Activities of Serum Magnesium and Thyroid Hormones in Pre-, Peri-, and Post-menopausal Women.

Bhagavan Reddy Kolanu,Sabitha Vadakedath,Venugopal Boddula,Venkataramana Kandi

doi:10.7759/cureus.6554

Abstract

Introduction: Females go through a complex hormonal variation once they reach menarche. The menstrual cycle repeats every month regularly and is dependent on the normal functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian hormones. The overall wellness of the females during the menstrual cycle depends greatly on nutritional status. It is common that women develop menstrual cycle-related symptoms and are routinely prone to thyroid dysfunction. The present study is carried out to assess the activities of Mg and thyroid hormones in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women.Methods: A total of 165 women were recruited in the study after satisfying the inclusion criteria. An equal number of age-matched subjects were included as controls. All the subjects included in the study were selected from the patients attending various out-patient departments of the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. Blood samples from each subject were collected and analyzed by a semi-automated analyzer for the activities of Mg, and thyroid hormones tetra-iodothyronine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the serum Mg activities and the thyroid hormones between the study subjects and the control group. The activities of the serum Mg (1.72±0.33) in relation to the TSH (5.09±7.54) in the cases were found statistically significant (p <0.001) when compared to the serum Mg (1.8±0.20) in relation to the TSH in the control group (2.41±2.05). The activities of Mg were noted to fall in women through the peri (1.70±0.43), and postmenopausal age (1.60±0.34). There was a significant increase in the activities of TSH in women of premenopause (4.27±5.76), perimenopause (5.65±8.53), and postmenopausal age (7.19±11.07). Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the women reaching menopause could suffer from hypomagnesemia and inturn may develop thyroid and other hormonal disorders.

Highlights

Females go through a complex hormonal variation once they reach menarche
There was a significant rise in the activities of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the post-menopausal women (7.19 ± 11.07) as compared to those who were under 29 years (4.27 ± 5.76)
This study demonstrated that there was a decrease in the activities of serum Mg in women through the periand post-menopausal age

Summary

Introduction

Females go through a complex hormonal variation once they reach menarche. The menstrual cycle repeats every month regularly and is dependent on the normal functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian hormones. It is common that women develop menstrual cycle-related symptoms and are routinely prone to thyroid dysfunction. Women undergo several physiological and biological changes with the onset of menarche. They experience mild to severe symptoms during the menstrual cycle which includes headache, myalgia, muscle cramps, intestinal irritability, sleep disturbances, and mood swings. Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and calorigenesis. The calorigenic control by the thyroid gland is attributed to enhanced mitochondrial metabolism [3]. This causes stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby influencing the magnesium (Mg) to regulate the thyroid hormone functions. The role of Mg in thyroid hormone synthesis could be indirect, i.e., it acts at the iodide uptake step and the deiodination step during the thyroid hormone synthesis [4]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion