Three-part Series Research Articles

Gendered Islamophobia in the Case of the Returning ISIS Women: A Canadian Narrative

In February 2019, the case of Shamima Begum, hit the headlines. Begum, one of the three East London girls who had left the UK for Syria in 2015, was located in a refugee camp in Syria. Tagged as an “ISIS bride,” Begum's case raised the profile of Muslim women who had voluntarily left their home countries to join the Islamic State and were now seeking to return. In this paper, I focus on the Canadian women returnees who were and, in some cases, remain wives of ISIS soldiers. I pay particular attention to how they are framed in the Canadian media and the audience response to their portrayals. Against a backdrop of the media's representation of these women, I examine the comments that audience members posted after a three-part series on the returning ISIS members was broadcast on the Global Television Network during the month of October 2018. Global TV is a 24/7 news channel that can be streamed online on various platforms. I contend that the construction of the returning wives and the responses the series elicited are reflective of the larger currents of racism and Islamophobia that circulate within Canadian society and that have become amplified since the inception of the War on Terror. However, they take on a distinct hue with respect to the framing of gendered agency and critically heighten the affective charge around the issue of returning ISIS fighters and the women who joined the movement. In this sense, the technology making online commenting possible has escalated the extent and intensity of Islamophobia. This article also seeks to demonstrate how Islamophobia is yoked to and animates an anti-government discourse. Thus, in contrast to Canada's projected national image as a benign, multicultural nation, the user-generated comments paint a picture of a white nation that is overrun with and taken advantage of by racialized minorities.

Scott Joplin: A Guide for Music Educators PART I—A Ragtime Life

Scott Joplin was an African American composer and pianist of singular merit and influence. Academic interest in Joplin has increased in recent years, leading to new discoveries about the composer’s activities, yet teaching materials have not been updated at the same pace as 21st-century findings. Joplin was an entrepreneur, a performer, and a teacher, yet his biography is often reduced to a “celebratory” narrative of a composer creating toe-tapping music for the masses. “A Ragtime Life,” the first article in a three-part series, presents a modern understanding of the biographical context which shaped Scott Joplin's music, thought, and practice. It also provides suggested classroom activities for exploring Joplin’s life and works written in accordance with NAfME’s 2014 National Music Standards.

A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum)

This report is third in a three-part clinical trial series screening potential treatments for Gulf War Illness (GWI). The goal of the project was to rapidly identify agents to prioritize for further efficacy research. We used a placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover design to test the effects of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Uritca dioica), and epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum) in 29 men with GWI. Participants completed 30 days of symptom reports for baseline, then a botanical line consisting of 30 days of placebo, followed by 30 days each of lower-dose and higher-dose botanical. After completing a botanical line, participants were randomized to complete the protocol with another botanical, until they completed three botanical trials. GWI symptom severity, pain, and fatigue were contrasted between the four conditions (baseline, placebo, lower-dose, higher dose) using linear mixed models. GWI symptom severity was unchanged from placebo in the reishi lower-dose condition (p = 0.603), and was higher in the higher-dose condition (p = 0.012). Symptom severity was not decreased from placebo with lower-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.604), but was significantly decreased with higher-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.048). Epimedium showed no significant decreases of GWI symptoms in the lower (p = 0.936) or higher (p = 0.183) dose conditions. Stinging nettle, especially at higher daily dosages, may help reduce the symptoms of GWI. Epimedium does not appear to beneficially affect GWI symptom severity, and reishi may exaggerate symptoms in some GWI sufferers. These results are in a small sample and are preliminary. Further research is required to determine if stinging nettle is indeed helpful for the treatment of GWI, and what dosage is optimal. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02909686).

Designing Scholarly Introductions as Jobs to Be Done

This is the first editorial commentary in a three-part series that addresses introductions, implications, and interestingness. The first, focusing on the introduction design, is about what the beginning of a paper should look like. The second, focusing on practice implications, is about what the end of a paper should look like. The third discusses how to develop and fit attention-grabbing ideas into the academic conversation in the literature. We hope this editorial series provides inspiration and ideas about publishing papers that people want to engage with.

