Three-level Framework Research Articles

Integrating HPV vaccine service delivery with adolescent health programmes – Experiences and perspectives from selected countries in Africa

Primary prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is particularly important in Africa, where there is a high and accelerating burden of cervical cancer. Stakeholders have increasingly called for integration of other services with HPV vaccination in low- and middle-income countries, yet successful and sustainable integration requires intensive resource inputs, and few countries in Africa have tested integrated approaches. We describe co-author experience and previously published assessments to present the experiences of four African countries, Senegal, Togo, Tanzania, and Lesotho, with integrating HPV vaccine services with other programmes and services. The resulting case series explores how countries are operationalizing the concept of integration and describes contextual factors for success and sustainability. A simple three-level framework for describing HPV vaccine integrated service delivery has emerged to guide future endeavors.

Machine learning in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis — A knowledge-integrated framework

In this study, we propose to adopt a novel framework, Knowledge-integrated Machine Learning, for advancing Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) development. Given the significance of PEMWE in green hydrogen production and the inherent challenges in optimizing its performance, our framework aims to provide a systematic overview of incorporating data-driven models with domain-specific insights to address the domain challenges. We first identify the uncertainties originating from data acquisition conditions, data-driven model mechanisms, and domain expertise, highlighting their complementary characteristics in carrying information from different perspectives. Building upon this foundation, we showcase how to adeptly decompose knowledge and extract unique information to contribute to the data augmentation, modeling process, and knowledge discovery. We demonstrate a hierarchical three-level framework, termed the ”Ladder of Knowledge-integrated Machine Learning,” in the PEMWE context, applying it to three case studies within a context of cell degradation analysis to affirm its efficacy in interpolation, extrapolation, and information representation. Initial results demonstrate improvements in interpolation accuracy by up to 30%, robustness in extrapolation by enhancing predictive stability across varied operational conditions, and enriched information representation that supports autonomous knowledge discovery. This research lays the groundwork for more knowledge-informed enhancements in ML applications in engineering.

The Practice of Post-Handover Party Interactions between Hong Kong and Taiwan

Abstract This article applies a three-level framework based on the logic of ontological security to the case of party interactions between Hong Kong and Taiwan in the post-handover years. Rather than through domestication and subversion, as the literature suggests, this article argues that liminal actors enhance their ontological security through interacting with like-minded partners. Establishing the case of liminality for Hong Kong and Taiwan, this article also finds that both conventional and movement parties in the two political units interacted to strengthen their stable sense of self. However, their practices differed based on their political positions within the political systems and their available resources. This article provides the first empirical mapping of the conventional party interactions between Hong Kong and Taiwan. It seeks to contribute a theoretical framework explaining the close links between political units and their movements.

Democratising participatory health promotion: power and knowledge involved in engaging European adolescents in childhood obesity prevention

Public policy aimed at preventing undesired phenomena has increasingly sought to engage representatives of the target population. Little is known, however, about how power dynamics function to shape the processes and outcomes of risk governance engagement interventions. In order to study the ways in which, and the extent to which, power differentials can be reduced in participatory health promotion initiatives, we develop a conceptual framework synthetising theories of participatory action, phenomenology and governmentality. Based on the empirical research into youth participation in the EU project CO-CREATE, involving 15–19-year-old adolescents in five European countries (2019–2021), we show that diverse forms of knowledge may become available in engagement interventions. We analyse the use and relative inclusion and exclusion of these different forms of knowledge in terms of a three-level framework of different depths of democratisation in participatory health promotion: risk management, risk definition and risk negotiation. Advanced democratisation can only be achieved if risk negotiation is carried out in ways which embrace and encourage a range of different, and potentially conflicting forms of knowing.

Development of an Industrial Symbiosis Framework through Digitalization in the Context of Industry 4.0

Environmental degradation and stringent business regulations require wider sustainable manufacturing practices by bringing the waste/unused resources back into mainstream production. Implementation of collaborative manufacturing – industrial symbiosis – approach is recognized as an effective strategy in the globalized industry 4.0 environment. Industry 4.0 technologies with intertwined supply chain add to the complexity but offer the possibility of breaking the geographical boundaries as the current industrial symbiosis is heavily location dependent. The paper proposes an industrial symbiosis framework based on Industry 4.0 enabling technologies and scalable to global level. A three-level framework is proposed showing the corresponding industry 4.0 technologies at each level. The proposed symbiosis framework and further development of Industry 4.0 technologies-based architecture shows the capability of using the technologies for wider collaboration and faster achievement of sustainable goals. The horizontal integration capability of industrial symbiosis is inferred from the literature. The current industrial understanding and the level of implementation maturity is comprehended from the analysis of digitalization tools and platforms discussed for industrial symbiosis. The work carries forward the industry 4.0 research and its further extension to fifth generation with human resource knowledge sharing at its core.

