Ti Anode Research Articles

Corrosion behavior of pure titanium anodes in saline medium and their performance for humic acid removal by electrocoagulation.

The corrosion behavior of Ti electrodes and the dependence of their anodic dissolution with the experimental conditions, namely pH, current density (j) and supporting electrolyte nature, have been investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests have been performed. It has been found that pH has a relevant effect on the electrochemical dissolution of Ti. In chloride medium, metal dissolution was partially caused by pitting corrosion and the corrosion potential was shifted to more cathodic values. Conversely, in phosphate medium, corrosion was inhibited by the formation of a compact passive layer of titanium hydroxide/phosphate. Further, the mechanisms of sacrificial Ti anode dissolution during the electrocoagulation process are discussed. The influence of the supporting electrolyte, pH and j on the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation process for humic acid (HA) removal was assessed. Under optimized conditions, total decolorization was achieved in 60 min, eventually attaining 94% total organic carbon (TOC) removal.

Degradation of Ir-Ta oxide coated Ti anodes in sulfuric acid solutions containing fluoride

The lifetime of IrO2-Ta2O5 coated titanium anodes has been investigated using a galvanostatic accelerated life test (ALT) method in 2 M (2000 mol/m3) H2SO4 solutions containing fluoride. Fluoride addition in the concentration range of 25−200 ppm significantly reduces the lifetime of films through localized thinning and in some cases, complete removal of film. While the presence of fluoride does not affect the overpotential for oxygen evolution, it lowers the efficacy of oxygen evolution. Complexation of fluoride by aluminum ions reduces the deleterious effects of fluoride. Based on thermodynamic and XPS analyses, a degradation mechanism has been proposed.

Removal of COD from Industrial Biodiesel Wastewater Using an Integrated Process: Electrochemical-Oxidation with IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti Anodes and Chitosan Powder as an Adsorbent

The production of biodiesel is an energy and water-intensive process that produces wastewater with high concentrations of COD, BOD, and FOG. Conventional treatment processes are not capable of treating contaminants and pollutants in biodiesel wastewater to satisfactory concentrations, and hence, advanced treatment processes are necessary. Untreated discharge of biodiesel wastewater results in additional costs during the production of biodiesel when penalties and fines are applied. In this research, a lab-scale integrated treatment process was used to investigate the successful abatement of contaminants, COD, BOD and FOG, present in industrial biodiesel wastewater. The integrated treatment process consisted of three consecutive steps: acidification, electrochemical oxidation, and adsorption. Acidification as a pre-treatment occurred at a pH of 2. Electrochemical oxidation using IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and NaCl concentration of 0.08 M was followed by three consecutive adsorption stages using Chitosan powder at a concentration of 4.5 g/L. The experimental results show that the integrated treatment process could reduce COD, BOD and FOG levels by 94%, 86% and 95%, respectively. The treated effluent complies with local industrial effluent discharge standards, which could be disposed of safely without further treatment.

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate by electro-oxidation and electrocoagulation using RuO2–IrO2/Ti and microscale zero-valent iron composite electrode

Electro-oxidation using RuO2–IrO2/Ti plate anode and electrocoagulation using iron plate anode were widely applied to remove ammonia and phosphate in an aquatic environment, respectively. In this work, we designed magnetically bound ZVI microparticles on RuO2–IrO2/Ti plate as a composite electrode for the simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate from aqueous solution via combined EO and EC (EO/EC) processes. We present a series of experiments to study such simultaneous removal under an electric field via the EO/EC process. In the electrochemical unit, mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti, mZVI-graphite, and RuO2–IrO2/Ti electrodes were used as anodes. The influence of applied voltage, initial pH, zero-valent iron dosage, reaction temperature, and organic compounds on the EO/EC process was also examined. Ammonia and phosphate could be completely removed at an applied voltage of 10 V, pH of 7, zero-valent iron dosage of 0.1 g, and reaction temperature of 35 °C using mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti anode when influent ammonia and phosphate concentrations is 200 and 100 mg L−1. Ammonia degradation was consistent with pseudo-zero-order kinetic model. The characterization was analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hence, the mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti electrode can be used for efficient simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate.

