore, in this work, an organic heterojunction structure based on chlorophyll (Chl) molecules and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is reported and exploited for efficient solar energy-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, noble metal-free photocatalysts were successfully constructed with Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets through a simple stepwise complexation process of Chl, g-C3N4, and Ti3C2Tx for the achievement of HER for the photocatalytic decomposition of water. The results show that the optimal Chl@g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx organic heterojunction composite has a remarkably advanced HER performance of 131 μmol/h/gcat, as compared with the traditional Chl@Ti3C2Tx and g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx composites. The results provide new ideas for exploring MXene based catalysts for highly efficient conversion of solar energy.

Electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 using coral-like MnO2-Pi on Ti3C2Tx MXene

MXenes are 2D nanomaterials that are considered the materials of the future generation due to their high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. This research work reports the electrochemical sensing of Vitamin B6 using the Manganese dioxide-inorganic phosphate/MXene brush-coated Carbon fiber paper electrode (MnO2-Pi/MXene/CFP) electrode for the first time. The three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets consisting of highly ordered, vertically aligned nanosheets with electrochemically deposited MnO2-Pi are capable of yielding a synergistic effect in combination with high electrochemical performance and large surface area of MnO2-Pi. The reported electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide linear dynamic range (0.06–650 µM) and a low-level detection limit of 0.021 µM. An increase in the anodic peak current confirms the rapid transfer of electrons transfer arising between the Ti3C2Tx MXene and MnO2-Pi. The results attained substantiate that the fabricated sensor has enhanced selectivity, reproducibility, and stability toward the electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 in real samples.

Multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene oxide/carbon fiber fabric/thermoplastic polyurethane composite for improved mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding performance

The development of flexible electronics has placed higher demands on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, especially in terms of mechanical properties. Herein, a novel composite with excellent mechanical and EMI shielding properties was developed. The electrohydrodynamic atomization deposition approach was used to deposit Ti3C2Tx MXene and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on carbon fiber fabric (CFf) surface, then they were assembled layer by layer with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and thermoformed at high temperature to obtain MG/f-CFf/TPU composite. When the MXene/GO content increases, the mechanical performance of the composite is improved, mainly owing to the formation of chemical bonds and the presence of mechanical interlocking and van der Waals forces. Specifically, the tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composite reach 140.98 MPa and 54.67 MPa, increasing by 72.45 % and 52.92 %, respectively. Benefitting from the unique lamellar structure, the maximum EMI-SE of MG/f-CFf/TPU composite is 38.29 dB. Besides, the MG/f-CFf/TPU composite also displays outstanding EMI-SE stability after 3000 times folding cycles. The flexible MG/f-CFf/TPU composite may provide more guidelines for the design of next-generation flexible EMI shielding materials.

Shear stress-induced delamination method for the mass production of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

MXene nanosheets are considered advantageous for functional materials, but current delamination methods to prepare MXene nanosheets have many limitations including high cost, small production scale, low efficiency, and deteriorated structure integrity of obtained nanosheets. Here, we propose a simple, efficient, and scalable shear stress-induced delamination (SSID) strategy to boost the production of single-/few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that the pan mill-type grinding discs create a strong hydrodynamic flow field, which exerts gigantic shear stress to substantially delaminate the multilayered MXene stacks into homogeneously dispersed MXene nanosheets. Furthermore, shear stress generated from vigorous water flow has limited fragmentation effect, ensuring large lateral size and good structure integrity to the obtained MXene nanosheets as evidenced by the morphological and structural characterizations. Compared to conventional delamination methods, this novel SSID strategy exhibits great advantages in terms of efficiency, scalability and the properties of resultant MXene nanosheets, which opens up great opportunity for the scalable production and commercialization of high-performance MXene-based materials.

