Abstract
Perovskites (ABO3), regarded as the antioxidative anode materials in electrocatalysis to clean nitrogenous wastewater, show limited oxygen vacancies and conductivity due to their traditional semiconductor characteristic. To further improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity, the ferrum (Fe) element was first doped into the SrNiO3 to fabricate the SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites, and their optimum fabrication conditions were determined. SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites were coated on a titanium (Ti) plate to prepare the SrFexNi1−xO3−δ/Ti electrodes. Afterward, one SrFexNi1−xO3−δ/Ti anode and two stainless steel cathodes were combined to assemble the electrocatalytic reactor (ECR) for cleaning simulated nitrogenous wastewater ((NH4)2SO4 solution, initial total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 150 mg L−1). Additionally, SrFexNi1−xO3−δ materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel curves, respectively. The results indicate that SrFexNi1−xO3−δ materials are featured with the perovskite crystal structure and Fe is appreciably doped into SrNiO3. Moreover, the optimum conditions for fabricating SrFexNi1−xO3−δ were the reaction time of 120 min for citrate sol-gel, a calcination temperature of 700 °C, and Fe doping content of x = 0.3. SrFe0.3Ni0.7O2.85, and perovskite performs attractive electrocatalytic activity (TN removal ratio of 91.33%) and ECR conductivity of 3.62 mS cm−1 under an electrocatalytic time of 150 min. Therefore, SrFexNi1−xO3−δ perovskites are desirable for cleaning nitrogenous wastewater in electrocatalysis.
Highlights
With rapid industrialization development, nitrogenous wastewater massively generated by the chemical industry, municipal engineering, and agricultural life leads to a serious threat to humankind and the ecosystem [1]
To improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for removing NH4 + during the electrocatalysis, low-cost SrFex Ni1−x O3−δ perovskites were fabricated by doping Fe into SrNiO3, and their optimum fabrication conditions were determined
) need to be further confirmed and citrate sol-gel, calcination temperature and doping content of Fe in SrFex Ni1−x O3−δ ) need to be further their electrocatalytic properties are studied in cleaning the nitrogenous wastewater
Summary
Nitrogenous wastewater massively generated by the chemical industry, municipal engineering, and agricultural life leads to a serious threat to humankind and the ecosystem [1]. Various treatment technologies have been developed to remove the nitrogenous contaminations in wastewater, such as ion exchange [2], the biochemical method [3], breakpoint chlorination [4], and adsorption [5]. Based on the above analysis, SrFex Ni1−x O3−δ perovskites through doping Fe element into the SrNiO3 perform the better conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. To improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for removing NH4 + during the electrocatalysis, low-cost SrFex Ni1−x O3−δ perovskites were fabricated by doping Fe into SrNiO3 , and their optimum fabrication conditions were determined. SrFex Ni1−x O3−δ perovskites achieve attractive total nitrogen (TN) removal ratio and conductivity, indicating that they are suitable to clean nitrogenous wastewater in electrocatalysis
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