Oxygen evolution at IrO2-modified Ti anodes prepared by a simple galvanic deposition method

Highly active IrO2-modified Ti anodes have been prepared via a simple galvanic deposition process whereby a Ti substrate (freshly etched in boiling HCl containing fluoride ions) has been treated with an Ir(IV) solution, resulting in the reduction-deposition of Ir(IV) as metallic Ir on the surface of the Ti substrate with the simultaneous oxidation of nearby freshly etched Ti sites. Cyclic voltammetry of the resulting (Ir-TiO2)/Ti electrode in acidic solutions revealed features of IrO2 formation at positive applied potential values during continuous potential cycling. SEM micrographs showed good Ir dispersion on the Ti substrate, while EDS and XPS analysis of the deposits provided direct evidence for Ir and IrO2 presence on the surface of the electrodes. These electrodes, when tested as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) anodes by slow potential sweep voltammetry and constant potential amperometry, exhibited one of the highest mass specific activities for OER (560 mA mgIr−1) reported for IrO2 anode materials.

Passivation effect for current collectors enables high-voltage aqueous sodium ion batteries

The narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of electrolyte has hindered the development of aqueous sodium ion batteries greatly, especially the choice of electrode materials. Here, through theoretical calculation and experimental proof, it's found that the deposition of oxide films on both Al cathode and Ti anode current collectors exhibits strong passivation effect. When the thickness of Al2O3 film on Al is about 3 nm and the thickness of TiO2 film on Ti is about 5 nm, the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolyte can be expanded to 3.5 V. Therefore, TiS2 with low working potential (1.5 V versus Na+/Na) can be used as anode material in aqueous sodium-ion battery for the first time. We assembled a full cell coupling TiS2 anode with Prussian blue cathode in 15 M NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte. The full cell of 2.6 V demonstrates cycle life up to 1000 times with high energy density (100 Wh kg−1) and high rate capability (30 C).

Electrochemical properties of IrO2-Ti2O5-Co3O4 coated Ti anode in acid media

Iridium oxide-tantalum pentoxide (IrO2–Ta2O5) coated anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition on a tubular titanium substrate with and without cobalt salts containing a precursor. The surface morphology and microstructure of the deposited coatings were investigated by use of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The electrochemical properties of the deposited thin coatings were examined by cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization scan and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The service life cycle of the applied coatings was evaluated under electrolysis at a constant current density of 1 A cm−2 in 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. The role of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) in the electrocatalytic activity and stability of IrO2–Ta2O5 coating are discussed. A small amount of Co3O4 resulted in improving the life cycle of the IrO2-Ta2O5 anode in the 1 M H2SO4 solution due to dense nature coating. Meanwhile, the Co3O4 had no significant contribution to the electrochemical measurements.

Combined electrocoagulation and electrooxidation process in electro membrane bioreactor to improve membrane filtration effectiveness

Membrane bioreactor is a trustworthy and encouraging technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. However, intensive research studies for fouling control of the MBR technology are still proceeding. Recently, the combination of MBR with electrochemical processes (eMBR) has been adopted as an alternative technological method for membrane fouling mitigation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of electrode materials on the permeate flux, filterability, and cake characterization deposited on the membrane surface in eMBR. Iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) anodes were used in eMBR system to test electrocoagulation and electrooxidation effectiveness on membrane fouling, respectively. PES 005 membrane was operated under two different voltages (15 and 30 V) and membrane performance was compared to membrane without electrical field. The permeate fluxes were 30, 47, 82 L/m2/h for Fe anode and 30, 42, 70 L/m2/h for Ti anode at 0, 15, and 30 V for 120 min filtration period.

Multiscale design for high-performance glycolic acid electro-synthesis cell: Preparation of nanoscale-IrO2-applied Ti anode and optimization of cell assembling

Performance of a polymer electrolyte alcohol electrosynthesis cell (PEAEC) using a glycolic acid (GC)/oxalic acid (OX) redox couple was enhanced via the multiscale approach, i.e., increase of reaction rate on an anode by employing nanometer-scale (nanoscale) IrO2 catalysts and increase of selectivity for GC production via optimization of cell structures, i.e., a millimeter-scale approach. We prepared nanoscale IrO2 anode catalyst, which is mixture of IrO2 nanoparticles (d = 3.7 ± 1.8 nm) and their agglomerates (d < 200 nm). The linear sweep voltammetry measurement for water oxidation revealed that the nanoscale IrO2 catalyst deposited on a porous carbon paper reduces overpotential for water oxidation by 196 mV from that obtained with an anode composed of commercial microscale IrO2 grans. Furthermore, application of the nanoscale IrO2 catalyst on porous titanium paper not only improved durability but also doubly enhanced water oxidation performance. We examined various PEAEC architectures composed of the nanoscale IrO2 applied Ti anode. Both nanometer- and millimeter-scale approaches realized the best PEAEC performance for GC production, i.e., 59.4% of energy conversion efficiency with 97.1% of Faradaic efficiency for the GC production at 1.8 V and 98.9% of conversion for 3 M OX, which is an almost saturated aqueous solution at operating temperature of the PEAEC (60 °C).