Photocatalytic and adsorption performance of MXene@Ag/cryogel composites for sulfamethoxazole and mercury removal from water matrices

Water reuse is expected to grow with the increase of freshwater scarcity that is on the rise globally because of climate change. This research has addressed the preparation of an advanced material that can treat both inorganic and organic contaminants from water thanks to the synergy of its different components. Specifically, the advanced material is a novel hybrid filter media composed of a macroporous cryogel and single-layer Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The cryogel was prepared using polyethylenimine and dimethylacrylamide below subfreezing temperatures. Single-layer MXenes produced via etching of Al from Ti3AlC 2 flakes were sorbed to the cryogel. AgNPs were prepared in-situ and deposited onto the MXenes. The composite was studied using SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, XRF, FT-IR, zeta potential, DRS and it tested with two model substances that are global pollutants of distinct nature: the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, that results from incomplete wastewater treatment, and Hg2+ from geogenic or industrial emissions. The composite acted as sorbent/photocatalyst and was highly effective towards the degradation of sulfamethoxazole under light irradiation together with adsorption of Hg2+ from waters, including river water. The photocatalytic activity of AgNP was enhanced by the MXene co-catalyst, while the cryogel served as scaffold for MXene@Ag and as Hg adsorbent. The effectiveness of composites reached 97% of degradation of sulfamethoxazole and around 98% of Hg2+ when working at concentrations greater than environmental levels. Hence, the combination of adsorption and photocatalytic properties in water filtration media consisting of MXene@Ag/cryogel composites and opportunity to explore for treating water.

Nanoenzyme-Reinforced Multifunctional Scaffold Based on Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets for Promoting Structure-Functional Skeletal Muscle Regeneration via Electroactivity and Microenvironment Management.

The completed volumetric muscle loss (VML) regeneration remains a challenge due to the limited myogenic differentiation as well as the oxidative, inflammatory, and hypoxic microenvironment. Herein, a 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene@MnO2 nanocomposite with conductivity and microenvironment remodeling was fabricated and applied in developing a multifunctional hydrogel (FME) scaffold to simultaneously conquer these hurdles. Among them, Ti3C2Tx MXene with electroconductive ability remarkably promotes myogenic differentiation via enhancing the myotube formation and upregulating the relative expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein and myogenic genes (MyoD and MyoG) in myogenesis. The MnO2 nanoenzyme-reinforced Ti3C2Tx MXene significantly reshapes the hostile microenvironment by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and continuously supplying O2. Together, the FME hydrogel as a bioactive multifunctional scaffold significantly accelerates structure-functional VML regeneration in vivo and represents a multipronged strategy for the VML regeneration via electroactivity and microenvironment management.

Ultra-high thermal conductivity FGN/PVA/MXene composite films with good electrical insulation

The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based composite films with the high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation have attracted more and more attention due to their advantages such as light weight and easy processing. Herein, a series of three-component fluorographene nanosheets (FGN)/PVA/MXene(FPM) films were prepared by vacuum assisted filtration technology with the single layer FGN (1.5–2.5 μm) and PVA as main raw materials and a small amount of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (200–600 nm) as the third phase. The FPM films had ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity of 122.5 W/(m·K) when the addition of Ti3C2Tx MXene was 0.8 wt% of the composite film. The reason is that the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets replace the high thermal resistance PVA molecules and connect the adjacent FGN powders horizontally (via hydrogen bonding), thus greatly reducing phonon scattering at the gap. The FPM films achieve extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity while maintaining excellent insulation and can be used for heat dissipation of small electrical appliances (such as mobile phone CPU). Meanwhile, it provides a new idea for the preparation of composite films with the low cost and high thermal conductivity.