Digital capability requirements and improvement strategies: Organizational socialization of AI teammates

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enter organizations and become AI teammates in organizational teams, posing new challenges to organizational form, team management, and team working patterns. Establishing an efficient "human-AI team" requires an organization and its members to have superior digital capabilities and develop effective capability improvement strategies to realize the organizational socialization process of AI. In this paper, we adopt the Design Research (DR) approach in building a Human-AI Collaboration Platform (HACP) in a work team, integrating AI teammates based on HACP, and optimizing the platform and human-AI collaboration. Considering organizational digital capabilities as one of the core components, we propose a three-level framework of digitalization capabilities for individuals, organizations, and across organizations, as well as the enhancement strategies of such capabilities. Besides, we clarify the foundation of digitalization capabilities and design, implement, and verify the enhancement strategies. The construction and successful implementation of the HACP in our study verify the effectiveness of the proposed capability framework and provide principle guidance for organizations to implement effective strategies to improve digital capabilities to facilitate the organizational socialization of AI teammates.

Constructing the literary translator as a brand

Abstract Recent attention to the human aspects of translation and translators (e.g., Pym 2009; Kaindl et al. 2021) has resulted in a possible “human turn” (Bergantino 2022, 7) in translation studies, which brings new questions and avenues for researchers working in the subdomain of translator studies. Against this backdrop, this article first constructs the concept of ‘the translator’s brand’ for investigating the evolution of literary translators into prominent status. It then outlines a three-level framework of brand-building to analyse the personal development of individual literary translators. Combining the transferrable points from the brand-related literature with the Bourdieusian sociology of cultural production, it argues that the formation of a literary translator’s brand can be analysed from intra-field (brand input), inter-field (brand investment) and inter-cultural (brand reception) levels. Lastly, the application of this methodological framework is demonstrated in a case study of a prominent Chinese-English literary translator in science fiction, Ken Liu, in the twenty-first century.

Negotiating normativities of gender, sexuality and the family in gay parents’ small stories

AbstractThis article considers how two gay male parents negotiate normative discourses of gender, sexuality and the family in an interview context. Employing a three-level framework for exploring narratives-in-interaction, the micro-linguistic analysis identifies and unravels two gay parents’ multiple layers of self- and other- positioning through their telling of ‘small stories’. The findings support insights from existing sociological and psychological research to some degree, showing how these parents’ liminal situation amidst multiple and intersecting normative discourses can lead to conflict as they work to position themselves as partners, parents, and gay men. However, the analysis also reveals new insights about the specific and nuanced forms such conflict can take, depending on individuals’ circumstances and experiences. The findings suggest that everyday encounters are important sites for the (re)constitution of such normative discourses, and that the small stories parents tell about these encounters can be important resources for making sense of their lives in relation to broader social norms and structures.

Does the ferry sector need soft total quality management practices? Evidence from an Italian ferry company

PurposeThe study aims to deepen existing knowledge on the specific role of soft total quality management (TQM) practices in the ferry sector. Over the last decade, TQM practices have been thoroughly restructured, allowing us to develop an appropriate framework through which the relevance of each practice to this particular sector can be explained.Design/methodology/approachA narrative case study has been conducted to enhance the quality orientation and soft TQM practices adopted by a medium-sized company in the ferry sector.FindingsThe study identifies five soft TQM practices that offer valuable contributions in terms of quality orientation. These are organised into a configurational and systemic approach according to a three-level framework. At the macro level, a customer-orientated approach is paramount, as this orientation clearly points out the fundamental values of TQM. Coherently, at the micro-level, employees should be trained, involved, and empowered to truly internalise and behave according to a quality orientation. At the meso-level, dedicated leadership should support these practices and foster their effectiveness across the organisational structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is related to its narrative analysis. More empirically-grounded research should be used in the future to test the validity of the model.Practical implicationsTQM practices can leverage soft aspects, finding mutual integrations and offering reciprocal support if a bundle of practices is enforced and co-present across several layers of an organisational structure.Originality/valueThe model offers a configurational approach to help the ferry sector in leveraging soft TQM practices to implement TQM initiatives successfully. This is subject to external contingencies and thus requires adaptability and flexibility.

