Threefold Repetition Research Articles

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FERMENTED MILK STARTER CULTURE ON BUTTER QUALITY INDICATORS

Butter production in Kazakhstan is gaining growth, the food market is represented by a diverse range of sweet and creamy butters, butters with fillers, which are produced by oil processing enterprises. This article presents research on the development of sour-cream butter with functional properties, studies have been conducted on the influence of fermented milk crops on oil quality indicators during storage. Standard methods were used in three-fold repetition to conduct the research. Various types of fermented milk starter cultures were studied, and models of butter recipes with starter cultures were compiled. Fermented milk ferments were introduced into the butter layer during thermomechanical processing. The results of the study showed that it is recommended to use the bacterial starter culture of EM Kurungа for the production of butter. The butter quality indicators were studied using this starter culture. The introduction of a starter culture in an amount of 3% allows you to get a product with the best characteristics, the value of the acid number is within the normal range for sour cream butter and allows you to maintain the quality of the product for 60 days. The finished product had positive organoleptic properties, shelf life and can be recommended for functional nutrition.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АЗОТНОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ И БИОПРЕПАРАТА НА УЛУЧШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

These studies are an important stage in the study of the effect of nitrogen foliar feeding together with a growth regulator during the growing season of plants on the productivity of crops with high quality indicators of winter wheat grain. When cultivating winter wheat, autumn and spring fertilizing is of great importance. In the experiments, the zoned varieties of winter wheat Trio and Bagrat of the selection of the P.P. Lukyanenko Federal State Budgetary Scientific Research University were sown. Ammonium nitrate and biopreparations of Novosil and VE were studied from fertilizers. The experience was laid out in three-fold repetition, with a randomized placement of options with a total plot area of 130 m2, accounting – 80 m2. The effectiveness of nitrogen top dressing is achieved by combining it with growth regulators of Novosil, VE in different doses of application, which provided an increase in the structure of the crop. The length of the ear increased by 2.3 cm, the weight of 1000 grains by 2.3 g, the grain size by 43 g / l for the Trio variety, and by 2.5 cm; 5.5 g; 37 g / l, respectively, for the Bagrat variety. The applied doses of 20-30 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and a growth regulator of 50-60 ml/ha improved the quality indicators of wheat grain. The highest vitreous content in the grain filling phase was observed in the Trio variety, where it was 85%, gluten – 37.2%, and Bagrat variety had slightly less than 84% vitreous and 35.4% gluten. The choice of the application method depended on the phase of plant development, meteorological conditions of the year, soil moisture, etc. Studies have shown that according to the content of raw gluten in flour and the "strength" of flour, different varieties reacted differently. The Bagrat variety reacted better to the introduction of nitrogen and a growth regulator during the earing period, and the Trio variety reacted better to spraying on leaves during the grain filling period.

БОРЬБА С СОРНЯКАМИ В ПОСЕВАХ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

It is known that the contamination of cultivated crops with weeds greatly complicates agricultural work. Weeds significantly reduce the yield, worsen the quality of products and increase their cost. In the system of weed control measures, the use of herbicides is one of the most important means of combating field contamination, it is especially effective in combination with agrotechnical control measures against the background of high agricultural culture. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of herbicides on the contamination of crops, increase productivity and improve the quality of winter wheat grain. The experiment was laid down in three-fold repetition with a randomized placement of options in experiments with a total area of 30 m2, accounting for 16 m2. The use of herbicides in the tillering phase on wheat crops, the reduction of weeds was 69.8 – 88.2%, and before harvesting by 58.1 – 74.6%. The highest yield of winter wheat grain was provided by the fourth option, the use of the herbicide Dart, KKR (0.4 l/ha) + Singer, SP (5g/ha) – 4.93 t/ha of the Bagrat variety, according to the Trio variety – 4.88 t/ha. The main indicators of grain quality are protein, gluten and vitreous. The maximum values were characterized by grain obtained from the fourth variant, where the protein content of both varieties was 14.7 – 14.9%, gluten 28.4 – 28.9%, vitreous – 71.1 – 71.2%. The weight of 1000 grains was 44.1 – 44.6 g, which is 3.3 g more than the control variant. Efficiency calculations show that the costs are recouped on the varieties of winter wheat Bagrat and Trio in all variants of the experiment. In the fourth option, the cost of expenses increased by 0.96 thousand rubles compared to the control, while the profit of this option amounted to 31.12 – 31.62 thousand rubles with a profitability of 176 – 178.8%.