In Situ Growth of CdZnS Nanoparticles@Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheet Heterojunctions for Boosted Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Using natural light energy to convert water into hydrogen is of great significance to solving energy shortages and environmental pollution. Due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers after separation, the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production using photocatalysts is usually very low. Here, efficient CdZnS nanoparticles@Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheet heterojunction photocatalysts have been successfully prepared by a facile in situ growth strategy. Since the CdZnS nanoparticles uniformly covered the Ti3C2Tx Mxene nanosheets, the agglomeration phenomenon of CdZnS nanoparticles could be effectively inhibited, accompanied by increased Schottky barrier sites and an enhanced migration rate of photogenerated carriers. The utilization efficiency of light energy can be improved by inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. As a result, under the visible-light-driven photocatalytic experiments, this composite achieved a high hydrogen evolution rate of 47.1 mmol h-1 g-1, which is much higher than pristine CdZnS and Mxene. The boosted photocatalytic performances can be attributed to the formed heterojunction of CdZnS nanoparticles and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, as well as the weakened agglomeration effects.

Photothermal regulation of macrophage polarization with 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets for enhanced immunomodulatory osteogenesis

Both pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages play vital roles in the immune response during bone tissue regeneration. Current biomaterials are designed to promote M2 macrophage polarization by manipulating various physical properties. However, this approach lacks precision in controlling the initiation of immunomodulation, potentially leading to premature immune suppression. In this study, the photothermal effect of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation was employed to achieve remote regulation of macrophage M2 polarization. Ti3C2Tx exhibited excellent photothermal properties and biocompatibility. The mild thermal stimulation produced by photothermal conversion of Ti3C2Tx under NIR irradiation promoted macrophage M2 polarization in vitro. Subsequently, these photothermal-polarized macrophages increased the secretion of IL-10 and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The synergistic application of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets and NIR presents an innovative strategy for remotely modulating macrophage polarization in a temporally controlled manner, thereby paving the way for the development of advanced osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterials.

A Simple and Effective Physical Ball-Milling Strategy to Prepare Super-Tough and Stretchable PVA@MXene@PPy Hydrogel for Flexible Capacitive Electronics.

Biomimetic flexible electronics for E-skin have received increasing attention, due to their ability to sense various movements. However, the development of smart skin-mimic material remains a challenge. Here, a simple and effective approach is reported to fabricate super-tough, stretchable, and self-healing conductive hydrogel consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Ti3 C2 Tx MXene nanosheets, and polypyrrole (PPy) (PMP hydrogel). The MXene nanosheets and Fe3+ serve as multifunctional cross-linkers and effective stress transfer centers, to facilitate a considerable high conductivity, super toughness, and ultra-high stretchability (elongation up to 4300%) for the PMP hydrogel with. The hydrogels also exhibit rapid self-healing and repeatable self-adhesive capacity because of the presence of dynamic borate ester bond. The flexible capacitive strain sensor made by PMP hydrogel shows a relatively broad range of strain sensing (up to 400%), with a self-healing feature. The sensor can precisely monitor various human physiological signals, including joint movements, facial expressions, and pulse waves. The PMP hydrogel-based supercapacitor is demonstrated with a high capacitance retention of ≈92.83% and a coulombic efficiency of ≈100%.

Amidoxime-Functionalized MXene beads for the effective capture of uranium from wastewater with high fluoride concentrations

The treatment of radioactive wastewater is crucial to ensure the safe and rapid development of nuclear energy. However, efficient disposal of uranium wastewater containing high concentrations of fluoride ions (F−) generated during uranium enrichment and conversion poses a formidable and pressing challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized MXene/PAO hydrogel beads (MPH beads) by self-assembling two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with amidoxime through ionic cross-linking. MPH beads exhibited exceptional uranium adsorption capacity (625 mg/g), remarkable adsorption selectivity, and good reusability. Notably, MPH beads demonstrated a maximum uranium adsorption capacity of 400 mg/g in an aqueous solution containing 8000 ppm F−. Furthermore, MPH beads showed favorable F− resistance and were able to remove>95% of U(Ⅵ) even after being immersed in an extreme environment for 15 days. Additionally, MPH beads achieved a high U(Ⅵ) recovery of 98.2% from real environment water samples using dynamic column experiments, showcasing their excellent application performance. The efficient U(Ⅵ) adsorption and anti-fluoride effect were mainly attributed to the combined complexation between the C(NH2) = N-OH, C-Ti-OH groups and U(Ⅵ), as demonstrated by experiments, characterization, and DFT calculations. Our study highlights the significant potential of MPH beads in the treatment of uranium from radioactive wastewater, especially wastewater with high concentrations of F−.