Stochastic optimal scheduling of electric vehicles charge/discharge modes of operation with the aim of microgrid flexibility and efficiency enhancement

This paper proposes a three-level planning strategy for managing and optimizing electric vehicles (EVs) grid to vehicle/vehicle to grid (G2V/V2G) modes of operation with the aim of flexibility and efficiency enhancement in smart microgrids (SMs). In this three-level framework, G2V/V2G prices are determined via a non-cooperative game theory established between different entities including distribution company (DISCO), parking lots (PLs) and EV owners. Moreover, time-of-use (TOU) based demand response program (DRP) is utilized to increase the efficiency of the MG. In this approach, G2V/V2G modes of EVs in the electricity market is considered as a kind of commodity and EV’s V2G mode is utilized to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the MG. The transactions are done under the supervision of distribution system operator (DSO) on clearing prices. In addition to technical and economic issues, range anxiety (RA) is considered as an effective factor of participating EV owners in DR programs. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been evaluated via numerous simulation studies. The results show that the flexibility and efficiency of the MG increase by 0.29% and 67.37% using the proposed three-level framework compared to DRP case study, respectively.

How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway.

Wearable sensors facilitate the evaluation of gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment, often with observation periods spanning weeks, months, and even years. Data supporting the minimal duration of sensor wear, which is necessary to capture representative variability in impairment measures, are needed to balance patient burden, data quality, and study cost. Prior investigations have examined the duration required for resolving a variety of movement variables (e.g., gait speed, sit-to-stand tests), but these studies use differing methodologies and have only examined a small subset of potential measures of gait and balance impairment. Notably, postural sway measures have not yet been considered in these analyses. Here, we propose a three-level framework for examining this problem. Difference testing and intra-class correlations (ICC) are used to examine the agreement in features computed from potential wear durations (levels one and two). The association between features and established patient reported outcomes at each wear duration is also considered (level three) for determining the necessary wear duration. Utilizing wearable accelerometer data continuously collected from 22 persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) for 6 weeks, this framework suggests that 2 to 3 days of monitoring may be sufficient to capture most of the variability in gait and sway; however, longer periods (e.g., 3 to 6 days) may be needed to establish strong correlations to patient-reported clinical measures. Regression analysis indicates that the required wear duration depends on both the observation frequency and variability of the measure being considered. This approach provides a framework for evaluating wear duration as one aspect of the comprehensive assessment, which is necessary to ensure that wearable sensor-based methods for capturing gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment are fit for purpose.

Socioeconomic risk markers of congenital Zika syndrome: a nationwide, registry-based study in Brazil

While it is well known that socioeconomic markers are associated with a higher risk of arbovirus infections, research on the relationship between socioeconomic factors and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) remains...

The importance of humanizing AI: using a behavioral lens to bridge the gaps between humans and machines

One of the biggest challenges in Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and application is the lack of consideration for human enhancement as a cornerstone for its operationalization. Nor is there a universally accepted approach that guides best practices in this field. However, the behavioral science field offers suggestions on how to develop a sustainable and enriching relationship between humans and intelligent machines. This paper provides a three-level (micro, meso and macro) framework on how to humanize AI with the intention of enhancing human properties and experiences. It argues that humanizing AI will help make intelligent machines not just more efficient but will also make their application more ethical and human-centric. Suggestions to policymakers, organizations, and developers are made on how to implement this framework to fix existing issues in AI and create a more symbiotic relationship between humans and machines moving into the future.

Shared Situational Awareness within the Hospital Emergency Context: A Scoping Review.

Background. Shared Situation Awareness (SSA) has been applied in many fields such as sport, the military and aviation with promising outcomes on team performance. The application of SSA within the hospital emergency healthcare context has not been explored yet. The aim of this scoping review is to explore and map literature related to shared situational awareness within the hospital emergency healthcare context. Methods. The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework was used in which three electronic databases were searched for evidence investigating SSA within a hospital emergency healthcare context. Results. A review of the literature showed a clear lack of evidence that directly investigates SSA within the context of hospital emergency care. In the emergency medical field, the term SSA is seldom used and ‘team situation awareness’ is the most frequently used term. The most common framework was the three-level framework. Two techniques were reported in the selected studies to investigate SSA (1) freeze probe technique and (2) observer-based rating technique. The freeze probe technique mandates a simulation or artificial environment, while the observer-based rating technique could be applied in an ecological as well as an artificial environment. There is no standardized technique to calculate the score of the SSA. Finally, there was a significant impact of SSA on clinical team performance as well as some related skills such as leadership, task management, mindfulness and task prioritization. Conclusions. Reviewing the literature revealed a lack of studies investigating the use of SSA within the context of hospital emergency care. There is also a lack of agreement on how a SSA score should be calculated. Further studies are required to overcome these issues.