SrFexNi1-xO3-δ Perovskites Coated on Ti Anodes and Their Electrocatalytic Properties for Cleaning Nitrogenous Wastewater.

Perovskites (ABO3), regarded as the antioxidative anode materials in electrocatalysis to clean nitrogenous wastewater, show limited oxygen vacancies and conductivity due to their traditional semiconductor characteristic. To further improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity, the ferrum (Fe) element was first doped into the SrNiO3 to fabricate the SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites, and their optimum fabrication conditions were determined. SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites were coated on a titanium (Ti) plate to prepare the SrFexNi1−xO3−δ/Ti electrodes. Afterward, one SrFexNi1−xO3−δ/Ti anode and two stainless steel cathodes were combined to assemble the electrocatalytic reactor (ECR) for cleaning simulated nitrogenous wastewater ((NH4)2SO4 solution, initial total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 150 mg L−1). Additionally, SrFexNi1−xO3−δ materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel curves, respectively. The results indicate that SrFexNi1−xO3−δ materials are featured with the perovskite crystal structure and Fe is appreciably doped into SrNiO3. Moreover, the optimum conditions for fabricating SrFexNi1−xO3−δ were the reaction time of 120 min for citrate sol-gel, a calcination temperature of 700 °C, and Fe doping content of x = 0.3. SrFe0.3Ni0.7O2.85, and perovskite performs attractive electrocatalytic activity (TN removal ratio of 91.33%) and ECR conductivity of 3.62 mS cm−1 under an electrocatalytic time of 150 min. Therefore, SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites are desirable for cleaning nitrogenous wastewater in electrocatalysis.

TOC and COD removal from instant coffee and coffee products production wastewater by chemical coagulation assisted electrooxidation

This paper describes and discusses an investigation into the treatment performance of Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD), Pt coated Ti (Pt) and various Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) anodes after pre-treatment chemical coagulation for total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from instant coffee and coffee products production wastewater. Firstly, the performance of coagulants, AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3 and FeSO4 were investigated. Secondly, the treatment performance of BDD, Pt and various MMO anodes, the influence of the applied current density and the effect of flow rate for the best-performed electrode were investigated. Also, specific energy consumptions and anode performances were calculated and evaluated for electrooxidation process. At the pre-treatment, among the four coagulants, AlCl3 showed the best performance removing 29% TOC and COD 55%. At the electrooxidation process, BDD electrode achieved the best performance. At the end of the 6 h run period, BDD electrode achieved 95% TOC and 97% COD removal. On the other hand, Pt and MMO electrodes just removed 13–22% TOC and 25–50% COD respectively. In this study, the BDD electrode performed much better than Pt and MMO electrodes.

Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat by Pt Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Anodes

Nanotube structured TiO2 on Ti surface were prepared in ethylene glycol (Ti/TiO2NTEG) medium by anodic oxidation method with different times and then the plates were calcinated at different temperatures. Non-nanotube structured Ti/TiO2, prepared by thermal oxidation method, and nanotube structured TiO2 on Ti plate in hydrogen fluoride solution were also prepared for comparison. Pt loaded Ti/TiO2NTEG photoanodes were also prepared by cyclic voltammetry method with different cycles and the optimum loaded Pt amount was determined. Photoanodes were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX), and photocurrent methods. XRD analyses proved that almost all TiO2 is in anatase phase. SEM analyses show that nanotubes and Pt nanoparticles on nanotube surface are dispersed quite homogeneously. The longest nanotubes were obtained in the ethylene glycol medium and the nanotube length increased by increasing applied anodic oxidation time. In addition, a linear correlation between nanotube length and XRD peak intensity was found. Moreover, SEM-EDX and XRD analyses evidence that Pt nanoparticles on nanotube surface are metallic and in cubic structure. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of paraquat was performed using the prepared photoanodes. Moreover, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic degradations of paraquat were also investigated for comparison, however lower activities were observed. These results evidence that the photoanodes show a significant synergy for photoelectrocatalytic activity.

