Thyroid Cancer Group Research Articles

Analysis of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in infertile women with a history of thyroid cancer: a retrospective study

BackgroundRecent studies have revealed that women with infertility have a higher risk of thyroid cancer (TC) than fertile women. However, studies on whether a history of thyroid cancer affects clinical outcomes in women who conceive using in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) are scarce. We investigate whether a history of thyroid cancer (TC) affects the in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes and increases the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes in women with infertility.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 384 women with infertility who underwent their first IVF/ICSI treatment at the Peking University Third Hospital between 2010 and 2019. Participants were divided into the TC (64 women with TC history) and control (320 women matched from 85,272 women without thyroid diseases) groups. Controls were individually matched to the TC group according to age, body mass index, concomitant infertility factors, first IVF/ICSI dates, and controlled ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer procedure protocols. IVF/ICSI outcomes, including the numbers of retrieved oocytes and high-grade embryos, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, preterm delivery, and live birth rates, and adverse obstetric outcome risk were assessed.ResultsThe TC group had significantly higher thyroid hormone and lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels than the control group. Despite similar gonadotropin treatment dosage, the TC group had a significantly lower numbers of retrieved oocytes and high-grade embryos than the control group. The occurrence rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, preterm delivery, live births, and adverse obstetric outcomes, including multiple gestation, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, low birth weight, and large-for-gestational-age infants, were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsTC history did not affect the pregnancy outcomes or increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes after the first IVF/ICSI, but it may decrease the number of retrieved oocytes and high-grade embryos.

Clinicopathological Features of Patients Diagnosed with Both Primary Thyroid Cancer and Primary Renal Cell Cancer and Its Comparison with Patients with Thyroid Cancer or Renal Cell Cancer Alone

Background and Objectives: Thyroid cancer (TC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) display more frequent co-occurrence than would be expected by chance. We investigated clinicopathological features of patients with both primary TC and primary RCC (TC/RCC) group to facilitate a greater understanding of the relationship between two cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients who diagnosed with TC/RCC were enrolled. 13,663 TC-alone and 3279 RCC-alone patients who had undergone surgery at Samsung Medical Center between 1994 and 2014 were included as control groups. The clinicopathological characteristics of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The median age at the time of TC or RCC diagnosis was 54 years in TC/RCC group and the RCC-alone group, while the patients in TC-alone group were significantly younger (47 years). The TC/RCC group showed a nearly equal sex prevalence (49% male), significantly different than the results of the TC-alone group (80% female) and RCC-alone group (71% male). A higher grade of pathologic stage (56.6% in stage 3) and greater number of patients with multifocality of thyroid tumors (45 vs. 32%), and more family history of cancer (32 vs. 0.4%) were revealed in TC/RCC group than in TC-alone group. In addition, 15.1% of patients in TC/RCC group presented with additional primary cancers such as prostate, colon, stomach, breast, and lung cancers. Conclusion: Patients in the TC/RCC group have a high rate of cancer family history, multifocality of thyroid tumors, and additional cancers. To understand this unique subset group, additional studies for environmental and genetic factors would be helpful for earlier diagnosis of combined cancers.

Research on Clinical, Subclinical Characteristic of Incidental Thyroid Nodules

Background: Incidental thyroid nodules has become more prevalent in recent years due to applying diagnostic imaging tests. Many studies show that the rate of thyroid cancer in this group of patients is relatively high. Objective: To assess patients with incidentally detected thyroid nodules, including those who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, which involved 208 patients with 389 thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound. All patients have thyroid function tests. 272 nodules were performed fine-needle aspiration. Patients with thyroid cancer were assessed histopathology after removal. Results: The participants’ mean age was 47.22 ± 12.02. The female / male ratio is 6.7/1. No patients had history of head and neck irradiation or living in epidemiological areas with high prevalence of goiter. TSH level: 96.2% normal, 2.4% low, 1.4% high. In thyroid cancer group: 100% of patients had normal thyroid function. Nodule characteristics on ultrasound: Majority of thyroid nodules had diameters less than 1.5 cm (85.6%), multi-nodularity(52.9%). The largest carcinoma nodule was 2.35 cm, 22.2% of patients with thyroid cancer had ≥ 3 nodules. The malignancy rate of TIRADS 5 was 70.6%. FNA results of 272 thyroid nodules: the majority were Bethesda II (74,2%); the incidence of carcinoma (Bethesda V, VI) is 17.4%. 36 patients account for 17,3%, with 42 nodules were performed surgery, the results of histopathology were 100% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was consistent with cytological results. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules are common in women patients at the age of 31-60 with normal thyroid function. Most of them are <1.5 cm in size. There are 17.3% of patients were thyroid carcinoma.

