Thrust Areas Research Articles

Prediction of effort required to design software for smart city applications

In present era smart cities are essential for further development. The fast growth in the urban population is a serious concern for city administration. It leads to various challenges while handling problems of resource crunch and managing them. Developments that relate to smart cities are helping the administration address these problems. Its initial effort prediction and its scalability are the main features for the completion of a successful smart-city project. The initiative depends on many factors that are inter-related. It is not possible to change or optimise certain kinds of aspects separately. The last-minute change in the schedule raises the project budget and time. In the early phases of the project, a realistic and concrete project plan needs a fair estimate of effort. This projected effort helps to monitor and handle the activities of application creation by the developer. Unfair allocation of efforts and resources between development activities, including software projects, contributes to the failure of smart city projects, too. Therefore, for smart city ventures, the secret to success is an accurate estimation of implementation activities at the earliest. Numerous approaches are available for effort prediction of software as well as hardware projects used to develop the smart city projects. Hence, the gap in the different methods available creates thrust areas for researchers to investigate and propose an effort prediction model for smart city-based projects. In this paper, a model has been formulated that takes into consideration a set of critical factors for a given IoT based application used to develop smart city in the subject, and it further provides estimation for the effort.

Nano Biosensors Containing Non-Carbon-Based Nanomaterials to Access Environmental Pollution Level

The world of sensing technology is expanding into new horizons owing to its exceptional selectivity and sensitivity-based applicability. This remarkable sensing progress has been positively influenced by the conjugation of biology, material sciences, and nanotechnology into an advanced sensing technology. The combination of biology with nanotechnology has allowed sensing technology to enable faster, cheaper, and more reliable evaluations and applications in various scientific domains. Thus, a new era in sensing has been developed into nano biosensing technology. Environmental monitoring, various processes assessment, contaminates detections, and complex environmental forensics are among the most promising applications of nanobiosensors and thus a thrust area of research. In this regard, the nanobiosensors containing non-carbon nanomaterials such as metals, metal oxides, their composites, non-metals other than carbon, and their conjugations, etc. have been flocking significant attention to remarkable potential in this thrust area of environmental science and research. Thus the present chapter highlights the role and importance of non-carbon-based nanobiosensors, their recent advancements, and the major factors that made the non-carbon-based nanobiosensors a preferential and successful choice in nano biosensing technologies. The chapter highlights the environmental applications of non-carbon-based nanobiosensors and the key future challenges associated with this technology.

Perception of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children by Envisaging Emotions from the Facial Images

Image processing is a rapidly growing technology and is one among the thrust areas of research in Medical Fields, various Engineering disciplines, life Sciences and Scientific applications. Many technical applications have already adopted image processing and it plays a key role in predicting unknown or hidden facts easily and efficiently. Facial image processing is an innovative application of image processing and is being widely used in many applications successfully. Some of the applications are used for person identification, identifying authorized persons, identifying criminals and so on. As we all know that person’s emotion shows personality & behavior, moods where he or she expresses feelings by emotions maximum on face only. Facial expression can also be used in various fields like emotion recognition, market analysis, prediction neurological disorder percentage, psychological problems and so on. So, it has become an emerging research area to study. Neurological disorder is a more complicated disease because it affects both physical body and mental body. In this paper a new methodology is proposed using optimized deep learning methods to predict ASD in children of age 1 to 10 years. Proposed model performance is tested on ASD children and normal children facial image dataset collected from Kaggle datasets and also tested on dataset collected from autism parents’ face book group. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is applied on extracted face landmarks using optimization techniques, dropout, batch normalization and parameter updating. Most significant six types of emotions are considered for analysis in predicting ASD children accurately.

Potential Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Stress Response Regulation

The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA transcripts involved in gene regulation at the level of transcription and post-transcription. There have been vital pieces of evidence to support the role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in the eukaryotic genome in recent years. The ncRNAs are also associated with post-translational modifications such as histone modification, heterochromatin formation, DNA methylation and other key molecules which are involved in regulating chromatin structures for gene expression. LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are the most diverse, biologically active transcripts without significant open reading frames (ORFs) and represent the majority of ncRNAs populations in the human genome. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest the role of ncRNAs in a wide range of human diseases, including cardiovascular, Alzheimer, and cancer. Several reports in the recent past also supported their involvement in the modulation of various cellular responses, although the mechanisms of ncRNAs mediated gene regulations are still not fully understood. This review paper highlights the importance of lncRNAs in cellular stress response such as DNA damaging ionizing radiation that will encourage research in thrust areas of therapeutics and diagnostics. The involvement of important lncRNAs in regulating biological processes, responses to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, as well as methods for the analysis of their cellular expression has been discussed.

Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Shp2 Phosphatase as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for Glioblastoma: A Minireview

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a dreadful cancer characterised by poor prognosis, low survival rate and difficult clinical correlations. Several signalling pathways and molecular mediators are known to precipitate GBM, and small-molecular targets of these mediators have become a favoured thrust area for researchers to develop potent anti-GBM drugs. Shp2, an important phosphatase of the nonreceptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) subfamily is responsible for master regulation of several such signalling pathways in normal and glioma cells. Thus, inhibition of Shp2 is a logical strategy for the design and development of anti-neoplastic drugs against GBM. Though tapping the full potential of Shp2 binding sites has been challenging, nevertheless, many synthetic and natural scaffolds have been documented as possessing potent and selective anti-Shp2 activities in biochemical and cellular assays, through either active-site or allosteric binding. Most of these scaffolds share a few common pharmacophoric features, a thorough study of which is useful in paving the way for the design and development of improved Shp2 inhibitors. This minireview summarizes the current scenario of potent small-molecule Shp2 inhibitors and emphasizes the anti-GBM potential of some important scaffolds that have shown promising GBM-specific activity in in vitro and in vivo models, thus proving their efficacy in GBM therapy. This review could guide researchers to design new and improved anti-Shp2 pharmacophores and develop them as anti-GBM agents by employing GBM-centric drug-discovery protocols.

A Current Review on Analytical Tools for Determination of New Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, Empagliflozin, Linagliptin and Biguanides in Bulk Materials, Pharmaceuticals & Biological Samples

Worldwide the R & D divisions of Pharma industry are actively involved in the development of new therapeutic agents. These agents may be either new entities or partial structural modification of the existing one. The recent FDA statistics represent that the average number of drug filings are increasing every year in the thrust areas like anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic, antibiotics, cardio-vascular drugs, respiratory drugs etc. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and biguanides are effective oral anti-diabetic agents used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, the necessity to explore and compare the existing analytical and bioanalytical assays used for determination of such drugs either single or in combination is crucial. Many methods were reported in the literature for the bio-analysis and analysis of four novel gliptins combinations, empagliflozin-linagliptin, empagliflozin-metformin HCl, linagliptin-metformin HCl, empagliflozin-linagliptin-metformin HCl combination with application on Glyxambi®, Synjardy®, Jentadueto®, Trijardy® XR tablets respectively. Furthermore, this review offered an overview of different methods used for determination of every drug alone as empagliflozin from SGLT-2 inhibitors, linagliptin from DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin from biguanides in a tabulated comparative way. Moreover, the current review emphasizes the most common stability indicating assays to be of interest to the analysts in the area of drug control. This review helps in understanding the further need for the development of analytical methods for the estimation of such drugs.

Determinants of customers’ intentions towards environmentally sustainable banking: Testing the structural model

The increasing urbanization and changing consumption patterns are putting great strain on environmental sustainability. The consumption patterns need to be reformed due to the great contribution to rising carbon emissions. The customers are also becoming aware of the various environmental issues. The current research developed and tested a conceptual framework to scrutinize the antecedents of customers' intentions to adopt environmentally sustainable banking services and activities. Following the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this paper incorporated the constructs namely trust, environmental consciousness, and perceived behavioural outcomes in addition to its basic variables. The data were gathered from a cross-sectional sample of 440 Indian bank customers using a survey method. PLS-based structural equation modelling technique was employed to test the research model. The results indicated that TPB constructs exert significant influence on customers’ behavioural intention. The environmental consciousness was marked as a highly significant predictor of perceived behavioural outcomes which in turn was found to be a significant determinant of trust as well as behavioural intention. Moreover, the attitude was found to be a significant outcome of trust and environmental consciousness. This research puts forth the theoretical as well as managerial implications and provides directions for further research in the concerned thrust area.

PARASITIC INFECTIONS AND CANCERS: ASSOCIATIVE STUDY

It’s estimated that over 15% of malignancies worldwide are often attributed to infections; the figures are higher in developing countries to the extent of twenty-two compared to about 7% in developing countries. The incidence of malignancy an infectious cause is about 1.2 million cases per annum. This also implies that a minimum of a number of the cancers are preventable and will be a thrust area for research.This paper deals with the connection between parasitic infections and carcinogenesis and therefore the possible mechanisms involved.

Effect of weed management and methods of planting on weed population and establishment of turf grasses

The scientific management of weeds and effective establishment of grasses are the thrust areas of research in turf grass cultivation. Therefore, an investigation was carried out during 2018-19 at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, to evaluate pre-planting weed management methods and to identify best establishment method in turf grasses. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments of which two weed management practices (hand weeding and soil sterilant application); three planting methods (seed sowing at 10g/m2, seed sowing at 5g/m2 and stolon dibbling) and two turf grass species (Mexican grass and Bermuda grass) laid out in factorial Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. The study has revealed that among the two grasses evaluated Bermuda grass var. ‘Tif dwarf’ showed less number of weeds (4.61/m2), early germination or sprouting (7.28 days), high ground cover per cent score (5.00), higher number of nodes (27.03), number of leaves per stolon (30.74) and leaf width (2.69 mm) compared to Mexican grass. Seed sowing method of establishment at 10g/m2 showed a smaller number of weeds per square meter (9.56/m2) and lowest time taken for germination or sprouting (11.00 days). Stolon dibbling was found superior with respect to ground cover per cent score (4.85), number of nodes (27.51) and number of leaves (29.74) while leaf length (23.93 cm), leaf width (2.95 mm) and average leaf area (3.45 cm2) was recorded highest for seed sowing method at 5g/ m2. Among weed management approaches, Dizomet applied plots showed a smaller number of weeds at 40 days after planting (9.68/m2). Stolon dibbling of Bermuda grass var. ‘Tif dwarf’ at 160 days after planting recorded highest values for number of nodes (39.61) and number of leaves (42.78) while seed sowing at 10g/m2 of Bermuda grass var. ‘Tif dwarf’ recorded lowest number of weeds (2.70/m2), lowest days to germination or sprouting (6.17 days) and maximum ground cover per cent score (5).

Re-exploring an Epicentre Spice with Immense Therapeutic Potentials: Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Background: Spices are mostly used as additives in food regularly to enhance the taste and flavour. From ancient times, the plant of Piperaceae family contributes a large variety of species to the spices section, from which Piper nigrum is one of the widely used spices worldwide in culinary and as a medicinal agent. Piper nigrum is known as the king of spice due to its impactful constituent ‘piperine’. Objective: To report a comprehensive view on the botanical description, traditional and culinary use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and toxicology of P. nigrum. Methods: Literature searches were carried out in various databases, such as PubMed, SciFinder, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed research literature about traditional and culinary use, biologically active compounds and distinctive pharmacological activities along with toxicology of P. nigrum. Results: The main outcomes from the search are the bioactive compounds responsible for various pharmacological activities, such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. Apart from its traditional uses, it is accounted for the treatment of numerous diseases worldwide. Pharmacologically, the plant has been investigated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, digestive, antidiarrheal, anticancer, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, antithyroid and antiasthmatic activities. Black pepper showed no toxic effect up to 250 times more than their usual amount. Conclusion: The overall review suggests that P. nigrum is not just a commonly utilized spice but also at the same time utilized as a traditional plant with immense therapeutic potentials. The review also suggests that limited work has been reported on the neuropharmacological activity of P. nigrum. So, scientific evaluation of its neuroprotective effect can be a thrust area for the research.

Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases are causing serious damage to public health worldwide, and control of these deadly mosquito vectors is a major thrust area for epidemiologists and public health workers. Therefore, the present research reports an eco-friendly solution with multipotency of silver nanoparticle fabricated from shrimp shell biowaste in controlling mosquitoes and bacterial pathogens. The biofabricated chitosan silver nanoparticles (Cs-AgNPs) were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and zeta potential analysis. The TEM studies showed that the obtained Cs-AgNPs were mostly spherical in shape. Low doses of chitosan and Cs-AgNPs showed high mosquitocidal properties against both larvae and adult ofAnopheles stephensi,Aedes aegypti, andCulex quinquefasciatus.The LC50(lethal concentration 50%) of Cs-AgNPs was 10.240 ppm (fourth instar larvae) and 9.671 ppm (adult) forAn. stephensi; 11.349 ppm (fourth instar) and 12.015 ppm (adult) forAe. aegyptiand 12.426 ppm (fourth instar) and 12.965 ppm (adult) forCx. quinquefasciatus.The concerning part of antibacterial studies showed that Cs-AgNP had significant inhibition on tested bacterial pathogens. Overall, this study shows that chitosan extracted from the shrimp shell wastes can be used as a potential source for controlling major mosquito vectors.

Value addition in cashew apple: A review

Cashew apple is a tropical fruit which is an important byproduct of the cashew nut processing industry. It can be consumed as fresh fruit, but also possess sensory and nutritional characteristics for food process industrialization, due to its fleshy pulp, soft peel, no seeds and strong exotic flavor. These fruits are being wasted across various parts of the cashew growing countries due to its short production period and high perishability. It is a less utilized product because of its astringent and acrid principles. Numerous quantities of cashew apple are being wasted annually because the focus was on nuts alone. There is a need to address these problems by developing a technique which is easily adoptable and cost effective. Also, the processing should not affect the quality of the product. Cashew apple and their products have a potential market in the domestic and international forum. Though there are some limitations, certain physical and chemical processing steps are to be followed to bring out quality and palatable cashew apple products with significant nutritive qualities. The value added products from cashew apple is a thrust area of research for food technologists, industrialists and farmers and of course these products are a definite alternate solution for nutritional source. Processing of cashew apple will turn out to be economic potential for farmers, entrepreneurs and consumers. In this present review, we discussed about the feasibility of production of various value added cashew apple processed foods.

Trends in dye industry effluent treatment and recovery of value added products

Increased population and industrialization generate a large number of organic pollutants that create problems on the planet earth. The level of freshwater is reducing which has pushed the society to reuse/recycle wastewater. Eco-friendly and economically sound treatment of industrial wastewater has attracted global attention and hence is a thrust area of research. Organic compounds rich wastewater can be used to generate bioenergy and value-added products from the resource recovery point of view. Wastewater treatment(s) can be used to trap energy from industrial effluents in form of biofuel, bioenergy and biogas. Recovered products can be used in various ways such as recovered nutrients for (bio)fertilizer production and algal biomass for bioplastic production. Microbial electrochemical technology is a promising approach for resource recovery. This review article aims to present and discuss trends and scientific developments about recovery of value-added products from dye industry effluent. It also provides state-of-art technical information about technologies for remediation of pollutants from dye industry effluent with emphasis on nanotechnological approaches and microbial electrochemical technologies (METs). It narrates literature on classification and properties of dyes, effects of dye pollutants on environment and human health and factors affecting degradation of dyes. Generation of bioenergy and recovery of valuables from dye industrial wastewater along with challenges and perspectives of this research area have been covered.

Progress in the arc plasma temperature measurement and its finite element analysis in pulsed MIG welding process

The article focuses on the state of the art review of progress in the arc plasma temperature measurement, a lesser-explored area of pulsed metal inert gas welding because of technological and economic constraints. However, investigation of the arc plasma temperature is paramount for precise prediction in welding process simulation models. The dynamic behavior of arc plasma in the pulsed MIG welding process is a multifaceted heat mass transfer phenomenon involving chemical, electro-magnetic, and fluid dynamics.In the pulsed MIG welding process thermal, mechanical, and electrical phenomenon co-exists and results in the formation of all four states of matter in a very small fusion sphere. The paper throws light on the latest investigations on the importance of precise measurement of arc plasma temperature, techniques used for measurement of the arc plasma, and challenges associated with pulsed MIG welding. Moreover, unanswered characteristics of the welding fusion sphere with future directions are discussed in the challenges section. It will serve as a guide to researchers and industry for developing better insight for performing pulsed MIG welding, developing accurate numerical models of pulsed MIG welding, and will also provide sufficient base to focus on thrust area of pulsed MIG welding.

Petroleum sludge polluted soil remediation: Integrated approach involving novel bacterial consortium and nutrient application

Petroleum sludge has been reported as noteworthy hazardous solid waste generated from industrial activities of petroleum sector. Environment friendly and economically sound treatment of petroleum sludge has attracted global attention worldwide and has become a thrust area of research. Petroleum sludge bioremediation is gaining interest of researchers globally to clean pollutants from soil ecosystems. To date of submission of the work there is no literature available reporting comparing five approaches for remediation of agricultural soil polluted with petroleum sludge employing hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium (HUBC). Further studies on toxicity were performed through pot experiments using Vigna radiata. The aim of this research work was to compare capability of five approaches for remediating petroleum sludge polluted agricultural soil by employing soil microcosms. Best results were obtained when simultaneous application of HUBC and nutrients was performed in microcosm. Highest decrease (93.14 ± 1.75%) of petroleum sludge with sufficient count of hydrocarbon utilizers and decreased nutrients in 42 days was reported. Quality improvement of petroleum sludge contaminated agricultural soil after its bioremediation was performed by pot experiments by checking germination of V. radiata seeds. 85.71% germination of seeds in 5 days was noted for treated soil. Thus, HUBC can be applied as a bioremediating consortium to reclaim petroleum sludge polluted soil.

Promoting Inclusivity in Elementary Classroom Through Art Integrated Learning (AIL)

Art Integrated learning is an innovative approach of teaching and learning which ensures effective and joyful classroom transaction in order to secure attention of students, to motivate learners, to support active participation of students in classroom process and to enable then to develop their thinking abilities by keeping in mind the individual differences and preferences. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory (1983) provided a wonderful way to embody an Arts Integration approach that would foster student’s autonomy with a focus on multiple learning styles and abilities. The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has also formulated comprehensive guidelines and a framework for the integration of art in pedagogy to create an atmosphere of “experiential and joyful learning” in the classrooms. At this premise this paper makes an attempt to look into the positive aspects of Art Integrated Learning in promoting inclusivity in classroom at elementary level. The thrust areas of this paper are concept and understanding of ‘Arts’ as pedagogical tool, its impact on the holistic learning and development of every child, importance of Art Integrated Learning in promoting inclusivity in classroom and role of teacher/facilitator in promoting inclusivity in classroom through Art integrated learning approach. Further, this paper also advocates that there is an urgent need to orient teachers towards the implementation of Art Integrated Learning in regular classroom in order to promote inclusive education and to attain certain educational goals.

Evaluation and modeling the static and free vibrational behaviours of AA3003/CFRP honeycomb sandwich structures

Honeycomb structures are widely applied to many aerospace applications nowadays. Research in the successful manufacturing of sandwich composites itself is a thrust area to many advanced materials researchers. Nevertheless, in real service conditions, all the produced sandwich structures are commissioned after many machining processes. Abrasive water jet machining is one of the exclusive methods of machining high brittle structures. Honeycomb structures layered with carbon and/or Kevlar taps possess very high brittle kind of behaviors. Henceforth, Abrasive Water Jet machining can be adopted for producing net designed shape. The present work investigates enhancing the mechanical response of AA3003 honeycomb of 0.4 mm cell-wall thickness after skinned with carbon fiber epoxy composite layers. Composite layers of 0.6 mm are staked on both sides and glued using Araldite. 12 h oven curing has been employed at 60 °C. Conditioned samples have proceeded for standard mechanical characterizations in addition to the free vibrational and damping properties. A novel approach to measure the sandwich panel’s damping is experimented with in this work by conducting impact hammer excitation to stimulate the possible modes in the integrated system. Finally, the mechanical properties of sandwich panels are investigated by simulation software along with the experimental methods. Further, the analytical results are compared, and the results reveal that an increase in core thickness enhanced the sandwich composites’ damping behavior. Coupons have been taken from various regions to balance the uncertainty. The experimental results show the significant enhancement of the aluminum core’s rigidity due to the composite lapping.

A FIELD STUDY OF THE TRANSACTIONAL MODALITIES OF THE IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS UNDER RMSA IN MIZORAM

The professional development of teachers is an important aspect of education and the main avenue for the professional development of secondary school teachers is the in-service training programmes organised by the district education offices. This study is an attempt to study the transactional modalities i.e. the manner in which the training programmes are organised by the various district education offices. Training Centres in all eight districts of Mizoram were visited and administrative staff from all the district offices were interviewed. Findings were tabulated and recommendations made for improvement. KEYWORDS: In-service Training Programme, Secondary School Teachers, Training Centres, Transactional Modalities, Challenges, Thrust Areas, Recommendations.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

Aphasia in Neurology Practice: A Survey about Perceptions and Practices.

Background:Aphasia is one of those clinical conditions, where the role of affiliated professionals, mainly speech language pathologists (SLPs) is substantial in diagnostic assessments, therapy, and rehabilitation. There is no study to focus on neurologists, with respect to their perceptions and practices about aphasia, the disease, as well as the profession of SLP.Objective:To reach out to the neurologist community in India and learn about their perceptions and practices about the nature of the ailment and role of speech language therapy (SLT). Our premise was that observations and inferences from a questionnaire-based survey will be subsequently helpful in planning educational activities targeted to neurologists with more focus on specific gaps in perceptions and practices.Material and Methods:Three neurologists and two SLPs collaboratively developed the questionnaire. The aim was to probe the issues which were likely to have a bearing upon optimum service delivery to persons with aphasia by a dyad of neurologist and SLP. The survey was set in “Google Forms” and sent by “WhatsApp” and email to approximately 500 practicing neurologists in India. We employed a nonprobability sampling design for ease of administration with a combination of “chunk sampling” and “snowball sampling.” Telephonic reminders were made to almost all.Results and Discussion:We received 100 responses. The mean age of respondents was 50.64 (SD +/− 12.60) with a range of 28–78 years. The mean number of years of experience as a neurophysician was 19.88 (SD. +/− 12.72) with range of 1–47 years. Females were only 8%. Apparently, the proportion of neurologists working in large corporate and large public sector institutions from tier one and tier two cities was higher, who are more likely to have SLP and related rehabilitation facilities in their institutions and hence harbor more conducive attitudes to SLT in aphasia. The ground reality from tier three cities and small private and public sector hospital and solo practitioners may be somewhat worse than this. Many responses were in conformity with facts and in tune with desirable attitudes as per guidelines like aphasia being a detrimental factor in stroke recovery, doing assessment of handedness, paying attention to neuroimaging correlations and associated cognitive functions, not resorting to unnecessary pharmacotherapy, being aware about efficacy of SLT, and fairly good chances of recovery. However, many more answers highlighted a need for emphasis in Continuing Medical Education like not being aware about community burden of aphasia in comparison to a few better known neurological diseases, not paying attention to psychosocial aspects apart from biological ones in assessment and rehabilitation, not using a standardized and validated battery, not confidant about role of SLT in chronic stable aphasia and need for longer and intensive therapy, and being unconcerned for the value of advocacy for aphasia, like the role of Self-Help Groups.Conclusion:The thrust areas, pertaining to gaps in perception and practices identified through this study, can be viewed as “an in-time input.” We hope that changes in some of the perceptions and practices can be attained through an emphasis on education and training at multiple levels right from the undergraduate to the practicing physicians. A few more themes and domains will need advocacy actions targeted to different stakeholders.