Application of Intelligent Analysis Technology of Football Video Based on Online Target Tracking Algorithm of Motion Characteristics in Football Training.

Because the scene of football video is fixed and simple, the events in football video, such as shooting and offside , also have clear semantics. At the same time, they have sufficient domain knowledge and have broad application prospects. The research framework of sports video intelligence analysis is usually regarded as a three-level framework, namely, the low-level feature layer, the middle-level key primitive generation layer, and the high-level event analysis layer. A MF_O2T (Moving Feature Online Target Tracking) algorithm is proposed. First, based on the marked first frame image, this algorithm extracts a set of standardized local images from the target areas of visible and infrared images as target convolution filters, removes the main color of the stadium by using HSV color space nonuniform quantization algorithm, and extracts the histogram of the main color of players in upper and lower blocks. Experimental results show that the algorithm designed in this paper has strong robustness, can better adapt to player tracking in different scenes of football video, and meets the real-time requirements of football training.

A three-level framework for strategic participation of aggregated electric vehicle-owning households in local electricity and thermal energy markets

The impact of electric vehicles (EV) charging strategy will not be limited to power systems as integrated electricity, natural gas and thermal energy systems have become increasingly interconnected. We introduce a three-level framework for the aggregated electric vehicle-owning households (AEVH) to strategically participate in local electricity and thermal energy markets as a price-maker, while considering the strategic behavior of the integrated energy service provider (IESP) in the wholesale electricity market (WEM) also as a price-maker. The AEVH operator forms the first level, while IESP and WEM operators are integrated at the second and third levels, respectively. To solve the three-level problem, the second and third levels are modified as a single-level problem through the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, then the equilibrium point of the resulting single-level problem and the first level is achieved through two-step iterative method. At the first level, the arrival/departure time and daily traveled miles of EV fleets are modeled via stochastic scenarios, while renewable energy production at the second level is dealt with by information gap decision theory (IGDT). Ultimately, different case studies verify that AEVHs can deploy their thermal flexibility together with the smart charging strategy of the EVs to influence the local electricity, thermal energy and even WEM prices. Using the proposed three-level optimization framework reaches the best point of equilibrium between different market players. The outcomes prove the effectiveness of the proposed model. Based on the results, the AEVH can deploy the proposed model to diminish the WEM price by 2.1%, while the local electricity price was dropped by 18.85%. Furthermore, the thermal energy price was reduced by 5.82%, which illustrates that EVs can influence the thermal energy market through the combined heat and power units.

Piloting participatory action research: Community as intermediary to education pathways of Congolese refugee youth.

This pilot participatory action research (PAR) is aimed at increasing educational opportunities for refugee youth by demystifying higher education and providing relevant information. The project also aims to develop empirical knowledge regarding refugee youth's life trajectories and barriers to higher education, which informs collective action to enhance educational policies and programs for refugee youth. In collaboration with community and student organizations in a midwestern urban area of the United States, we organized a higher education pathway program for Congolese refugee youth and community leaders aspiring to pursue higher education. Seven individuals attended a 1-day program, with a workshop, campus tour, and meeting with university administrators, and participated, along with two others, in a life history calendar interview. This article analyzes the PAR processes and interviews with participants. In addition to individual-level factors such as limited knowledge about college, various structural-level factors (i.e., school policies, procedures) impede education of refugee youth. Our analysis highlights the community as a source of both support and responsibility for refugee youth. Results show the need to educate the community about higher education but also the need to educate the university about refugee education and the community's pivotal role in doing so. Our findings offer a three-level (individual, structural, and community) framework of education pathways for resettled refugees. A critical analysis of how factors at multiple levels interact and produce unique challenges and possibilities furthers the field of refugee studies and also informs more holistic, sustainable policies and programs for refugee education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The Situation Awareness Framework for Explainable AI (SAFE-AI) and Human Factors Considerations for XAI Systems