Metabolic Factors Can Influence the Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer, along with a parallel increase in obesity and metabolic disorders, suggests that modifications of lifestyle and environmental factors might explain the rise in thyroid cancer incidence (1). Objective: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and their elements and their possible association with the risk of thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 200 patients, who underwent total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter (Bethesda II-V categories on the basis of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytological examination). We included subjects with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the ones with poorly differentiated, anaplastic, medullary thyroid carcinomas and secondary tumors were excluded from the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the post-surgical histological diagnosis: 60 patients diagnosed with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer and 60 diagnosed with benign thyroid disease. The patients had a mean age of 56.9 years old and the majority were females (90%). Relative risk of incident thyroid cancer was assessed by preoperative levels of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (according to the NCEP ATP III definition). The two groups had similar age, gender distribution, smoking habit. Mean BMI was slightly higher in the group with patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and the majority were obese (27.41 ± 5.38 kg/m2versus 26.42 ± 5.18 kg/m2). The patients from the differentiated thyroid cancer group showed a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose compared to the second group (20% versus 13%), with mean fasting blood sugar levels of 97 ± 2.69 mg/dl in the first group versus 73 ± 3.06 mg/dl in the second group. 30% of the patients from the differentiated thyroid cancer group presented criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was a positive correlation between the presence of hypertension and the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed a potential association between metabolic risk factors and the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. Besides the improvement of diagnosis, thyroid cancer increasing incidence is probably due to environmental factors and lifestyle modifications. As a future perspective of this study and based on the hypothesis of glucose dependency of many tumor types, another therapeutic strategy can involve diet (low-carbohydrate, high-fat) in order to target metabolism in tumors and alter the Walburg phenothype. Reference: (1). Mele, C., Samà, M. et al. (2019). Circulating adipokines and metabolic setting in differentiated thyroid cancer, Endocrine Connections, 8(7), 997-1006.

Analyses of the Association between Thyroid Cancer and Osteoporosis/Fracture Histories: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HEXA Data.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association among thyroid cancer, osteoporosis and fracture history. (2) Methods: The data collected from 2004 through 2016 for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were retrieved. For a total of 1349 participants with thyroid cancer and 163,629 control participants, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of osteoporosis and fracture history were evaluated using a logistic regression model. (3) Results: The adjusted ORs of osteoporosis comparing thyroid cancer with the control group were 1.41 (95% CI = 1.18–1.70, p < 0.001) for all participants and 1.43 (95% CI = 1.19–1.71, p < 0.001) for women. The adjusted ORs of fracture history comparing these two groups were not significantly associated within the entire group of participants, men only or women only. (4) Conclusions: The adjusted OR of osteoporosis was significantly higher than 1, comparing thyroid cancer with the control group, especially in women. The adjusted OR of fractures was not significantly higher than 1, comparing the thyroid cancer group with the control group.

Evaluation of the relationship between previous statin use and thyroid cancer using Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data

The association of thyroid cancer with statin use is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of previous statin use with thyroid cancer in the ≥ 40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The 5501 patients in the thyroid cancer group were matched with the 22,004 patients in the non-thyroid cancer group for age, sex, income, and region of residence. Previous statin use during the 2 years before the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was examined. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted. The thyroid cancer group showed more days of previous statin use than the non-thyroid cancer group (72.3, standard deviation [SD] = 181.2 days vs. 64.3, SD = 174.4 days, P = 0.003). Although the odds of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were high in the crude model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, P = 0.002), they were low in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.95, P = 0.001). According to age and sex subgroups, the younger (< 60 years old) male group showed lower odds for thyroid cancer according to previous statin use (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.88, P = 0.003), but this finding was not observed in other subgroups of older men or in any groups of women. Thyroid cancer was negatively associated with statin use in the previous 2 years in the adjusted model.