Leveraging Online Learning to Promote Systems Thinking for Sustainable Food Systems Training in Dietetics Education.

Educating and training a multisectoral food systems workforce is a critical part of developing sustainable, resilient, and healthy food and water systems. This paper shares perspectives from a working group of educators, learners, and food systems subject matter experts that collaborated over the course of a year to develop, pilot test, and evaluate two interactive webinar series with a multi-site cohort of dietetics interns and graduate students. The three-part webinar series format included a training webinar, a practice activity, and a synthesis webinar. In reflecting on the effectiveness of this format, we provide direct assessments of student learning from subject matter experts alongside indirect assessments from pre- and post-surveys fielded with learners. Learners who participated in an interactive webinar series demonstrated skills in several dimensions of systems thinking and gained confidence in food systems learning outcomes. Learners also shared valuable feedback on the opportunities and challenges of using online platforms for this experience. As online learning opportunities become more common, it will become increasingly important for educators to prioritize strategies that effectively equip students with the higher-order thinking skills, such as systems thinking, needed to address the complexities of sustainable food systems. The interactive webinar series format described here provides an opportunity to leverage didactic webinars in combination with interactive experiences that enable learners to deepen their knowledge through practice with peers and subject matter experts. Though this format was piloted within dietetics education programs, many of the lessons learned are transferable to other food systems educational contexts.

Penile implant infection part 3: the changing spectrum of treatment.

Penile prosthesis infection remains a rare but devastating complication of implantation. Historically, management of device infection was always extirpation. While certainly effective, device removal leaves an unhappy patient with a shortened penis. In this last part of a three-part series on the topic of penile prosthesis infection, we seek to highlight new and emerging ideas of infection management which have allowed surgeons the option of preserving the implanted status in select patients.

Determining the level of evidence: Nonresearch evidence.

To support evidence-based nursing practice, the authors provide guidelines for nonresearch evidence, which includes clinical practice guidelines, consensus or position statements, literature review, expert opinion, organizational experience, case reports, community standards, clinician experience, and consumer preferences. This is the third in a three-part series.

COVID-19 and telehealth: Issues facing healthcare in a pandemic.

Providing safe nonemergent care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging for NPs. This article, the first of a three-part series, will overview telehealth and telemedicine and provide a brief history of the two. The benefits, challenges, and temporary changes due to COVID-19 will also be addressed.

Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agricultural Operation Management: Part III: Best Practices for Efficient Aerial Surveying

With the increasing use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in the agricultural domain, ensuring the consistency and completeness of aerial surveys is critical in order to establish repeatability and consistency in data collection activities. This publication covers five main steps to ensure that aerial data collections are repeatable and consistent among missions. It is one of a three-part series focusing on the applications, configuration, and best practices for using UASs in agricultural operations management. Written by Aditya Singh and James Fletcher, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, February 2021.

Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agricultural Operation Management: Part II: Platforms and Payloads

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs, UAVs, or drones) have emerged as an important tool for farmers, Extension agents, and landowners to map, monitor, and manage their properties. This 5-page publication provides an overview of the primary components of typical UASs to help growers, landowners, and/or Extension agents who want to configure and/or purchase a UAS or sensor system for agricultural operations. This document is one of a three-part series focusing on the applications, configuration, and best practices for using UASs in agricultural operations management. Written by Aditya Singh and James Fletcher, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, February 2021.

