Thyroid-stimulating Hormone In Women Research Articles

Impact of sleep restriction on biomarkers of thyroid function: Two pooled randomized trials

BackgroundChronic, mildly insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, but whether the regulation of thyroid hormones and related growth factors are mechanisms of this association is unclear. We investigated whether 6 wk of mild sleep restriction (SR) alters levels of free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), a modulator of FT4, in adults with adequate habitual sleep (AS; 7–9 h/night). MethodsHealthy adults participated in one of two randomized, crossover studies with identical 6-wk intervention phases: AS and SR (1.5 h/night < AS). Fasted blood samples were collected at baseline and endpoint of each phase. Outcomes were concentrations of FT4, TSH, and FGF-21 (women only). Linear mixed models tested the effects of SR vs AS on the outcomes, adjusting for baseline levels, week, sex, and sex-by-condition interaction. ResultsThirty participants (20 women; 73% racial/ethnic minority; age 21–64 y [M±SD = 36.2 ± 12.8 y]) were included. In the full sample, no effects of SR on FT4 (β±SE = 0.02 ± 0.04, p = 0.654) or TSH (β±SE = −0.02 ± 0.04, p = 0.650) were observed; however, there were sex-by-condition interactions for both FT4 (p-interaction = 0.056) and TSH (p-interaction = 0.049). In sex-stratified analyses, TSH was reduced in SR vs. AS in women (β±SE = −0.11 ± 0.04, p = 0.011, Cohen's f2 = 0.55) but not men (β±SE = 0.09 ± 0.08, p = 0.261). Among women (n = 17), FGF-21 was not significantly different between conditions (β±SE = 8.51 ± 17.70, p = 0.638). ConclusionProlonged mild SR reduces TSH in women, whereas FT4 and FGF-21 remain unaffected compared with AS. If sustained, disruptions to the thyrotropic axis in women may contribute to their more pronounced cardiometabolic risk in response to SR compared with men.

The Importance of TSH Testing and Adjusted Reference Ranges in Pregnant and Pregnancy-Planning Women: A Case Study

Thyroid function is critical during pregnancy, as thyroid hormones play a significant role in the development of the fetal brain and nervous system. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) testing is an essential tool in monitoring thyroid function. This case study highlights the importance of TSH testing in women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. It discusses the impact of thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy outcomes and underscores the need for routine TSH screening to ensure maternal and fetal health. This case study emphasizes that pregnancy panel labs should highlight the need for altered reference ranges for TSH in women planning to conceive, ensuring results above 2.5 mIU/L are flagged for follow-up and potential treatment. By adjusting the reference ranges and providing timely intervention, better pregnancy outcomes can be achieved, safeguarding both maternal and fetal health.

Relationship between maternal obesity and first-trimester TSH in women with negative anti-TPO antibodies.

Obesity is associated with increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in non-pregnant subjects, but this phenomenon has not been fully characterized during pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of BMI on first-trimester TSH in a wide cohort of pregnant women with negative anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (AbTPO) and its implications on uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), a marker of early placentation. The study included 2268 AbTPO-negative pregnant women at their first antenatal visit. Anamnestic data, BMI, TSH, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) positivity and mean UtA-PI were collected. A total of 1693 women had normal weight, 435 were overweight and 140 were obese. Maternal age, ANA/ENA positivity, history of autoimmune diseases and familiar history of thyroid diseases were similar in the three groups. TSH was significantly higher in obese women (1.8 (IQR: 1.4-2.4) mU/L) when compared to normal weight (1.6 (IQR: 1.2-2.2) mU/L) and overweight (median: 1.6 (IQR: 1.2-2.2) mU/L) ones (P < 0.001). BMI was significantly related with the risk of having a TSH level ≥4 mU/L at logistic regression, independently from non-thyroid autoimmunity, smoking or familiar predisposition for thyroid diseases (OR: 1.125, 95% CI: 1.080-1.172, P < 0.001). A restricted cubic splines regression showed a non-linear relationship between BMI and TSH. Women with a TSH ≥4 mU/L had a higher UtA-PI, independently from BMI. Overweight/obesity is significantly related with TSH serum levels in AbTPO-negative pregnant women, independently from the other risk factors for hypothyroidism during pregnancy. The increase of TSH levels could be clinically relevant, as suggested by its association with abnormal UtA-PI, a surrogate marker of abnormal placentation.