Ti3C2Tx MXene-SnO2 nanocomposite for superior room temperature ammonia gas sensor

Recently MXenes become the focus of emerging 2D layered materials family owing to their unique properties and promising potential in gas detection. However, the sensitivity and the stability of the pristine MXenes are poor due to their high carrier concentration and abundant active sites on the surface. Herein, superior NH3 sensors with high response and stability were successfully obtained by wrapping the SnO2 nanoparticles on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets via a facile hydrothermal method. The nanostructures, morphologies, and compositions of the Ti3C2Tx MXene-SnO2 composite were systematically characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS techniques. Results show that SnO2 nanoparticles with high specific surface area are uniformly dispersed on the Ti3C2Tx MXene surface, constructing loose heterostructure, which plays a crucial role in gas adsorption/desorption. In the Ti3C2Tx MXene-SnO2 heterostructure, the Ti3C2Tx MXene acts as a signal amplification channel for electron transfer in gas sensing reaction. The sensors exhibit excellent NH3 gas detection at room temperature. Response as high as 75% is observed for 500 ppm NH3 gas. Fast response and recovery times are also obtained, 109 and 342 s, respectively. Moreover, the sensing performances of the Ti3C2Tx MXene-SnO2 composite with various MXene ratios were systematically studied. It is found out that the 16.8%Ti3C2Tx-SnO2 based sensor shows the highest sensitivity in 10∼100 ppm range, and the 9.1%Ti3C2Tx-SnO2 based sensor exhibits the widest detection range. In addition, the selectivity and repeatability were also studied, revealing high selectivity and stability of the Ti3C2Tx MXene-SnO2 composite. Thus, Ti3C2Tx-SnO2 composite provides a new material to design and develop superior room temperature NH3 gas sensors.

Multidimensional nanomaterials synergistic polyimide nanofiber/MXene/NiFe2O4 hybrid aerogel for high-performance microwave absorption

Microwave absorption materials are urgently demanded to control the increasing electromagnetic radiation pollution, but it remains a great challenge to achieve high-performance absorption through ingenious structure design and reasonable multicomponent strategy. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid aerogel constructed from multidimensional nanomaterials was fabricated via freeze-drying method followed by heating treatment process. Therein, 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets and 0D NiFe2O4 nanoparticles act as the electrical-magnetic skeleton of aerogel, while 1D polyimide nanofibers and polydimethylsiloxane as internal supporting parts and external crosslinker, respectively. The macroscopic interconnected porous structure coupled with the microscopic multiphase heterointerfaces are beneficial to forming the perfect impedance matching and superior dielectric/magnetic synergistic loss effects. Thus, the microwave absorption performance of this hybrid aerogel achieves thin thickness (1.5 mm), light weight (∼9.6 mg/cm3), wide effective absorption bandwidth (−6.24 GHz), and strong absorption (minimum reflection loss of −64.87 dB, 99.99996% microwave absorption) features. Besides, this aerogel also exhibits exceptional structural robustness and mechanical properties, as well as good hydrophobicity and thermal insulation characteristics, which ensure its stable and durable microwave absorption application in complex environments. This study effectively integrates multidimensional nanomaterials into a host–guest aerogel system, providing a valuable strategy for constructing high-performance microwave absorption materials.