On the design of automatic voice condition analysis systems. Part III: review of acoustic modelling strategies

This is the third of a three-part series devoted to review the current state of the art of automatic voice condition analysis systems. A direct continuation to “On the design of automatic voice condition analysis systems. Part I: review of concepts and an insight to the state of the art” and to “On the design of automatic voice condition analysis systems. Part II: review of speaker recognition techniques and study on the effects of different variability factors” already published in this journal. The goal of this paper is to compile the most significant parameterisation approaches used in the literature for automatic voice condition analysis systems, along with a critical discussion about their usefulness, providing the user with a comprehensive review of the most important techniques used for acoustic modelling in the field. The paper presents the mathematical formulation and physical interpretation of a series of perturbation and fluctuation parameters, noise features, complexity based parameters, modulation spectra, morphological parameters, and spectral-cepstral coefficients; and is complemented with a library written in MATLAB®, which has been made available to the readers in an online software repository.

Children's Literature as a Front in the War on Terror: Ineffective Policy, Ineffective Literature

Morocco is often praised for its proactive and innovative CVE (countering violent extremism) programme. This article analyses a three-part Arabic-language book series, Maʿ Naṣir wa Basma [With Nasir and Basma], produced by an organ of the Moroccan religious bureaucracy, the Mohammedan League of Religious Scholars, that ostensibly seeks to discourage adolescents from being susceptible to recruitment to VE (violent extremist) organisations. Starring two young Moroccan children, these books portray jihadists as old, ridiculous, or inept and the main characters as in need of protection by a paternalistic state, leaving children, especially young men, underprepared for the recruiting efforts of such organisations. The books emphasise state intervention over child action, suggesting the books are directed more at Western investors in need of reassurance than at children, supporting the critique made by some observers that CVE is more about security theatre than preventing violence.

Eye care for children with learning disabilities 3: Outcomes of eye examinations and dissemination of information

In the final part of a three-part series focusing on the eye care needs of children with learning disabilities, Sonal Rughani and Lisa Donaldson consider both the importance of disseminating and of implementing the outcomes of the ophthalmic examination.

Determining the level of evidence: Nonexperimental research designs.

To support evidence-based nursing practice, the authors provide guidelines for appraising research based on quality, quantity, and consistency. This article, the second of a three-part series, focuses on nonexperimental research designs.

Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 1—The Steam Injecting and Recovering Aero Engine

Abstract Recognizing the attention currently devoted to the environmental impact of aviation, this three-part publication series introduces two new aircraft propulsion concepts for the timeframe beyond 2030. This first part focuses on the steam injecting and recovering aero engine (SIRA) concept. Exhaust heat generated steam is injected into the combustion chamber. By use of a condenser, installed behind the steam generator, the water is recovered from the exhaust gas–steam mixture. Both lead to a noticeable increase in specific power compared to a conventional gas turbine and, foremost, to a significant increase in thermodynamic efficiency. The proposed concept is expected to reduce fuel burn and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by about 15% and nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation can be almost completely avoided compared to state-of-the-art engines of the same technology level. Moreover, the described concept has the potential to drastically reduce or even avoid the formation of condensation trails. Thus, the SIRA concept operated with sustainable aviation fuels offers the potential for climate-neutral aviation. Based on consistent thermodynamic descriptions, preliminary designs and initial performance studies, the potentials of the concepts are analyzed. Complementarily, a detailed discussion on concrete engineering solutions considers the implementation into aircraft. Finally, the impact on emissions is outlined.

Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 3—Experimental Demonstration of Technological Feasibility

Abstract Recognizing the attention currently devoted to the environmental impact of aviation, this three-part publication series introduces two new aircraft propulsion concepts for the timeframe beyond 2030. The first part focuses on the novel steam injecting and recovering aero engine concept. In the second part, the free-piston composite cycle engine (FP-CCE) concept is presented. Complementary to the two technical publications, this third part describes the cooperative project, which was initiated by an interdisciplinary consortium, aiming at the demonstration and the proof-of-concept of both aforementioned aero engine concepts. At the beginning of the project, simulations on propulsion, aircraft system, and test bench level will be conducted. On this basis, preliminary tests and fundamental experiments are planned in order to establish a solid basis for the demonstration. Finally, a system demonstration will be carried out at the laboratory level. Thus, the project allows for a final judgment on both the feasibility of the new concepts and the attainability of the requirements for future aircraft propulsion systems.

Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 2—The Free-Piston Composite Cycle Engine

Abstract Recognizing the attention currently devoted to the environmental impact of aviation, this three-part publication series introduces two new aircraft propulsion concepts for the timeframe beyond 2030. This second part presents the free-piston composite cycle engine concept. It is composed of a gas turbine topped with a free-piston system. The latter is a self-powered gas generator in which the internal combustion process drives an integrated air compressor. Here, several free-piston engines replace the high-pressure core of the gas turbine. Through the ability to work at much higher temperatures and pressures, the overall system efficiency can be increased significantly, and fuel burn as well as CO2 emissions reduce. The proposed free-piston composite cycle engine design is described in detail, and the sources of thermodynamic benefits are stated. Concrete engineering solutions consider the implementation into an aircraft. The free-piston design enables lower weight and size compared to a crankshaft-bound piston engine, as no mechanical transmission and lubrication system is required. The absence of a crankshaft and connecting rods eliminates reactive forces, reduces mechanical losses, and allows higher mean piston velocities. Facilitated through air lubrication, higher cylinder temperatures are viable. The reduction of heat losses enables cooling of the piston-cylinder with core fluid. The use of a sequential combustion chamber can enhance operability and tailor the production of NOx in low-altitude operation. A discussion of emissions affecting the environment shows the potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation.

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part III: Design

Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other major social and environmental problems pose severe risks. Progress has been inadequate and scientists, global policy experts, and the general public increasingly conclude that transformational change is needed across all sectors of society in order to improve and maintain social and ecological wellbeing. At least two paths to transformation are conceivable: (1) reform of and innovation within existing societal systems (e.g., economic, legal, and governance systems); and (2) the de novo development of and migration to new and improved societal systems. This paper is the final in a three-part series of concept papers that together outline a novel science-driven research and development program aimed at the second path. It summarizes literature to build a narrative on the topic of de novo design of societal systems. The purpose is to raise issues, suggest design possibilities, and highlight directions and questions that could be explored in the context of this or any R&D program aimed at new system design. This paper does not present original research, but rather provides a synthesis of selected ideas from the literature. Following other papers in the series, a society is viewed as a superorganism and its societal systems as a cognitive architecture. Accordingly, a central goal of design is to improve the collective cognitive capacity of a society, rendering it more capable of achieving and sustainably maintaining vitality. Topics of attention, communication, self-identity, power, and influence are discussed in relation to societal cognition and system design. A prototypical societal system is described, and some design considerations are highlighted.

The Lisbon Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement imaging-part 2: general issues, parameters, and reporting.

Imaging assessment for the clinical management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is controversial because of a paucity of evidence-based guidance and notable variability among practitioners. Hence, expert consensus is needed because standardised imaging assessment is critical for clinical practice and research. We aimed to establish expert-based statements on FAI imaging by using formal methods of consensus building. The Delphi method was used to formally derive consensus among 30 panel members from 13 countries. Forty-four questions were agreed upon, and relevant seminal literature was circulated and classified in major topics to produce answering statements. The level of evidence was noted for all statements, and panel members were asked to score their level of agreement (0-10). This is the second part of a three-part consensus series and focuses on 'General issues' and 'Parameters and reporting'. Forty-seven statements were generated and group consensus was reached for 45. Twenty-five statements pertaining to 'General issues' (9 addressing diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and postoperative imaging) and 'Parameters and reporting' (16 addressing femoral/acetabular parameters) were produced. The available evidence was reviewed critically, recommended criteria for diagnostic imaging highlighted, and the roles/values of different imaging parameters assessed. Radiographic evaluation (AP pelvis and a Dunn 45° view) is the cornerstone of hip-imaging assessment and the minimum imaging study that should be performed when evaluating adult patients for FAI. In most cases, cross-sectional imaging is warranted because MRI is the 'gold standard' imaging modality for the comprehensive evaluation, differential diagnosis assessment, and FAI surgical planning. • Diagnostic imaging for FAI is not standardised due to scarce evidence-based guidance on which imaging modalities and diagnostic criteria/parameters should be used. • Radiographic evaluation is the cornerstone of hip assessment and the minimum study that should be performed when assessing suspected FAI. Cross-sectional imaging is justified in most cases because MRI is the 'gold standard' modality for comprehensive FAI evaluation. • For acetabular morphology, coverage (Wiberg's angle and acetabular index) and version (crossover, posterior wall, and ischial spine signs) should be assessed routinely. On the femoral side, the head-neck junction morphology (α° and offset), neck morphology (NSA), and torsion should be assessed.