Design Of Primer And Probe To Detect SNP Rs 1892901 In Fosl-1Gene In Different Types Of Cancer In Iraqi Population

It has been shown that the etiology of thyroid, breast and prostate cancer is associated with hereditary and some environmental factors that cause damage to DNA. Protein coding genes are responsible for the development of protein and thus have been reported to be good candidate susceptibility genes for thyroid, breast and prostate cancer. (FOSL1) proteins have important functions in the growth, including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation. There have been studies of elevated levels of FOSL1 in cancers. However, the available methods for measuring FOSL1 levels are direct and quantitative using Poly Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in real time. In the present study, whole blood was isolated from 100 individuals distributed into four groups as follows: Group 1 included: 25 samples from thyroid cancer patients; Group 2: 25 samples from breast cancer patients; Group 3: 25 samples from prostate cancer and Group 4:25 samples from apparently healthy individuals. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of FOSL_1in the peripheral blood was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The expression of FOSL_1 mRNA in the fold of gene expression in prostatic cancer group was 4 time higher than that of healthy group. That for the breast cancer group was 3 times higher than the healthy group and the thyroid cancer group was 3 times higher than the healthy group., respectively, Using GAPDH as Housekeeping Gene. In conclusion, there is an important link between blood and tumor tissue expression of FOSL1 gene. in thyroid, breast and prostate cancer, could allow the introduction in clinical practice of a simple test that would measure mRNA levels of DNA protein coding genes in peripheral blood samples instead of tissue samples; thus justifying its use as a prognostic and predictive factors in thyroid, breast and prostate cancer patients.

INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS IN THE SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER

The aim is to study the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) in the blood serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, depending on the main clinical and morphological features of the disease. Materials and methods: The material was the information about 60 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (group 1). In group 2 there were 10 patients without oncopathology. All patients underwent clinical examination after total thyroidectomy before special treatment (radioiodine therapy): ultrasound diagnosis of the neck, confirmed diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer by morphological examination of operative material. All patients underwent anthropometric studies (height, weight), on the basis of which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The study program also included determination of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), antibodies to thyroglobulin (AB-TG). It was also determined the serum glucose level. In order to assess insulin resistance, the HOMA-IR index was calculated. All patients were tested for serum IGF-1 and IGF-2. Results: In the blood serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer in 63% of patients the level of IGF-1 and in 85% – IGF-2 was probably higher than in the control group. There is a relationship between the level of IGF-1, IGF-2 and elevated level of proliferating factor – insulin in the serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This may indicate an aggressive potential of the disease (i.e. clinical data on the prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer coincide with laboratory data). There was found a relationship between the expression of IGF-1, IGF-2 and insulin: at elevated levels of insulin&gt; 24.9 μIU/ml, IGF-1 increases 4.2 times, and IGF-2 – 2.5 times. Evaluation of the relationship between the level of IGF-1 and IGF-2 and cervical lymph node involvement shows that in the absence of lesion (N0) there is an increase in these indicators by 2.2 and 1.8 times, respectively. Conclusions: The signaling system of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. It is especially true for papillary thyroid cancer, so its components can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of the disease and targets for anticancer therapy.

Effect of breast cancer as the first or second primary cancer on the prognosis of women with thyroid cancer: a SEER database analysis.

BackgroundAlthough many studies have evaluated the association between breast cancer (BC) and thyroid cancer (TC), this association has not been completely studied. In this study, we focused on the effect of BC as the first or second primary cancer on survival among women with TC. We present the following article in accordance with the STROBE reporting checklist.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 134,785 women with BC and TC between 1974 and 2016. The patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, TC only (TC group, n=128,888), BC after TC (TC2BC group, n=3,000), and BC before TC (BC2TC group, n=2,897). The curves for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated, and Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of BC as the first and second primary cancer on the CSS and OS of TC patients.ResultsThe CSS rates in the TC, TC2BC, and BC2TC groups were 96.96%, 98.70%, and 96.70%, respectively, and the OS rates were 91.17%, 77.13%, and 78.63%, respectively. Using the TC group as a reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the CSS of the TC2BC and BC2TC groups were 0.333 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.243–0.456, P<0.001] and 1.299 (95% CI: 1.062–1.589, P=0.011), respectively. The corresponding HRs for the OS were 1.544 (95% CI: 1.428–1.668, P<0.001) and 3.429 (95% CI: 3.158–3.724, P<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsAmong the female patients with TC, BC, as the second primary cancer, has a significant protective effect on the CSS of TC patients; however, when BC is the first primary cancer, it is a risk factor. Besides, BC is a risk factor for the OS of TC patients, especially for patients who develop TC after BC.