Evaluation of Vitamin D3 in Thyroid Disorder Iraqi Women (Hypothyroidism with and without Metabolic Syndrome)

This study was designed to evaluate vitamin D3 and metabolic hormones in hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome and hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome. Sixty patients with hypothyroidism were divided into three groups, 30 with hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome, 30 with hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome, and 30 with healthy controls compared with the patients. There was a significant increase in tetraiodothyronine, free thyronine and a very significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone in women with hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome compared to women with hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and vitamin D3 in women with hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome compared to women with hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome. It can be concluded that a deficiency in the vitamin D level in the body negatively affects the various functions of the immune system, which increases the likelihood of developing severe immune diseases attacking the thyroid gland in diabetic women with metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Metabolic Syndrome, Vitamin D3, Insulin Resistance

Effect of Reproductive Status and Body Mass Index on Serum Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Women in Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Effect of Reproductive Status and Body Mass Index on Serum Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Women in Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Activities of Serum Magnesium and Thyroid Hormones in Pre-, Peri-, and Post-menopausal Women.

Introduction: Females go through a complex hormonal variation once they reach menarche. The menstrual cycle repeats every month regularly and is dependent on the normal functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian hormones. The overall wellness of the females during the menstrual cycle depends greatly on nutritional status. It is common that women develop menstrual cycle-related symptoms and are routinely prone to thyroid dysfunction. The present study is carried out to assess the activities of Mg and thyroid hormones in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women.Methods: A total of 165 women were recruited in the study after satisfying the inclusion criteria. An equal number of age-matched subjects were included as controls. All the subjects included in the study were selected from the patients attending various out-patient departments of the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. Blood samples from each subject were collected and analyzed by a semi-automated analyzer for the activities of Mg, and thyroid hormones tetra-iodothyronine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the serum Mg activities and the thyroid hormones between the study subjects and the control group. The activities of the serum Mg (1.72±0.33) in relation to the TSH (5.09±7.54) in the cases were found statistically significant (p <0.001) when compared to the serum Mg (1.8±0.20) in relation to the TSH in the control group (2.41±2.05). The activities of Mg were noted to fall in women through the peri (1.70±0.43), and postmenopausal age (1.60±0.34). There was a significant increase in the activities of TSH in women of premenopause (4.27±5.76), perimenopause (5.65±8.53), and postmenopausal age (7.19±11.07). Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the women reaching menopause could suffer from hypomagnesemia and inturn may develop thyroid and other hormonal disorders.

Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Serum TSH in Women with Anti-TPO Positive Sub-clinical Hypothyroidism

Introduction: The coexistence of Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) and vitamin D deficiency is a common problem and may lead to various clinical disorders. Several genetic studies have shown an association between gene polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor and of 1a hydroxylase with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Aim: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 replacement on Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and anti-TPO levels in women with SCH. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 58 Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism vitamin D deficient women. Patients were treated with 50,000 unit/week vitamin D3 capsule for eight weeks and TSH, Free thyroxine (FT4) and anti-TPO levels were measured before and after drug administration, using an electrochemiluminescence system. Results: The mean age of the population was 38.02±12.68 years. Vitamin D3 replacement caused serum 25(OH) D3 level correction in SCH patients (p<0.001). Additionally, a significant decrease in anti-TPO and TSH levels were also observed in anti-TPO positive patients (n=29) (p=0.002 and p=0.02, respectively). No significant differences in anti-TPO and TSH levels were seen in anti-TPO negative group (p=0.507 and p=0.447, respectively). Conclusion: The study showed that vitamin D3 replacement may be considered as an effective therapy to reduce TSH and anti-TPO levels in vitamin D deficient SCH patients.

Диференційно-діаґностичні особливості метаболічного синдрому з ожирінням при наявності та відсутності хронічної ішемічної хвороби серця з врахуванням статі

