Three-level Framework Research Articles

Anomaly Detection via Midlevel Visual Attributes

Automatically discovering anomalous events and objects from surveillance videos plays an important role in real-world application and has attracted considerable attention in computer vision community. However it is still a challenging issue. In this paper, a novel approach for automatic anomaly detection is proposed. Our approach is highly efficient; thus it can perform real-time detection. Furthermore, it can also handle multiscale detection and can cope with spatial and temporal anomalies. Specifically, local features capturing both appearance and motion characteristics of videos are extracted from spatiotemporal video volume (STV). To bridge the large semantic gap between low-level visual feature and high-level event, we use the middle-level visual attributes as the intermediary. And these three-level framework is modeled as an extreme learning machine (ELM). We propose to use the spatiotemporal pyramid (STP) to capture the spatial and temporal continuity of an anomalous even, enabling our approach to cope with multiscale and complicated events. Furthermore, we propose a method to efficiently update the ELM; thus our approach is self-adaptive to background change which often occurs in real-world application. Experiments on several datasets are carried out and the superior performance of our approach compared to the state-of-the-art approaches verifies its effectiveness.

Nuclear energy, responsible risk communication and moral emotions: a three level framework

Communication about nuclear risks is treacherous territory, especially after Fukushima, requiring not only considerations about effectiveness, but also about ethical legitimacy. In this paper, a three-level framework of morally responsible risk communication is developed, focusing on the procedure, the message and the effects of risk communication. This gives rise to three conditions of ethically responsible risk communication: it requires a legitimate procedure, an ethically justified risk message and concern for and evaluation of the effects of the message and procedure. The role of emotions, such as sympathy, empathy and feelings or responsibility, is emphasized as a key to addressing and explicating moral values at these three levels. Emotions point out moral aspects of risks such as justice, fairness and autonomy. This framework can shed important new light on morally responsible communication about nuclear risks. The first condition of this framework requires that the procedure of communication is participatory, in order to include the relevant moral emotions and values concerning nuclear energy of all stakeholders. A legitimate procedure does not guarantee an ethically justified message concerning nuclear risks. For this reason, the second condition requires an ethical deliberation of the message and the values and emotions entailed in it. Finally, the third condition requires a moral evaluation of the effects of risk communication concerning nuclear energy. A successful risk communication effort triggers reflection, compassion and a willingness to take responsibility for energy-related issues. Problematic effects of risk communication can be a lack of trust or a sense of hopelessness and passivity. Evaluating all three levels from a moral point of view should be done in an iterative way, allowing possible revisions and improvements. Considering the high stakes and current stalemates in the nuclear debate, the suggested model provides a promising, constructive and morally legitimate way forward.

Timing together, acting together. Phenomenology of intersubjective temporality and social cognition

In this article I consider how the problem of social (intersubjective) cognition relates to time-consciousness. In the first part, I briefly introduce Husserl’s account of intersubjective cognition. I discuss the concept of empathy (Einfuhlung) and its relation with time-consciousness. I argue that empathy is based on pre-reflective awareness of the other’s harmony of behaviour. In the second part, I distinguish pre-reflective (passive) and reflective (active) empathy and consider recent empirical research in the field of social cognition. I argue that these levels of empathy are related with different levels of intersubjective temporality. By the intersubjective temporality I do not understand being in the same moment of objective time (so called clock time) but rather the shared experience of time and sharing temporal structure of actions. In the final part, I gather my considerations together and propose a general three-level framework of intersubjective temporality.

Measuring critical success factors of TQM implementation successfully – a systematic literature review

In times of globalisation and international trade, the concept of total quality management (TQM) as a strategy to enhance organisational performance is growing in importance. To exploit the benefits provided by TQM, organisations must manage the complex implementation process successfully. Therefore, organisations need to measure critical success factors (CSFs) when introducing TQM. However, previous research has developed a plethora of measurement instruments and researchers do not agree on certain factors or on one single measurement instrument. A systematic literature review is conducted to structure and clarify the scattered research field. The analysis of 145 studies reveals that CSFs can be classified into 11 distinct dimensions. The article proposes a three-level framework and a holistic set of measurement instruments to help researchers and managers measure each critical dimension in a timely and comprehensive manner. A focus group consisting of six quality managers validated these results. The study concludes with further findings and future research. Deficiencies of current measurements are presented and the article discusses the finding that human related factors are regarded as highly relevant but have remained low on many researchers’ and practitioners’ agendas. Hence, this article is a major contribution to structure the complex research field of measuring CSFs of TQM implementation.