Diagnostic value of circulating cell-free mtDNA in patients with suspected thyroid cancer: ND4/ND1 ratio as a new potential plasma marker

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence continues to rise. For clinicians with cancer patients, choosing and interpreting diagnostic laboratory studies has become increasingly important. Previously, changes in plasma free mitochondrial DNA levels have been found in colorectal, breast, lung, and urinary cancers, and have demonstrated diagnostic value. In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer might be predicted using mtDNA copy number (ND1), mtDNA integrity (ND4/ND1) and levels of cell-free nDNA (GAPDH). We analyzed ND1, ND4, and GAPDH levels in plasma and blood cells from 75 patients with thyroid cancer, 40 patients with nodular goiter, and 107 normal controls using real-time PCR. Although both the thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer patients had significantly increased ND1 levels, the ND4/ND1 ratio in the thyroid cancer group was higher than the thyroid nodule group (P < 0.05), and significantly higher than the normal control group (P < 0.01). Plasma levels of nuclear DNA (GAPDH) in the thyroid cancer group were also higher compared to normal (P < 0.05). These results indicate that increased intactness of plasma free mtDNA is associated with increased levels of plasma cell-free nDNA, and that the ND4/ND1 ratio has the potential to be a new detection indicator in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, we classified thyroid cancer patients according to clinical data including age, tumor size, and metastasis. We found significantly higher levels of GAPDH in malignant tissues. Because ND4/ND1 correlated with plasma GAPDH in the plasma studies, this also suggests a potential relationship between ND4 intactness and thyroid tumor tissue size. Taken together, our findings suggest a tumor-specific process involving increased release of intact mtDNA, detectable in the plasma, which differentiates normal patients from patients with thyroid cancer.

Long-term all-cause mortality and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in thyroid cancer survivors: an Israeli population-based study

BackgroundThe global incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has risen considerably during the last three decades, while prognosis is generally favorable. We assessed the long-term all-cause mortality in TC survivors compared to the general population, and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsIndividuals diagnosed with TC during 2001–2014 (TC group) and age- and sex-matched individuals from the same Israeli healthcare system without thyroid disease or a cancer history (non-TC group) were compared. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality were calculated by exposure status.ResultsDuring a 15-year follow-up (median 8 years), 577 TC survivors out of 5677 (10.2%) TC patients and 1235 individuals out of 23,962 (5.2%) non-TC patients died. The TC survivors had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.71–2.10), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors already present at follow-up initiation. This increased risk was most pronounced in the 55- to 64-year-old age group (HR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.33–1.67). The TC survivors who died by study closure had more hypertension (14.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.002), more dyslipidemia (11.4% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001), and more cardiovascular disease (33.6% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.05) compared to those who died in the non-TC group.ConclusionsThis large cohort study showed higher all-cause mortality with a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease among TC survivors compared to matched non-TC individuals. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in TC survivors is mandatory.

Association between Family Histories of Thyroid Cancer and Thyroid Cancer Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data.

This study assessed the association between thyroid cancer and family history. This cross-sectional study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2013. Among 211,708 participants, 988 were in the thyroid cancer group and 199,588 were in the control group. Trained interviewers questioned the participants to obtain their thyroid cancer history and age at onset. The participants were examined according to their age, sex, monthly household income, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and past medical history. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the family histories of fathers, mothers, and siblings were 6.59 (2.05–21.21), 4.76 (2.59–8.74), and 9.53 (6.92–13.11), respectively, and were significant. The results for the subgroup analyses according to sex were consistent. The rate of family histories of thyroid cancer for fathers and siblings were not different according to the thyroid cancer onset, while that of mothers were higher in participants with a younger age at onset (<50 years old group, 11/523 [2.1%], p = 0.007). This study demonstrated that thyroid cancer incidence was associated with thyroid cancer family history. This supports regular examination of individuals with a family history of thyroid cancer to prevent disease progression and ensure early management.