Determination of the optimal modes of operation of the clover grater and scarifier KS-0.3 P during scarification

The article provides information about the features of the device, the quality of work of the prototype of a new 25...30 % more productive clover grater and scarifier KS-0.3 P in comparison with the analogue KS-0.2 P. KS-0.3P includes a drum-type wiping and scarifying device, a pneumatic separation device, a two-stage exhaust air purification system containing a cyclone and a fabric filter. The increase in the productivity of the new machine is achieved by increasing the diameter of the drum with a solid wiping surface to 0.45 m and the length of the oval deck with scarifying plates to 0.7 m. The solid grating surface of the drum is welded from steel rods of hexagonal profile No. 12 mounted on an edge. The deck covering the drum from below by 180° is made of round bars with a diameter of 10 mm and nine steel plates with a thickness of 2 mm and a width of 11 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the deck. When studying the technological process of clover grater and scarifier the method of mathematic planning of the experiment was used. The quality of scarification done was evaluated using the GOST 12038-84, GOST 12036-85 methodologies and additionally introduced indicator of variation of the number of germinated seeds. The material supply was regulated by the degree of opening of the flap in the loading hopper in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 t/h. The rotation frequency of the drum was changed by a frequency converter from 550 to 650 min-1. Eastern galega seeds met GOST 52325-2005 requirements. The experiments were carried out in three-fold repetition. As a result of an experimental study of the KS-0.3P cloverworm-scarifier during the scarification of the seeds of the Eastern galega, the ranges of the optimal drum rotation speed of 550... 650 min-1 and the material supply of 0.3... 0.4 t / h were determined, when the specified agrotechnical indicators were provided: the degree of scarification not less than 95.0 % and crushing not more than 1.5 %.

Influence of Hydrothermal Parameters on Potato Irrigation Regime

Background: The article presents the results of studies that allow us to calculate and predict the water consumption of cultivated vegetable crops depending on the moisture availability of the growing season. Hydrothermal indicators of the territory during the entire growing season have a significant impact on the irrigation regime and water consumption of cultivated crops. Methods: In the present study, the assessment of natural moisture during the growing season was determined by the hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) according to the criterion of T.G. Selyaninov. The irrigation rate was calculated according to the modified formula of A.N. Kostyakov. Biological productivity was taken into account by the method of meter sites in three-fold repetition. Result: The value of the irrigation norm varies depending on the intensity of atmospheric droughts when growing potatoes in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of the Lower Volga region. To maintain a given pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture, it is necessary to take into account the hydrothermal indicators of the territory during the entire growing season. The use of modern resource-saving irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation, makes it possible to ensure an uninterrupted supply of moisture to plants and, as a result, to obtain high-quality crop yields. Thus, in order to obtain high and stable yields of potatoes grown on drip irrigation, depending on the heat and moisture availability of the growing season, it took from 2,250 to 3,040 m3/ha of irrigation water.

Assessment of the reproducibility and accuracy of the Visia® Complexion Analysis Camera System for objective skin analysis of facial wrinkles and skin age.

This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility and accuracy of the Visia® Complexion Analysis Camera System by Canfield Scientific for objective skin analysis. Nineteen participants underwent facial capture with the Visia® camera following a standardised protocol. During the first session, the participants sat down and positioned their faces in a capture rig, closed their eyes and had their faces captured from the left, front and right sides, with threefold repetition of the captures from the front side. After 4 weeks, the participants underwent recapture in a similar manner. Based on the frontal views, data for two measurement methods of the Visia® camera system, the absolute scores and the percentiles, were obtained with regard to the skin criterion wrinkles via automated software calculation. Means and standard deviations were evaluated. Based on the side views, the data for the Truskin Ages® were calculated by the Visia® camera system and compared with the calendrical ages, which served as the gold standard for comparison. In the assessment of the reproducibility of the data of the capture system the standard deviation from the frontal captures among all participants was about 3% when the absolute scores of the wrinkles were compared with each other; specifically, the average deviation was 3.36% during the first capture session and 3.4% during the second capture session. Meanwhile, the standard deviation of the measurements was about 9% when the percentiles were compared; specifically, the average deviation was 8.2% during the first capture session and 10.7% during the second capture session. In the assessment of the accuracy the correlation between the calendrical age and the calculated Truskin Age® for both facial sides was very high at a correlation coefficient rho value of >0.8 (right side: r=0.896; left side: r=0.827) and statistically significant at a p-value of <0.001. The average calendrical age and Truskin Age® deviated only slightly from each other and did not differ significantly (right side: p=0.174; left side: p=0.190). The Truskin Age® was slightly higher than the calendrical age by a mean value of 1.37 years for both facial sides. The analysis of the absolute differences revealed that in 50% of the cases, there was a maximum difference of 3 years, and in 75% of the cases, there were maximum differences of 4.5 years for the right side and 5.5 years for the left side. The assessment of the reproducibility and accuracy of the objective measurement method, the Visia® camera system, contributed to the validation of the system. The evaluation of the reproducibility revealed a satisfactory precision of the repeated captures when investigating facial wrinkles. Absolute scores should be preferred over percentiles owing to their better precision. The calculation of the accuracy of the Truskin Age® data from the Visia® camera system revealed only a slight deviation from the true calendrical ages. The correlation between both data groups was highly significant.

Структура текстовой модели стихиры «Приидите, ублажим Иосифа»

The relevance of the topic is stipulated by the intensive development of the theory of textual-musical forms in modern Russian musicology. The novelty of the research is determined by the method of analysis of archaic text models by applying the principle of symmetry. In the article the unique composition of the verbal text in the masterpieces of the early Russian monophonic chants, the origins of which go back to the Byzantine tradition of the 7th and 8th centuries AD, is examined for the first time. The repetitive identical syntactical constructions — the elements unconnected to the plot — are combined into a complex polytextual structure. The stichera Come, Let Us Thank Joseph is based on the interaction of plot and non-plot elements. The rhythm of the form in its line composition of end-to-end development is created by the periodic symmetry of threefold repetition. The group of small texts representing the direct speech of the characters: Joseph, Mary, and Simeon the God-Receiver is embedded in the “large text”: the call to prayer and the prayer of believers. The author of the article describes it with a mathematical formula, and offers a geometric analogue in the form of a gnomon — a figure suggested by Greek mathematician Heron of Alexandria in the second half of the 1st century AD. The archaic text code of the stichera has traversed from century to century and acquired a modern sound due to the expressive means corresponding to the musical stylistic system of the epoch. The polished text models provide canonical ritual chants with centuries-old functioning in the form of the variant multitude of musical compositions.

The role of grafting in the productivity of tomato of extended cycle

Relevance. The purpose of the research: to study the effect of technological method (grafting) on tomatos productivity in the conditions of protected soil in the Tyumen region. Research objectives: based on the study of tomato rootstocks for the studied graft, to identify the most productive rootstock for subsequent use in LLC “Greenhouse facility “TyumenAgro” . Subject of research: protected ground conditions.The object of research: tomato hybrids F1 Maxeza, F1 Trovanzo and F1 Complis (as grafts), F1 Maxifort and F1 Emperador (as a rootstocks). The article also provides information on the use of the technological method of grafting when growing tomatoes in protected soil conditions in LLC “Greenhouse facility “TyumenAgro””.Methods. The productivity of tomatoes is taken into account from1 m2 in three-fold repetition. Crop accounting is carried out separately for each option as the fruit ripens, after 5–7 days. The results of crop accounting are processed by the method of variance analysis presented by B.A. Dospekhov. Results. In the course of research, it was found that the cultivation of tomato hybrids in conditions of lowvolume hydroponics, subject to phytosanitary measures, allows to increase the yield and quality of fruits. The highest yield for the crop cycle of 2018–2021 was observed in plants with Maxesa F1 graft and Emperador F1 rootstock, it amounted to 226.47 kg/m2. Based on the research, elements of a new technology will be proposed, characterized by significantly higher quality indicators of tomato productivity formation.

The quality of milk of cows-daughters of different bulls-producers and assessment of its suitability for processing

Relevance. The increase in the productive qualities of dairy cattle continues through the further use of purebred bulls-producers of the Holstein breed both of domestic and offoreign breeding, which invariably leads to an increase in the blood of the Holstein breed. Milk is not only a valuable food product, but also raw material for the dairy industry, and its use for the production of certain products is determined by its technological properties , so the study of them in a new genetic formation of dairy cattle in the Middle Urals zone has both scientific and practical interest.Methods. The research was carried out in one of the typical breeding reproducers for the breeding of Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region in the period 2018–2022. The evaluation included first-calf cows that completed the first lactation, obtained and grown on the farm. All cows are descended from breeding bulls Das, Sayan, De-Su, Gavano, Touareg, Marrs, Cassio, Bentley, who all 15 or more daughters. Qualitative indicators of milk— chemical composition, physico-chemical, technological properties and sanitary and hygienic indicators — were evaluated four times in three-fold repetition according to generally accepted methods and techniques in the dairy laboratory of the Ural State Agrarian University.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the milk of cows-daughters of different bulls-producers differs in chemical composition. In the milk of cows-daughters of bulls-producers Sayan and Cassio, the content of dry matter (DM), nonfat milk solids, protein, and milk sugar is higher. There was a significant superiority of these cows over their peers from other bulls in MJ in milk (Р ≤ 0.001). Milk obtained from cows-daughters of all bulls-producers corresponds to the highest grade. Differences in the technological properties of milk, namely in cheese suitability, were revealed, despite the fact that it was all attributed to the second type, the most suitable for the manufacture of cheeses.

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ДОНОРОВ КОРОТКОСТЕБЕЛЬНОСТИ У ОБРАЗЦОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ДНК МАРКЕРОВ И ДИАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА

Knowledge of genetic nature of plant height parameter is important in order to detect short-stemming donors that shorten the length of the stem without deteriorating grain productivity. Identification of short-stemming genes and study of their selection significance in the genotype are used in selection of pairs of wheat varieties for crosses as short-stemming donors in new variety development. The aim of this work is to determine the variability and inheritance of stem length of soft winter wheat and to find a system of genetic control in specification of this parameter, using classical methods of assessment and DNA markers. The research was carried out at Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center" in 2017 - 2020. The experiment had three-fold repetition. The object of the research is 3 varieties and 3 lines (LG2, LG3, LG4, Severnaya Zarya, Novosibirskaya 32, Omsk ozimaya), as well as 30 hybrids of the first generation (obtained according to full diallelic scheme) of domestic and foreign selection. Plant nutrition area was 10 x 20 (cm2). The forecrop was black fallow. Samples were screened with application of SSR marker of Rht8 gene. The experiment showed that demonstration of the trait in soft winter wheat descendants depends both on variety specificities and nuclear-plasma relationships. The donors of the "short-stemming" trait were identified: LG2 and Severnaya Zarya. Based on the statistical and molecular genetic analyzes (analysis of F1 hybrids, TCA (total combining ability) effects, as well as identifying the alleles of genes responsible for short-stemming), associations “DNA marker - TCA effect) were determined for the stem length parameter: LG2 (TCA = -1.23) ; Rht 8s (192 bp); Severnaya Zarya - (TCA = -1.21) = Rht 8s (192 bp). Lines of winter soft wheat carrying Rht 8s allele (192 bp) in their genotype, have a reduced stem height and can be recommended as sources of short stemming for usage in selection programs aimed at reducing plant height.

Activity-Related and Sociocultural Grounds for Foreign Language Education of Adults who Lack Expressed Motivation for Cognitive Activity

The paper considers the problem of forced rather than self-actualized teaching of a foreign language to students, educators and representatives of other practical fields of activity. Theoretical and methodological backgrounds for solving this problem are revealed on the basis of the humanistic and activity-based traditions of psychological and pedagogical knowledge. Activity-related traditions are analyzed in regard with the potentialities of appropriate approaches to learning to stir cognitive interest while educational process. Humanistic traditions designed to individualize education are explored in the context of psycho-corrective capabilities of educational activity, its conformity to the world outlook, cultural needs and psychological characteristics of a learner. The practical side of this study consists of methodological recommendations on the application of Baitukalov’s method of teaching foreign languages. Within the framework of Baitukalov’s methodology, the activity-related aspect of sociocultural foreign-language immersion is actualized through feature films. Fragments from feature films are used for the humanization of education as well. In the paper it is also substantiated that the fragments of motion pictures recommended for memorization through role playing not only contribute to the development of the communicative competence, but also make the psycho-correcting effect on the learner’s consciousness. The paper makes emphasis on fairy-tale stories, positive situations from films, where heroes overcome external circumstances successfully and change and grow personally. Besides, a characterization of a number of feature films is given. The criteria for the selection of feature films should be based on the individual characteristics of a person. It is recommended to unite the efforts of specialists for the experience exchange of using the feature films potential. The provision of «ecological safety» (that concerns ethics, moral, etc.) and aesthetics while selecting the certain fragments of film production for education purposes is asserted as the essential problem of the noted experience exchange. Further development of Baitukalov’s methodology is suggested in the aspect of the teaching potential of feature films, as well as in increasing the efficiency of cognitive activity at the expense of equal time intervals between key semantic units (words, images, etc.) with at least threefold repetition of key information

ВЛИЯНИЕ НОРМ ВЫСЕВА И СПОСОБОВ ПОСЕВА СУДАНСКОЙ ТРАВЫ НА УРОЖАЙ ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЫ В ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ РСО-АЛАНИЯ

Sudanese grass is one of the main crops of the green conveyor, where it is sown at different times and used in several periods. The sown areas are determined based on the average yield in this farm, the duration of feed use and the number of livestock for which the green conveyor is organized. The purpose of the research was the influence of seeding rates and sowing methods on the yield of green mass in the forest – steppe zone of the RSO-Alania. The research was carried out at the experimental field of the SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS during 2018-2020. Field experiments were laid in three-fold repetition, the area of the plot is 10 sq. m. The subject of research was the Sudanese grass Grazia variety, which is included in the State Register for the Central Chernozem, North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions for silage. The authors found that the best way to sow Sudanese grass in the foothill zone of the RSO-Alania should be considered a wide-row one. Forage crops should be carried out in more arid areas and in heavily clogged fields. At the same time, the yield of green mass is almost not reduced, but the crops are clean of weeds, soil moisture is consumed better and more economically. The largest yield of the green mass of the Sudanese grass was obtained with a wide-row sowing method with a seeding rate of 2.5 million/ha, with a narrow-row sowing method-2.0-3.5 million/ha. The results obtained allow us to recommend the Grazia variety of Sudanese grass for green fodder in the forest – steppe zone of the RSO-Alania for widespread use.

Effect of harvesting time on yield and sown quality of spring cereals during storage

It is important to correctly determine the stage of harvesting. To establish full ripeness, it is necessary to accurately identify the period when plastic substances stop entering the grain. All this is necessary for the formation of high-quality grain. Due to the long-term storage of grain, its germination decreases, as there are violations in the processes of metabolism. Therefore, during the storage period, it is necessary to control the quality of the seed material. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of harvesting time and long-term storage of grain for obtaining seed material with high indicators of yield and sowing qualities. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental field and in the laboratory conditions of the FGBNU FANC North-East in 2015-2020. From each variant of the experiment, 1 kg of seeds of the 2015 harvest were stored. Under laboratory conditions, the germination energy and laboratory germination capacity of the seeds were tested. In 2020, field germination and yield qualities of seeds were studied in three-fold repetition on meter plots. During the years of research, changes in the sowing qualities of seeds obtained during storage in 2015 were noted. Seeds from crops that were harvested at the onset of the full ripeness phase and at a grain moisture content of 17 … 20 %, (1), the indicators of germination energy and germination were the highest than when harvested at a later time. A significant decrease in indicators was noted in the cleaning options for 10 and 15 days later than the optimal one. The study of the influence of the harvest year and the duration of seed storage showed that seeds 1 and 2 of the harvest period in 2015 provide a higher yield than seeds 3 and 4 of the harvest period. The use of late-harvest seeds in sowing leads to a decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and the nature of the grain.