Efficient Semi-Supervised Feature Selection: Constraint, Relevance, and Redundancy

This paper describes a three-level framework for semi-supervised feature selection. Most feature selection methods mainly focus on finding relevant features for optimizing high-dimensional data. In this paper, we show that the relevance requires two important procedures to provide an efficient feature selection in the semi-supervised context. The first one concerns the selection of pairwise constraints that can be extracted from the labeled part of data. The second procedure aims to reduce the redundancy that could be detected in the selected relevant features. For the relevance, we develop a filter approach based on a constrained Laplacian score. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the efficiency of our proposal in comparison with several representative methods.

Future transport systems: long-term visions and socio-technical transitions

Long-term, system-level foresight is needed when grand challenges are addressed in the transport sector. This paper explores how socio-technical transitions can be anticipated and taken into account in strategic transport planning. Techniques to integrate long-term foresight and understanding of socio-technical change in the transport system to support long-term transport policy targets are introduced. The proposed approach extends and combines transport system vision building to analysis of system-level changes on a three-level framework. It presents a novel, policy relevant application in the field of socio-technical transitions. The case is demonstrated with a vision of a safe and secure Finnish transport system in 2100. First, a consistent transport system vision was created with transport experts and authorities using a structured vision building process. Second, key topics involved in the transition from the existing socio-technical system to the envisioned future were analysed using the three-level framework. The demonstration proved successful, and it has contributed to the understanding of importance of the shared long-term perspective in transport system decision-making and strategic planning. It has also generated wider discussion on transport system visions, desired futures paths as well as measures and changes required among the Finnish transport systems stakeholders.

Employees' Evaluation of Mandatory IS Change and Affective Commitment to Change

Information systems need to be evolved constantly for an organization to compete and survive. To gain employees' support for mandatory IS change initiatives in post- implementation phase, it is important to foster their affective commitment to the change. However, little research has been done to investigate the issue. As one of the early attempts, this paper is aimed to explore how employees assess a mandatory IS change at post-implementation phase and thereby develop their affective commitment to the change. Specifically, through integrating the three-level framework of equity implementation model and perceived IT innovation characteristics, we derive a conceptual model on users' evaluation of IS change and its relation to their affective commitment to the change. By recognizing that use of a prior system could be a major source of users' resistance, the model also explicitly takes into account influences of using the prior IS. On top of that, this study offers important practical implications about how...

The Color System Generation of Urban Buildings in the Tibetan-Inhabited Area Based on the Protection of Religious Color System — Taking the Old Urban Area in Xiahe County, Gansu Province as an Example

This paper focuses on the study of the color system composition in small and mid-sized towns in the Tibetan-inhabited area with the respect of the Tibetan Buddhism culture and the infusion of many other foreign cultures as a starting point. By means of the deduction related to Munsell Color System and color geography, it intends to find a kind of urban color system which is from religion but not the same as the one concerning religion. It aims at exploring the thoughts about the controlling and planning of urban color in the Tibetan-inhabited area and establishing a complete three-level color system framework so as to protect the color composition of the Labrang Monastery comprehensively as well as effectively guide the choices and structures of colors related to urban buildings in the old urban area in Xiahe County, Gansu Province.

Research on Software Framework for Sport E-Government Development Platform

Sport E-government platform is an important means to share sports information resource, to promote sport administration and sport management information, to strengthen sport events management and sport venue construction. For the status of software development in platform building process, this paper studies software framework. First, according to the standards and norms of the national E-government construction, combines with the experience of the sport E-government construction, researches software functional framework; Second, researches SSH-MVC technical framework for developers to accomplish specific business processes on top of the frame; Finally, researches three-level security framework consisted by client, Web server, enterprise-grade information system. The content of this study, improves the level of sport E-government, reduces the technical requirements of developers, changes the traditional software development model.

Promotion of a healthy public living environment: participatory design of public toilets with visually impaired persons

ObjectivesThe principal objective of a healthy living environment is to improve the quality of everyday life. Visually impaired persons (VIPs) encounter many difficulties in everyday life through a series of barriers, particularly in relation to public toilets. This study aimed to explore the concerns of VIPs in accessing public toilets, and identify methods for improvement. Considerations about user participation are also discussed. Study designAdopting a case study approach, VIPs were invited to participate in the research process. MethodsIn addition to in-depth interviews and field visits, models and a simulated full-scale environment were produced to facilitate the VIPs to voice their opinions. ResultsThe key findings indicate that the design of public toilets for promoting public health should be considered and tackled from a three-level framework: plain, line and point. Governments, professionals and the public need to consider the quality of public toilets in terms of policy, implementation and management. ConclusionsVIPs have the right to access public toilets. Governments and professionals should respect the particular needs and concerns of VIPs. A three-level framework (plain, line and point) is required to consider the needs of VIPs in accessing public toilets, and user participation is a good way to reveal the actual needs of VIPs.

A Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Product Named Entity Recognition

A semi-supervised approach based on a three-level framework for product named entity recognition is presented.The structure features and relationships among different parts of product named entities are studied,and a combined method is applied.A hidden conditional random field model is built so as to utilize the hidden status of learned samples.The labels failed to be learned by the bootstrapping algorithm is considered as hidden statuses.Experiment in digital camera area shows that,with only a few manually labeled data,this method could recognize product named entities from text contents of web pages very well.

Literature Review of Supply Chain Flexibility: A Value Configurations'Perspective

This paper performs a conceptual framework review of supply chain flexibility, value configurations analysis, as well as their practical application in supply chains facing dynamically changing environment. Beginning from intra-organization processes in chain level and inter-organization relationships in network level, it then turns to a supply chain system level of framework, which includes both sequential processand reciprocal layered partnership-focus, with a feedback loop. Following this three-level conceptual framework, it finds that value configurations, which explicitly incorporate competitive advantage into supply chain flexibility constructs, is a useful tool to explore in-depth management of dynamic supply chains.

Digital Storytelling Viewed though a Post-process Lens: Reflections from the Fulbright-Hays 2010 China Seminar

Post-process theory asserts that writing is public, interpretive, and situated and considers the larger social and political forces that affect a writer. Writing is viewed as a cultural activity by which writers position and reposition themselves in relation to their own and others’ subjectivities, discourses, practices, and institutions. Digital storytelling shifts writing from private to public. This qualitative study investigates the process of constructing and publically sharing digital stories by teachers who participated in the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad 2010 China Seminar. The digital stories from the China Seminar were examined using Bradley’s (1995) three-level framework for evaluating levels of reflection. Raters ranked the digital stories, focusing particularly on the evidence of insights about China and Chinese culture, indications of multiple perspectives, and suggestions of new meaning derived from the reflective process. Links to examples of narrative stories at each stage of reflection are in the paper, which uses postmodern and narrative theory to consider narrative representation as it relates to self-construction and revealing self.

Taking Stock of Parent Education in the Family Courts: Envisioning a Public Health Approach

The paper reviewed the development and current status of the parent education movement in the Family Courts. Parent education programs are now being implemented in courts throughout the United States and have a high level of public acceptance; however, a stronger research methodology to evaluate the effects and continued work to align the goals with the content and teaching strategies of these programs are needed. A new conceptual framework is proposed for parent education, which views divorce as a public health problem for children as well as a legal issue. The three-level framework uses concepts from public health to align the goals, content and format of parent education programs and to enable rigorous evaluations of the outcomes achieved by these programs.