Potential role of iodine excess in papillary thyroid cancer and benign thyroid tumor: A case-control study.

The relationship between nutritional status of iodine and thyroid tumor is unclear. We investigated the association between urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function in patients with papillary thyroid cancer, benign thyroid tumor and healthy individuals. We compared the biomarkers of thyroid function and urinary iodine concentration within and between each group. A regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer. Correlation analysis was performed to determine whether any significant correlation exists between urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function biomarkers. The iodine nutrition statuses of these three groups were adequate (median urinary iodine concentration= 100-199 μg/L). However, the median urinary iodine concentration of papillary thyroid cancer (174.7 μg/L) and benign thyroid tumor (165.04 μg/L) groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (135.8 μg/L) (p<0.05). The regression analysis showed that thyroglobulin antibody was an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer. After adjusting for age and gender, the association between thyroglobulin antibody and urinary iodine concentration was significant (β: 0.002; p<0.05). In subgroup analyses, significant correlations was noted only in the papillary thyroid cancer group (adjusted β: 0.002; 95% confidence interval: 0.000- 0.003). Excessive iodine in patients with thyroid tumors may affect thyroglobulin antibody, which may be an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer.

Ultrasound diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with first diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer and in patients previously treated surgically and admitted for radioactive iodine therapy

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the potentialities of ultrasound method in diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with first diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer (group 1) and in patients previously treated surgically at different clinics of the Russian Federation and subsequently admitted to the A.F.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center to receive radioactive iodine therapy (group 2).Patients and methods. Patients with PTC were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 649 patients with first diagnosed PTC. All the patients underwent thyroidectomy and level VI lymph node neck dissection at the clinic of the A.F.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center. Of these patients, 92 patients underwent cervical lymph node dissection including levelsII–III–IV and 9 patients underwent cervical lymph node dissection including level VB. Group 2 consisted of 2875 patients who had previously received surgery at different clinics of the Russian Federation. Subsequently, they were admitted to our institution to receive radioactive iodine therapy. In 291 of these patients, cervical lymph node metastases were found and reoperations were performed: in 89 cases at level VI, in 170 cases at levels II–III–IV and in 32 cases at level VB. The detected metastases were verified histologically.Results. Histology confirmed the presence of nodal metastasis in 57.6% of 649 patients in group 1, and in 10.1% of 241 patients in group 2. In group 1, the incidence of metastatic disease in level VI nodes was 73% and in group 2, it was 30.6%. Metastases in levels II–III–IV were noted in 24.6% of patients in group 1, and in 58.4% of patients in group 2. Level VB metastasis was found in 2.4% of patients in group 1, and in 11% of patients in group 2. Multiple metastases were detected in 75.4% of patients in group 1, and in 20.3% of patients in group 2.Conclusion. Central lymph node metastasis was observed in 73% of patients who were first diagnosed with PTC and treated with thyroidectomy and prophylactic level VI cervical lymph node dissection. In group 2, solitary metastases to lateral lymph nodes occurred more frequently after surgical treatment for PTC, which suggested that the primary treatment was insufficiently radical.

Prognostic value of somatic mutation testing and different methods of treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer

Background: Using molecular testing for prediction the course of the disease could possibly help doctors in making therapeutic decisions about the management of patients, because it remains controversial issues in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The experts opinions are different on the volume of treatment of these patients: the adequacy of hemitireoidectomy, the need to remove the lymph nodes of the central zone (level VI) and the need for radioiodine therapy.&#x0D; Aims: to evaluate the frequency of recurrences in different complex treatment options of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer; to evaluate the frequency of somatic mutations in the hot spots of BRAF, KRAS, KRAS, EIF1AX and TERT genes in histological material and to evaluate their prognostic value.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, cohort, sample, single-center, open-label, controlled, nonrandomized clinical trial was performed, which included patients with the thyroid neoplasms, recruited in the period from 2012 to 2014. Samples of histological material were tested for the presence of somatic mutations in hot spots of the genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and EIF1AX. After the treatment, the low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients group were observed for 4368 months.&#x0D; Results: The study included 90 patients with low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer. Mutations in the hot spots of the BRAF gene (exon 15, codon area 600-601) were found in 53 patients, mutations in the hot spots of the NRAS gene (exon 3, codon 61) in 3 patients; mutations in the hot spots of the KRAS, TERT and EIF1AX genes were not detected. The median follow-up in the well differentiated thyroid cancer group was 56 months. Recurrence diagnosed in 12 patients (13.3%), significant differences in the frequency of recurrence depending on the surgical treatment option was not revealed, significant differences in the frequency of recurrence between the groups BRAF+/BRAF was not revealed.&#x0D; Conclusions: Low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer patients have characterized a very favorable the course of disease and prognosis, even in the case of recurrence. In this study, complex treatment has not shown significant advantages over thyroidectomy in treating patients with thyroid microcarcinomas. Mutation testing of histological material in hot spots of genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX and TERT cant be used as an additional marker in low-risk well differentiated thyroid cancer patients to predict the course of the disease, although the lack of detection of aggressive genes of the disease may indicate a favorable prognosis in these patients.

Analysis of clinicopathological features of patients with simple breast cancer and breast cancer with thyroid cancer

Objective: To investigate the relationship between breast cancer and thyroid cancer. Methods: A cohort of 747 female patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ invasive breast cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study. The differences of clinical and pathological data were compared between the simple breast cancer group (723 cases) and the breast cancer with thyroid cancer group (24 cases), to analyze the relevant factors of second primary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer. Results: There were significant differences in the menstrual status and estrogen receptor (ER) status between the group of patients with breast cancer only and breast cancer patients with secondary primary thyroid cancer (P<0.05). Breast cancer patients with secondary primary thyroid cancer were more likely to be premenopausal (75%) and ER-positive (83.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patient's menstrual status (compared with premenopausal patients, peri-menopausal odds ratio=0.53, 95% CI 0.07-4.25; post-menopausal odds ration=0.23, 95%CI 0.08-0.65) and body mass index (BMI, odds ratio=1.14, 95%CI 1.02-1.28) were independent risk factors for secondary primary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is associated with breast cancer, and is more likely to occur in obesity patients and premenopausal patients.

Comparative analysis of the serum proteome profiles of thyroid cancer: An initial focus on the lipid profile.

The serum lipid profile and clinical outcomes of cancer patients are commonly correlated in a wide range of carcinomas. However, few studies have investigated the serum lipid profile of patients with thyroid cancer (TC). The present study therefore aimed to analyze the lipid profiles of patients with TC. The serum proteomes of 31 participants with stage I-IV TC were screened using Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus. Analytical data collected between November 1, 2013 and November 11, 2018 from the laboratory information system included the total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels that were used to validate the screening results. A total of 3875 outpatients were enrolled in this study. A number of 17 differentially expressed proteins were identified. An Ingenuity pathway analysis identified activation of the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, which is a crucial pathway involved in lipid metabolism. The results demonstrated that the total CHO levels were significantly different between patients with TC and control groups, both in men and women. In women, the levels of TG, HDL-C, Apo A1 and LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly different between patients with TC and control groups (all P<0.05). Higher concentrations of TG and LDL-C/HDL-C were observed in the cancer group compared with the control group. However, lower levels of Apo A1 and HDL-C were observed in women from the cancer group compared with the control group. The results from the present study revealed the presence of a disordered lipid profile in patients with TC. The molecular mechanism underlying the association between lipid metabolism and cancer requires further investigation and may be used to develop novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.

Petrov Thyroid Cancer Score (PTCS): evaluation of practical significance on the basis of postsurgical morphological analysis

The study objective is to evaluate the results of using the Petrov Thyroid Cancer Score (PTCS) in 2018 and assess the diagnostic value of the original PTCS and modified PTCS. Materials and methods. PTCS, proposed in the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology in early 2018, was tested in this institution in 310 patients, 99 of whom underwent surgery, mainly due to suspected malignancy of thyroid nodules or at the request of patients. Results. According to the standard histological evaluation, in 35 cases the process was considered benign (group Д ), while in 61 cases — after exclusion of 3 medullary carcinomas — regarded as highly differentiated (according to previous classification) thyroid cancer (group Р ). The average values of such components of PCTS as BethesdaScore, TI-RADSScore, ElastoScore and body mass index (BMI) in group Р were significantly higher than in group Д . The sum of the scores of the used four parameters was not only higher in group Р , but also at a magnitude of ≥ 5.0 (62.3 % of observations in this group) it always corresponded to the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. At the same time, a similar histological conclusion was made, in particular, in respect of 14 patients (23 % of the group Р contingent) with the value of the mentioned sum &lt;3.5. Of note, according to the preoperative cytological study, among these 14 cases 11 follicular neoplasms and 3 colloid nodules were found. Conclusion. A high value ( ≥ 5.0) of the sum of four selected parameters (3 from PTCS + BMI_Score) indicates an extremely high probability of detecting a tumor process, while in other cases (and not only under the assumption of follicular neoplasia presence), an additional diagnostic methods of research are needed.

Cognitive functioning in thyroid cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Some thyroid cancer (TC) survivors experience cognitive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis comparing cognitive performance in TC survivors to controls. We performed a seven-database electronic search and hand-search. We performed duplicate independent reviews and data abstraction. Random effects meta-analyses reported standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where a negative value implies worse performance in the TC group. We reviewed 1174 unique citations and 10 full-text papers. We included seven studies of 241 treated TC survivors and 273 controls. Cognitive function was statistically significantly worse in TC survivors in the following domains: Attention and Concentration (Digit Span Forwards) SMD - 0.37 (95% CI - 0.62, - 0.13, p = 0.003, four studies), Speed of Processing (Trail Making A) SMD - 0.36 (95% CI - 0.66, - 0.05, p = 0.022, four studies), and Language (Controlled Oral Word Association [COWAT]-Categories) SMD - 0.97 (95% - 1.31, - 0.64, p < 0.001, two studies). Executive Function results varied: COWAT-Letters SMD - 0.60 (95% CI - 0.94, - 0.27, p < 0.001, two studies), Digit Span Backwards SMD - 0.40 (95% CI - 0.64, - 0.15, p = 0.002, four studies), and Trail Making B test SMD - 0.20 (95% CI - 0.51, 0.10, p = 0.191, four studies). Statistical heterogeneity limited the COWAT-Categories and Digit Span Backwards meta-analyses. Cognitive function was worse in TC survivors in multiple domains. Limitations included few studies, potential confounding, and lack of prospective data. TC survivors may experience impairments in cognitive function and should report cognitive concerns to healthcare practitioners.

A Comparison of Hemogram Parameters of Patients with Thyroid Papillary Cancer and Nodular Goiter

To compare the haemogram parameters of patients with thyroid papillary cancer and nodular goiter.The retrospective comparative study was conducted at Van Training and Research Regional Hospital, Van, Turkey, and comprised data of patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2011 to 2015. The data was compared between patients with papillary thyroid cancer (group 1) and those with nodular hyperplasia (group 2) in terms of age, gender and thyroid stimulating hormone level as well as haemogram parameters, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis.Of the 90 patients, 53(59%) were in group 1 with papillary thyroid cancer and 37(%) in group 2 with nodular hyperplasia. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in group 1 (p=0.015). Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in group 1 patients with a diameter of 1cm or more (p<0.05). Within group 1, lymphocyte count was significantly high in patients with invasion (p<0.05). In correlation analysis, group 1 patients with a tumour diameter of 1cm or more showed a significant correlation in mean platelet volume, tumour multicentricity, lymphocyte count, vascular invasion, thyroglobulin, platelet distribution width, platelet number and tumour multicentricity (p<0.05).Only platelet-lymphocyte ratio could assist in distinguishing benign goiter from thyroid cancer. Also, mean platelet volume, lymphocyte count, and platelet distribution width appeared to be effective prognostic markers for papillary thyroid cancer.