Efficient photoelectrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B on metal electrodes without photocatalyst or supporting electrolyte

We designed photoelectrochemical cells to achieve efficient oxidation of rhodamine B (RhB) without the need for photocatalyst or supporting electrolyte. RhB, the metal anode/cathode, and O2 formed an energy-relay structure, enabling the efficient formation of O 2 – species under ultraviolet illumination. In a single-compartment cell (S cell) containing a titanium (Ti) anode, Ti cathode, and 10 mg·mL–1 RhB in water, the zero-order rate constant of the photoelectrochemical oxidation (kPEC) of RhB was 0.049 mg·L–1·min–1, while those of the photochemical and electrochemical oxidations of RhB were nearly zero. kPEC remained almost the same when 0.5 mol·L–1 Na2SO4 was included in the reactive solution, regardless of the increase in the photocurrent of the S cell. The kPEC of the illuminated anode compartment in the two-compartment cell, including a Ti anode, Ti cathode, and 10 mg·mL–1 RhB in water, was higher than that of the S cell. These results support a simple, eco-friendly, and energysaving method to realize the efficient degradation of RhB. Open image in new window

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate on Tin cathode: Influence of anode materials

In this work, electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate on Tin cathode coupled with Pt, IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti and β-PbO2/Ti anodes was investigated by electrochemical tests and lab-scale experiments. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared anodes demonstrate the layers doped on Ti plates exist in tetragonal phase of IrO2 and β-PbO2 crystals with dendritic and pyramid shapes, respectively, benefiting to increasing anode area in water electrolysis. The electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry (CV), polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in Na2SO4 solution indicate the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode possesses higher oxygen evolution activity compared with those of Pt and β-PbO2/Ti ones; this is because of its excellent abilities in enlarging electrode area, decreasing oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and increasing oxidation kinetics for water decomposition, which effectively enhances the CO2 reduction. The faradic and energy efficiencies of IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode are 40.2% and 27.4%, raising by ratios of 7.2%, 81.1% and 12.8%, 242.5% to those of Pt and β-PbO2/Ti, respectively, at applied current of 0.3 A and reaction time of 24 h during formate production. Moreover, the power consumption lowered to 13.0 kW h/kg formate on IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode was achieved and it is much less than those on other two anodes, offsetting about 53.8% of the input energy if prices of the formate and electricity are overall taken into account. Therefore, anode materials highly affect the reductive kinetics and employment of anodes with lower OEP is a cost-effective strategy for electrochemical CO2 reduction.

Advanced oxidation process for the decontamination of stainless steels containing uranium

Advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the decontamination of stainless steel plates was evaluated using IrO2–Ta2O5|Ti and boron doped diamond (BDD) as the potential anode materials for removing radioactive U-238 from contaminated stainless steel components. Decontamination of non-compactable radioactive wastes, such as tools and equipment, aims to reduce the volume of waste that must be further conditioned and stored. The technical viability of the application of electrochemical techniques, such as AOP, in the decontamination of non-compactable radioactive stainless steel (containing uranium) waste materials, was studied in this work. To better understand the viability of this process, initial tests were performed with stainless steel plates coated with WO3, to simulate a work piece contaminated by a radioactive compound, to determine the best conditions of pH, electrolyte support, distance between the electrodes and the cell potential for the removal of tungsten, and subsequently, uranium, by AOP. Stainless steel coated by WO3, as cathode while using IrO2–Ta2O5|Ti or BDD anodes were studied to obtain the highest generation of ·OH radicals over the shortest time. In subsequent AOP testing, using the optimal experimental conditions found for the removal of WO3, stainless steels coated with the radioactive contaminant UO2(NO3)2 studies were performed to evaluate the viability of the radioactive decontamination process. Efficiencies of uranium removal of greater than 90% were obtained in 1 h while maintaining pH = 1, a cell potential of 2.4 V and distance between anode/cathode electrodes of 1 cm.

Study of electrochemical removal of phenanthrene in bentonite clay by physicochemical indicators

Abstract Bentonite was used as model clay to evaluate the electrochemical degradation and removal of phenanthrene in clay-soils, by applying a dimensionally stable electrode. Gas chromatography couple to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify and analyze the post-treatment greases and oils extracted from bentonite. Phenanthrene removal and the products generated by its degradation were evaluated indirectly in bentonite after the process, using physicochemical parameters such as pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and zeta potential clay substrate. An acidic front close to the IrO2–Ta2O5|Ti anode was formed in the presence of OH free radicals. As a result, the physicochemical soil parameters changed throughout the electrochemical cell. The results show that phenantrene was removed from bentonite and degraded after 4 h of electrokinetic treatment in presence of 0.1 M NaOH.