A Multilevel Perspective of Tensions Between Knowledge Management and Social Media

In this article, we discuss the tensions that are perceived in organizations as the use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter challenge past approaches to knowledge management initiatives in organizations. We address these perceived tensions using a three-level conceptual framework: the macro- (organizational) level, the meso- (group) level, and the micro- (individual) level. In our discussion, we posit that perceived tensions arise when managers seek to maintain their traditional roles at the macro- (organization) level, yet social media affordances enable these roles to be performed at the micro- (individual level) and mesolevels. Shifts in the extent of the meso-level connections beyond the immediate organizational boundaries enable a wider community of practice than before. As a consequence, traditional management roles may give way to more flexible roles, with greater individual responsibilities for control and more sense-making and knowledge access taking place at the mesolevel. Our contribution is three-fold. In our article, we examine four key organizational factors (roles, ownership, control, and value) using a three-level conceptual model; associate the perceived tensions that arise in organizations with implicit shifts in these variables that accompany the use of social media; and suggest that shifts in emphasis in roles and control at each level can be instrumental in resolving perceived tensions as knowledge management efforts encompass social media.

A multi-level framework to guide mental health response following a natural disaster

Abstract Natural disasters can cause significant distress, grief, loss and hardship, and mental health is a key public health issue that needs to be addressed as part of a wider psychosocial response to assist affected communities. Most people who live through a natural disaster, including bereaved individuals, will not require the attention of specialist mental health professionals. In addition, because many people will cope or ‘bounce back’ on their own and with the support of others, we should be careful to not interfere with the natural coping processes of community members. In the aftermath of the Victorian bushfires in Australia in 2009, a three-level framework was developed that outlined three levels of response to enhance the capacity of lay community members as well as health and welfare personnel to provide evidence-informed care, support and interventions.

The 38th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture Why we need cognitive explanations of autism

In the 70 years since autism was described and named there have been huge changes in the conceptualization of this enigmatic condition. This review takes a personal perspective on the history of autism research. The origins of the first cognitive theories of autism, theory of mind and weak central coherence, are discussed and updated to inform future developments. Selected experimental findings are interpreted in the historical context of changes that have been brought about by advances in methodology. A three-level framework graphically illustrates a causal chain between brain, mind, and behaviour to facilitate the identification of phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognition is placed at the centre of the diagram to reveal that it can link together brain and behaviour, when there are complex multiple mappings between the different levels.

What Do We Know About Gangs and Gang Members and Where Do We Go From Here?

This review provides an opportunity to assess the current state of gang research and suggest directions for its future. There has been a dramatic increase in research on gangs, gang members, and gang behavior since the early 1990s, making this review especially timely. We use Short’s three-level framework of explanation to organize the findings of prior research, focusing on individual-, micro-, and macro-level research. Attention is focused on the findings of such research, but we also examine theoretical and methodological developments as well. Drawing from Short and life-course research, we introduce a cross-level temporal framework to guide future directions in gang research.

Perspective

In response to historical criticism, evolving accreditation standards, and recent reports on curricula, medical educators and medical schools have been eagerly pursuing integration as a goal of curricular reform. The general education literature broadly considers integration to be the deliberate unification of separate areas of knowledge, and it provides support for the concept that integration better meets the needs of adult learners in professional education. The use of integration as a curricular goal is not without its critics, however, nor is it free of difficulties in implementation. In this perspective, the authors propose that most of these difficulties arise from a failure to recognize that integration is a strategy for curricular development rather than a goal in itself, and they argue that adopting a systematic approach to integration offers many potential benefits. They articulate the conceptual and practical issues that they believe are critical to consider in order to achieve successful curricular integration, and they suggest that integration should be approached as a subset of broader curriculum development decisions. They propose a three-level framework for applying integration as a guiding curricular strategy, in which decisions about integration must follow curricular decisions made at the program level, the course level, and then the individual session level.

A three-level framework for affective content analysis and its case studies

Emotional factors directly reflect audiences' attention, evaluation and memory. Recently, video affective content analysis attracts more and more research efforts. Most of the existing methods map ...