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have drawn attention to the need for AI systems to be understandable to human users. The explainable AI (XAI) literature aims to enhance human understanding and human-AI team performance by providing users with necessary information about AI system behavior. Simultaneously, the human factors literature has long addressed important considerations that contribute to human performance, including how to determine human informational needs, human workload, and human trust in autonomous systems. Drawing from the human factors literature, we propose the Situation Awareness Framework for Explainable AI (SAFE-AI), a three-level framework for the development and evaluation of explanations about AI system behavior. Our proposed levels of XAI are based on the informational needs of human users, which can be determined using the levels of situation awareness (SA) framework from the human factors literature. Based on our levels of XAI framework, we also suggest a method for assessing the effectiveness of XAI systems. We further detail human workload considerations for determining the content and frequency of explanations as well as metrics that can be used to assess human workload. Finally, we discuss the importance of appropriately calibrating user trust in AI systems through explanations along with other trust-related considerations for XAI, and we detail metrics that can be used to evaluate user trust in these systems.

Transitional Pain Care in Quebec: Did We Forget Our Youths? A Brief Research Report.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) represent a unique population with distinct psycho-social risks and care needs. About 10% of AYAs live with chronic pain (CP) and transition to adult pain care between 16 and 25 years of age. These transitions in care happen simultaneously with other bio-psycho-social changes and require flexible multi-disciplinary support models. As it stands, transitional pain care appears suboptimal, fragmented, and opportunistic in Quebec (Canada). The objective of this Brief Report is, therefore, to present our study findings and propose a multi-disciplinary transitional framework vision applicable to AYAs living with CP. Data were collected using a sequential-consensual qualitative design with a longitudinal participatory component. The consecutive stages of this work included an exploratory stage, semi-structured interviews with primary care providers, and inter-disciplinary deliberative stakeholder consultation groups. The deductive inductive thematic approach and the three-level Health Care Transition Research Consortium's theoretical framework were used to analyze the data. A representative group of stakeholders discussed findings from the first two steps, made fifteen actionable recommendations and formulated their vision of a transitional pain care model that can be further adapted in other settings. The study results present important insights into various psycho-social factors associated with transitional pain care for AYAs.

A Probe into Integration of Mindfulness into the Three-level Counseling Model

<p>本文探討如何將正念的實證效益結合學校的三級輔導模式以提供青少年心理方面的協助。正念發展至今已有二三十年，應用在醫學、教育、生活等各層面已相當廣泛，亦無年齡層的差別，服務的對象從嚴重的精神疾患到輕微的心理障礙都有顯著的效果，甚至也提供一般人心理保健之道，也因服務對象需求之不同而發展出各種不同的療癒方案或教育課程。筆者認為正念的發展正好與學校三級輔導模式的分層分工相互呼應，不僅同樣關注心理層面的健康，也強調滿足各級學生的不同需求。青少年正值身心劇烈變化的時期，對自我產生很多的好奇與疑惑、擔心與不安，開始面對各種人際困擾，需要環境給予較多的關懷與協助，正念恰可提供青少年相當多的助益；也由於青少年正值國民教育階段，藉由學校正念環境的建構將可協助所有的青少年。儘管目前正念已逐漸在學校發展起來，但是尚沒有清楚的架構依循可以視人適需提供合宜的正念處置方式，因此筆者擬以三級輔導為架構探討如何將正念有效地應用在青少年對象上，冀望能夠協助他們度過風暴的青春期。</p> <p> </p><p>This article explored how to combine the empirical benefits of mindfulness with the school’s three-level counseling model to provide psychological assistance for adolescents. Mindfulness has been developed for 20 to 30 years, and it has been widely used in medicine, education, and life. There is no difference in age groups. Moreover, mindfulness can be beneficial to people of all ages. Mindfulness has a significant effect on its target groups, ranging from severe mental illness to mild psychological disorders, and it’s even provided with the public general with mental health care. Various treatments have been developed due to the different needs of target groups, including healing programs and educational courses. The author believes that the development of mindfulness synergistically interacts with the hierarchical division of labor in the school’s three-level guidance model. It not only pays attention to psychological health but also emphasizes meeting the different needs of students at all levels. Teenagers are in a period of drastic physical and mental changes. They have a lot of curiosity, doubts, worry and anxiety about themselves, and they also begin to face various interpersonal problems. They need more care and assistance from the environment. Mindfulness can provide a lot of help for adolescents. What’s more, since adolescents are at the stage of national education, all adolescents can be assisted by the construction of a mindfulness environment in schools. Although mindfulness has gradually developed in schools, there is still no clear framework to follow to provide appropriate mindfulness treatment methods according to people’s needs. Therefore, the author intends to use a three-level counseling framework to explore how to effectively apply mindfulness to young people and help them weather the ups and downs of their adolescent period.</p> <p> </p>