Methods of Laboratory Studies of the Star Draining Tillage Working Body

At the moment, the issue of creating and positioning tools for deep loosening of the subsurface layer and the formation of aeration drainage has been studied in detail. The modern market offers many different tools for deep loosening or moling, but according to the analysis of machines and tools, as well as promising developments presented in the form of patents, we can say that there are no systems capable of performing deep loosening and drainage operations together. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in creating a fundamentally new star-shaped design of a draining tillage working body that will be able to form an optimal water-air regime of the soil due to the formation of maximum aeration drainage per unit area, with simultaneous loosening of the subsurface horizon, excluding over-compaction of the near-drainage zone as part of the soil-forming system. (Materials and methods) To simulate the operation process, predict and identify the optimal parameters and operating modes, as well as to bring the developed working body to field testing, it is necessary to conduct a number of laboratory experiments and studies. The article presents the scheme of the laboratory installation and described the principle of its operation. (Results and discussion) The article presents a full factor experiment with three factors and three levels of variation in three-fold repetition to assess the influence of existing factors on the operation of the star-shaped drainage working body, the quality of the treatment of the subsurface horizon and the formation of drains, the interaction of factors with each other, as well as creation a mathematical model of the process of combined tillage, including the processes of deep loosening and aeration drainage. (Conclusions) The proposed method will allow us to more accurately and systematically identify the optimal parameters and modes of operation of the body, based on changes in the optimization parameters.

Dan Shen's “Dual Dynamics” and Dual Audience of Literary Fairy Tales

Dan Shen's “Dual Dynamics” and Dual Audience of Literary Fairy Tales

The study results of the farming system of direct sowing (no-till) when growing winter wheat in the Central Steppe of the Crimea

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a valuable grain crop. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of the direct sowing system (no-till, technology without tillage), in comparison with the one recommended for the zone of the Central Steppe of the Crimea, on the agrophysical characteristics of the soil, weed infestation of the plots and winter wheat productivity. The trial was laid in 2015, the study began to be carried out in 2017. In the trials there was studied the winter wheat variety ‘Asket'. The soil of the experimental plot was southern blackearth (chernozem) with 2.0-2.1% of humus, with 2.0-2.7 mg of labile phosphorus per 100 g of soil and 25-30 mg of exchangeable potassium per 100 g of soil. The total area of the plot was 300 m2, the accounting area was 50 m2 with threefold repetition. The average annual air temperature was 10.4 °С, the average annual precipitation was 428 mm. Mathematical processing was carried out according to the Dospekhov's method. The direct sowing in 2017-2019 contributed to the accumulation of available moisture in the soil when growing winter wheat. During the autumn-winter period, there were accumulated 46 mm, which was two times more than in the control variant. The direct sowing did not affect the weed species' composition. Their number in the variants with no-tillage increased by 6.1 pcs/m2. The soil density when sowing in the 0-30 cm layer was at the same level in terms of technologies. During the renewal of the spring vegetation there was soil softening and, on average, over the layers, this parameter was at the level of optimal values. The number of agronomically valuable aggregates was on 2.5% higher with direct sowing than in the control variant. The structural coefficient in the control variant was 2.7, and with no-till it was 3.2. The productivity in the control variant was 3.86 t/ha, and in the direct sowing it was 3.30 t/ha, which was on 0.56 t/ha (14.5%) more in the control variant than in the studied variant.

The importance of the yield components of the spring durum wheat varieties from Russia and Kazakhstan

The adaptability of grain varieties' productivity is formed in the process of their development under the influence of the environmental conditions of the breeding center, the properties of the initial material and component characteristics due to which the identification of the varieties is carried out. The International Program “Kazakh-Siberian Wheat Improvement for Spring Durum Wheat” (IP KaSibWI SDW) has used the genotypes of seven institutions from Russia and Kazakhstan and their geographic locations as environmental areas. The study of two sets of varieties (25 varieties in 2015-2016 and 26 varieties in 2018) in the KaSib system made it possible to distribute breeding centers according to their “specialization” in the formation of adaptive properties (Malchikov et al., 2018). In particular, there has been found that the staff of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (hereinafter the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture) developed the varieties of wide adaptation (area). Consequently, the traits closely correlating with the productivity on the plots of the Samara ARI may be associated with properties that determine the wide adaptation of varieties. The purpose of the research was to determine the traits correlating with varietal variability of productivity of the KaSib nurseries from Russia and Kazakhstan on the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. Field trials were carried out for three years (2015, 2016, 2018); the accounting area of the plots was 10.0 m2, with threefold repetition, with random plot placement; the sheaves for laboratory analysis were taken from each repetition (sampling area of 0.63 m2). Using the methods of correlation and path analysis, there has been established a significant correlation between variation of yield and such traits as economic coefficient (К.хозР), nature weight (H), 1000 grain weight (M1000), sterility of heads in the cenosis (Ст), number of grains per spikelet (ЧЗКК) and number of days before tillering (КДК).