Southern Religion in the World: Three Stories by Paul Harvey

Reviewed by: Southern Religion in the World: Three Stories by Paul Harvey Hilde Løvdal Stephens Southern Religion in the World: Three Stories. By Paul Harvey. George H. Shriver Lecture Series in Religion in American History. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2019. Pp. xiv, 104. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-5592-4; cloth, $99.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-5572-6.) Southern Religion in the World: Three Stories is based on a three-part lecture series Paul Harvey delivered at Stetson University in 2018. Harvey’s book follows others in the George H. Shriver Lecture Series in Religion in American History by scholars Eddie S. Glaude Jr. and Deborah Dash Moore. Southern religion is often thought of as existing in a peculiarly regional, perhaps isolated, culture. But as Harvey points out, southern religion is interconnected with global trends. And it is not just one thing. Harvey chooses to highlight the diversity of southern religion: the mysticism and cosmopolitanism of Howard W. Thurman; the mainstream Protestantism of missionary Frank W. Price; and the Pentecostalism of musicians Rosetta Tharpe and Johnny Cash. Harvey tells the story of how these three different versions of southern religion have engaged with, been shaped by, and influenced the world in different ways. Harvey starts off with Frank Price, a liberal Protestant missionary to China. To Harvey, Price is an example of missionaries who have been more successful “in transforming America than in converting souls abroad” (p. 6). Harvey follows Price’s close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. The two, Harvey notes, spoke the same language linguistically and politically. They grew up in the same region of China, and they shared a political language of “Wilsonian idealism and religious progressivism, the very direction that American missions moved in during the first third of the twentieth century” (p. 7). But theirs was not a straightforward relationship, Harvey writes, and he takes the reader on a fascinating journey throughout the 1940s and 1950s, as Chiang grew closer to the staunchly anticommunist evangelical movement after the 1949 revolution. The chapter on Howard Thurman is set outside the United States as well, but it focuses on how Thurman translated Mahatma Gandhi’s view of nonviolence [End Page 140] to the American civil rights struggle. On a trip to India in the mid-1930s, Harvey writes, Thurman continually had to answer questions about his Christian faith while living in a racist society. But he gained a vision of interracial Christianity and a mysticism that would nurture the soul of civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. The last chapter is less about the impact the world had on the American South and more about how southern music became the soundtrack of the world. Harvey chronicles how Tharpe and Cash, and to a lesser extent Levon Helm, brought regional and religious styles of music to an international audience. The musicians gained a large following and turned the music of the Sanctified churches of the American South into a global phenomenon, bringing southern biblical literalism and the theme of sin and redemption to new audiences. Southern Religion in the World is a short book, at ninety-one pages of main text. But it successfully offers up vignettes to explore broader themes in American religious history. Each chapter is a great starting point to discuss the relationship between personal choices and wider connections; local, national, and global developments; and ideas of where religion starts and ends. Hilde Løvdal Stephens University of South-Eastern Norway Copyright © 2021 The Southern Historical Association