Effect of precursor baking on the electrochemical properties of IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes

IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were thermally pretreated by means of baking and continuous heating, and then thermal decomposition at 450 °C for 30 min. To prepare an IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode, a Ti substrate was dipped in the precursor, baked at 80 or 90 °C for different periods, and then thermally decomposed at 450 °C for 30 min in the air furnace. The electrochemical properties of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were evaluated through their voltammetric charges measured in the 1 M H2SO4 solution and their performance lives tested with 2 Acm−2 in the 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution. Microstructures of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were characterized with x-ray diffractometer. The chemical compositions and surface morphologies of prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes were analyzed with scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Based on the results of x-ray diffraction, only IrO2-diffracted peaks were detected from prepared IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes. A mud-crack surface structure was seen from prepared IrO2-Ta2O5 coatings. The crack density and the crack width of an IrO2-Ta2O5 coating were obviously affected by different thermal pretreatments of baking methods and heating rates. The crack width of IrO2-Ta2O5 coating increased with an increasing the baking time. A relatively high voltammetric charge can be found from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode with wide cracks and high crack density. On the other hand, long lifetime values were detected from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode with a crack width more than 2 μm. The highest voltammetric charge was detected from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode prepared through baking at 90 °C for 180 s. On the other hand, the longest lifetime was found from the IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode pretreated with continuous heating at a rate of 7 °C/min.

Stimulation of the germination and growth of different plant species using an electric field treatment with IrO2‐Ta2O5|Ti electrodes

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of this research was to develop the electro‐culturing process for different species of plants including Arabidopsis thaliana and Mammillaria mathildae using IrO2‐Ta2O5|Ti | Ti (anode) electrodes while applying a constant direct current electric field.RESULTSGermination rate was increased in both plant species, growth rate was also enhanced during early life stages of A. thaliana, while the size of the Cactaceae M. mathildae was also increased. Root structure was analyzed in an in vitro analysis using A. thaliana and several enhanced aspects were observed.CONCLUSIONSThis Testing showed that an electro‐culturing process was beneficial during testing as soil ions underwent electro‐migration allowing the permeation of the nutrients to the seeds. Furthermore, a decrease in pH was observed near the IrO2‐Ta2O5|Ti anodes, due to electrolysis of the water during the electro‐culture process (pH = 1), and generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) was observed during this electrolysis when seeds were exposed to low intensity direct current electric fields for a short time. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Impact of supporting electrolytes on the stability of TiO2–Ti counter electrode during H2O2 electrogeneration

This work focuses on the role of common supporting electrolytes (SEs) in the electro-chemical inertness of Ti-based materials employed for the anodic (direct) oxidation coupled with H2O2 electro-generation at the graphite cathode for the concurrent decomposition of organic contaminants. SEs are added to boost up the ionic conductivity of solution but a question always remains on the effect of SEs on the stability of anode materials. The use of ClO 4 − is encouraged in the electro-Fenton process as it does not form complexes with Fe2+/Fe3+; however, it is found that ClO 4 − corroded the TiO2 coated Ti (TiO2–Ti) anode very fast (>60 min) and, Ti4+ ions formed a yellow color complex (λmax = 380 nm) with H2O2. The influence of Cl–, NO 3 − and SO 4 2− was insignificant on the stability of TiO2–Ti. The cell current efficiency of H2O2 formation dropped sharply with in the case of TiO2–Ti anode. The TiO2–Ti corrosion also reduced the mass transfer co-efficient of DO transport from bulk to the cathode surface because of Ti4+ adsorption on graphite.

Effect of Surface Properties of Titanium Anode on Surface Brightness of Electrodeposited Copper Foil

Copper foil has been widely used for fabricating electronic products as conducting wires. Of course, it is also employed as the current collector of lithium ion battery (LIB). For the current collector of a LIB, the common copper foil is made by rolling approach. However, its cost is high although its performance is good. Alternatively, electrodeposited (ED) copper foil, which is cheaper than the rolled copper foil, is produced to replace the rolled copper foil. To meet the requirement of the current collector of a LIB, the surface brightness and crystalline structure of the ED copper foil has to be specifically made.In this work, how to obtain a glossy and smooth surface of the ED copper foil is our target. According to papers(1, 2) the surface condition of the Ti anode for copper foil electrodeposition is critical. Herein, we designed two approaches to reveal which factor is significant if someone would like to obtain a glossy and smooth ED copper foil. One approach is physical, that is polish condition of the Ti anode; the other approach is chemical, that is etching condition of the Ti anode. The brightness of the ED copper foil was measured by a tool. The surface morphologies of the Ti anode and the ED copper foils were imaged using a scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The surface element on the processed Ti anode was analyzed by EDS. The copper deposition and oxidation (i.e., stripping) was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that chemical approach is more effective than physical approach to obtain a glossy and smooth ED copper foil. The result is interesting because it indicates that the surface oxidation condition is a key factor to form a glossy and smooth ED copper foil rather than surface roughness of the Ti anode. Keywords: Copper foil, Lithium ion battery, Electrodeposition, Ti anode