Aim.&nbsp;The differences between metabolic syndrome (MS) with obesity with or without comorbid pathology (chronic coronary artery disease i.e. CAD) were explicated in the research. Material and Methods.&nbsp;126 patients with MS were examined. MS without chronic CAD was diagnosed in 82 patients and MS with chronic CAD was diagnosed in 44 patients. Levels of lipid spectrum, cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxinе (fT4), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), and glucose were determined in all patients. Ultrasonography of the heart was taken into account. Results and Discussion.&nbsp;Increased levels of cortisol, TSH and prolactin (only in women) were observed in patients with MS without chronic CAD. Normal levels of cortisol and prolactin were observed in the patients with MS and chronic CAD simultaneously with increase of TSH levels in men and women the fT4 level was within normal limits. Changes in given parameters were accompanied by increase in total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL CH) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL CH) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL CH) in patients with MS and chronic CAD regardless of gender, whereas only TG and VLDL CH were increased in patients with MS with obesity without chronic CAD. Interventricular septal thickness(IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular end-diastolic size (LVEDS) as well as left atrium anteroposterior dimension (LA) increased in men and women with comorbid pathology, whereas only IVST and LA were increased in MS. Increased prolactin and TSH in women in contrast to men in MS with obesity have been established. High levels of TSH were recorded in the presence of combined pathology regardless of gender.&nbsp; Conclusion.&nbsp;Thus, diagnostic features of MS with obesity without chronic CAD are characterized by hormonal abnormalities in women, in contrast to men, whereas endocrine changes are not gender-specific in the presence of comorbid pathology.

Association of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone with Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a major cause of female infertility which is thought to be associated with Insulin Resistance (IR). However the nature and degree of IR have been shown to vary in different populations. PCOS women have also been reported to have increased prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism which has been postulated to be determinants of IR. The natures of thyroid involvement have also been shown to vary between populations.Objectives: The study was undertaken to explore the distribution of IR and thyroid dysfunction as assessed by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels among PCOS subjects and also to investigate the association of IR with TSH in women with PCOS.Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty one PCOS patients (age in years 24±5; M±SD) were studied. PCOS was diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria. Fasting serum C-peptide was measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbide Essay (ELISA) and serum TSH was measured by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA). Serum glucose was estimated by Glucose-Oxidase method (GOD-PAP). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by using Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA).Results: The mean serum C-peptide (nmol/l) and HOMA%S were 0.67 (±0.35) and 85 (±42) respectively. The median (Range) serum TSH level (?lU/ml) of the study subjects was found to be 2.49 (0.66 to 20.86). Insulin sensitivity was found to be 26%, 47%, 17% and 10% in those who had HOMA%S level at the range of &lt;50, 50-100, 101-150 and &gt;150 respectively. Of the total PCOS subjects, 85% had normal level of TSH value whereas only 15% PCOS subjects had subclinical hypothyroidism. The median serum TSH level of the insulin resistance and non-resistance groups were 2.25 (0.89-5.71) and 2.58 (0.74-20.86) respectively. On Pearson's correlation analysis insulin sensitivity was not found to be any significant association with TSH in the PCOS subjects.Conclusion: The study revealed that there was no significant association with IR and TSH in the PCOS subjects.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 69-73

Detection and analysis of thyroid-stimulating hormone in women under planned pregnancy in Chongqing

Objective To screen thyroid function among planned pregnant women in Chongqing, to guide prenatal and postnatal care. Methods Proportional multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to enroll 11 953 planned pregnant women for questionnaire, physical examination, and serum samples collection. Results The median TSH was 2.04 mIU/L, P25=1.36 mIU/L, P75=2.99 mIU/L. TSH levels being normal, higher, and lower than the reference were 91.47%, 6.20%, and 2.33%, respectively. In Northeast Chongqing, the proportions of median TSH level and TSH level above the upper limit were higher than those in other regions(P<0.05). With improved education, proportions of TSH above the upper limit and below the lower limit declined(P<0.05). With the increase in body mass index, the proportion of those whose TSH was above the upper limit showed elevated trend(P<0.05). In women with history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, their median TSH was higher than that in the control group, and those, whose TSH level exceeded the upper limit, yield higher results than those in the control group(P<0.05). In women with higher fasting blood glucose The median TSH level was lower than that in normal blood glucose group(P<0.05), with the fasting plasma glucose concentration and TSH negatively correlated(P<0.05). Conclusion The abnormal rate of TSH level in planned pregnant women was 8.53% in Chongqing. The abnormal rate varies by different regions, education levels, body mass indexes, and blood glucose levels. Previous history of adverse pregnancy outcomes was related to elevated TSH levels. It is necessary to take pre-pregnancy thyroid function screening investigation. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 31: 510-514) Key words: Planned pregnancy; Thyroid stimulating hormone; Screening

The erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume is associated with serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone in women

The erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume is associated with serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone in women