Method for Determining the Sea Waves Curvature Using Wave Buoys Conventional Shape

Introduction. Modern wave buoys due to their design make it possible to determine a directional wave spectrum using five coefficients of the Fourier series. However, up to nine members of the series can be determined from wave surface measurements. To determine the missing four members, information about wave curvature is necessary. It cannot be obtained by direct measurements with wave buoys of a conventional shape - a sphere, a cylinder or a saucer. The lack of information about the curvature of waves when determining the directional spectrum leads to its low resolution and to the presence of negative regions. Aim. To develop a method for determining the curvature of waves from measurements with conventional shape wave buoys. Materials and methods. Theoretical substantiations of the proposed method were presented, as well as mathematical modeling of irregular wave processes in a wide range of wave intensities and an experimental study of three wave spectra with a threefold repetition of each of them. Results. Numerical simulations demonstrated a good agreement between the calculated curvature and the set values. The variance deviation was less than 1%. The experimental study demonstrated a greater deviation in variance - up to 9%, which can be explained by the influence of an instrumental error and by an unaccounted influence of reflected waves. Conclusion. On the basis of the study, the method for determining the curvature of waves by numerical differentiation of wave slope measurements using information on a wave propagation speed has been developed. The method was supplemented by correcting amplitude values according to the criterion of matching the spectral characteristics of wave processes. Additional studies of the developed method are required to determine the influence of wave factors such as wave steepness, spectrum width, random multidirectional waves, etc. on the calculated curvature and on the directional spectrum.

НАСЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРИЗНАКА « МАССА 1000 ЗЕРЕН» ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ДИАЛЛЕЛЬНЫХ СКРЕЩИВАНИЯХ

Weight of 1000 grains - one of the component characteristics of yield is included in the group of main characteristics that are used for wheat breeding. In addition, the weight of the grain along with its performance is a sign of grain quality, largely determining its milling properties. The aim of the research is to determine the inheritance of a trait in the system of diallel crosses. The research was performed on the experimental field of the Samara research Institute in 2016-2018. The following varieties from the Ekada program were studied: Arhat, Estivum 1079, Estivum 1311, Omskaya 36, Ekada 148, Ekada 113, and Ekada 204. The varieties selected for the study were characterized by stable yield and significant differences in the studied feature-the mass of 1000 grains. Sowing was carried out manually on single-row plots 1 meter long with rows of 20 centimeters of 20 grains, rendomized blocks in three-fold repetition. Phenological observations were noted for the phases of development: tillering, earing and maturation. The results were analyzed using the B. I. Hayman method. As a result, the following genetic and statistical effects were revealed: 1) the functioning of epistatic interactions based on the genetic systems of Arhat and Ekada148 varieties; 2) directed dominance, dominant genes increase feature values ; 3) dominant and recessive alleles are distributed asymmetrically across varieties, with the predominance of dominant alleles in the population as a whole; 4)interaction in locuses between alleles occurs with the demontration of superdominant effects; 5) the additive component was significant in all environments, which implies good heritability of the trait; 6) varieties Estivum 1079 and Ekada 204 carry the maximum number of dominant alleles in all environments and are donors of dominant alleles that increase the trait.

Distribution of the relative frequency of immersion of pea grains in the liquid depending from the height of transportation

One of the main ways to protect seed material from various diseases is treatment with chemicals. The most effective way to protect seeds from various diseases is wet etching with the simultaneous release of grain impurities. To develop a device for cleaning and etching seeds by wet density, studies were conducted to determine the minimum height of the loading hopper relative to the surface of the water solution of the etcher when transporting spherical grains to it in order to ensure that the surface tension forces are overcome. Practical experiments were conducted on throwing single grains of peas of the Vita variety (spherical grain) with a humidity of 14% into a liquid with a density of ρzh = 1000, 1090 and 1150 kg/m3. Sodium chloride salt (NaCl) was used to change the density liquid. To obtain more reliable information, the experiments were carried out in three-fold repetition. The temperature of the surrounding air and liquid of different densities ρzh was 20°C. It is established that when single pea grains fall 100%, the immersion in water (ρzh = 1000 kg/m3) occurs at a transport height h of at least 12.0·10−3 m. In the case of 100% immersion of pea grains in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of ρzh = 1090 and 1150 kg/m3, the minimum transport height h is 15.0·10−3 and 18.0·10−3 m, respectively.