Surface Groups and Dielectric Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets after NH3·H2O Solvothermal Treatment under Different Temperatures

The rapid development of electronic technology has brought convenience and efficiency to the lives of modern people, while emphasizing the need for novel materials with designability and excellent dielectric properties at the same time. In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (MNSs) underwent NH3·H2O solvothermal treatment at temperatures of 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C. The changes in the surface groups and dielectric properties after the solvothermal treatment were studied. The solvothermal treatment increased the proportion of surface -OH groups, which was beneficial to the permittivity of the MNSs. However, as the treating temperature increased, the amount of -OH on the surface of the MNSs showed a reducing trend, according to XPS spectra. As the treating temperature rose from 40 °C to 80 °C, the real part of the permittivity of MNS sample showed a significant decrease, eventually remaining approximately stable in the 80 °C to 180 °C samples. The results of electromagnetic characterization were in line with the group proportion, as determined via the XPS O1s spectra, supporting the previous conclusion that the -OH group played an important role in the permittivity.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene nanofiltration membranes for enhanced organic dyes removal

Two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets have been identified as promising for constructing ultrathin laminar nanostructures with nanoscale water transport channels for water purification. Herein, ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared via coupling ZnO nanoflowers to the Ti3C2Tx MXene-based laminar nanostructure, which exhibited photocatalytic self-cleaning properties driven by visible light for enhanced organic dye removal. The physicochemical properties and NF performance with and without photocatalytic treatment were systematically characterized. The prepared ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene NF membrane could reject 95.44% Congo red (CR) and demonstrated an excellent water permeability of 138.81 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 (LMH/bar). In comparison to the Ti3C2Tx MXene membrane and the same amount of ZnO powders, the ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene membrane demonstrated higher photodegradation performance to 10 ppm MB. Impressively, the membrane showed an enhanced separation performance for 6 cycles with a RhB rejection > 88.48% and a permeability of 138.69 LMH/bar. Lastly, the synergistic photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO@Ti3C2Tx MXene composite nanostructure was investigated. Such results may offer a novel insight for the fabrication of laminar structured Ti3C2Tx MXene-based NF membranes with photocatalytic induced anti-fouling performance for enhanced dye water purification.

Multi-mechanism response of molten salt-modified MXene with NiCo2O4 nanosheets for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance

To obtain even superior electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, research is currently focused on composite absorbers. The aim of this work is to prepare composite absorbers with multiple absorption mechanisms using 2D porous Ti3C2Tx MXene as a substrate. Here, porous Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with a large layer spacing were formed through high-temperature molten salt treatment of layered Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Then, NiCo2O4 nanosheets were anchored onto the porous Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets through heat treatment, forming a heterogeneous structure of porous Ti3C2Tx MXene/NiCo2O4 (P-MXene/NiCo2O4). The heterogeneous interface between Ti3C2Tx MXene and NiCo2O4 nanosheets forms strong interfacial polarization, while NiCo2O4 connects the MXene layer to layer forming a conductive network structure. Furthermore, NiCo2O4 nanosheets suppress the self-stacking of porous Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets and improve impedance matching. As a result, P-MXene/NiCo2O4 offers excellent EMW absorption performance with a reflection loss (RL) value of − 64.7 dB at a matching thickness of 4.465 mm. This study provides a new idea for pretreating Ti3C2Tx MXene and constructing efficient composite absorbing materials for electromagnetic waves.

MIL-101(Cr) molecular cage anchored on 2D Ti3C2TX MXene nanosheets as high-performance electrochemical sensing platform for detection of xanthine.

A new electrochemical sensing material based on the MIL-101(Cr) molecular cage anchored on 2D Ti3C2TX-MXene nanosheets was prepared by using the in situ growth molecular engineering strategy. The sensing material was characterized by using different methods such as SEM, XRD, and XPS. The electrochemical sensing performance of MIL-101(Cr)/Ti3C2Tx-MXene was studied by DPV, CV, EIS, and other techniques. The electrochemical tests showed that the linear range of the modified electrode for xanthine (XA) detection was 1.5-73.0 μM and 73.0-133.0 μM, the detection limit was 0.45 μM (working potential of + 0.71 V vs. Ag/AgCl), and the performance is superior compared with the reported enzyme-free modified electrodes for detecting XA. The fabricated sensor has high selectivity and stability. It has good practicability in serum analysiswith recoveries of 96.58-103.27% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.58-4.32%.